LESSON 29
CONTRACT VERBS

Greek	Meaning	Notes
ἀγαπάω	I love
δηλόω	I show
εὐλογέω	I bless	Cognate: eulogy (i.e., say good, speak well)
εὐχαριστέω	I give thanks	Cognate: eucharist
ζητέω	I seek
θεωρέω	I behold
καλέω	I call
λαλέω	I speak	usually with the tongue
παρακαλέω	I exhort, comfort	Lit.: call alongside
περιπατέω	I walk about
ποιέω	I do, make
σταυρόω	I crucify
τηρέω	I keep
τιμάω	I honor
φιλέω	I love	Cognate: philial

Contract Verbs

1. Contract verbs are those in which the stem in the vocabulary form ends in a vowel:
   -αω, -οω, -εω.
   1. In tenses such as the aorist, future, perfect, and future perfect passive, a consonant is normally inserted after the stem vowel.
      1. For example: the future of φιλέω should be φιλέσω, but the ε is lengtened to η resulting in φιλήσω.
      2. Also: the future of δηλόω is δηλώσω
      3. And: the future of τιμάω is τιμήσω
      4. καλέω is an exception to this rule. The future is καλέσω instead of καλήσω.
   2. In the present and imperfect tenses, the thematic connecting vowel ο/ε then they combines with the final vowel of the stem to form a different vowel or diphthong.

The pattern of contraction

		PERSONAL ENDINGS
		ε	η	ει	ῃ	ο	ω	ου	οι
S T E M	ε	ει	η	ει	ῃ	ου	ω	ου	οι
	α	α	α	ᾳ	ᾳ	ω	ω	ω	ῳ
	ο	ου	ου	οι	οι	ου	ω	ου	οι

1. If the stem of the word ends in one of the three vowels on the left side and you add one of the vowels from a personal ending from along the top row, the intersection of the row and column will be the resulting contraction.
2. For example τιμάω means "I honor"; but if you wanted "we honor," the stem is τιμα- and you need to add -ομεν. The result would be τιμαομεν; but the α at the end of the stem merges with the ο of -ομεν resulting in τιμῶμεν
3. Notice the following:
   1. The o-sound is strong and overcomes the α or ε
      1. Thus ε + ο = ου, ε + ω = ω, ε + ου = ου, ε + οι = οι
      2. Thus α + ο = ου, α + ω = ω, α + ου = ου, α + οι = οι
   2. The ι in the personal endings remains even if it becomes an iota-subscript.
      1. Thus ε + ει = ει, ε + ῃ = ῃ, ε + οι = οι
      2. Thus α + ει = ᾳ, α + ῃ = ᾳ, α + οι = ῳ
      3. Thus ο + ει = οι, ο + ῃ = οι, ο + οι = οι
   3. α is stronger than ε or η
4. The uncontracted forms do not appear in the New Testament.
5. They are shown in the examples below to indicate how they are formed.

Present Indicative Active of τιμάω

Uncontracted	Contracted	Uncontracted	Contracted
τιμάω	τιμῶ	τιμάομεν	τιμῶμεν
τιμάεις	τιμᾷς	τιμάετε	τιμᾶτε
τιμάει	τιμᾷ	τιμάουσι	τιμῶσι

Present Indicative Active of φιλέω

Uncontracted	Contracted	Uncontracted	Contracted
φιλέω	φιλῶ	φιλέομεν	φιλοῦμεν
φιλέεις	φιλεῖς	φιλέετε	φιλεῖτε
φιλέει	φιλεῖ	φιλέουσι	φιλοῦσι

Present Indicative Active of δηλόω

Uncontracted	Contracted	Uncontracted	Contracted
δηλόω	δηλῶ	δηλόομεν	δηλοῦμεν
δηλόεις	δηλοῖς	δηλόετε	δηλοῦτε
δηλόει	δηλοῖ	δηλόουσι	δηλοῦσι

Liquid Verbs

1. Liquid verbs are those where the stem ends in λ, μ, ν, ρ
   1. In the future tense, they drop the σ and add an ε
   2. Thus they act like a contract verb with the stem ending in ε
   3. They are contracted according to the previous contract rules
   4. κρίνω in the future would normally become κρίνσω, but the σ drops out and ε is added to become κρινέω. Now contraction of έω takes place to make it κρινῶ.

Translate the following:

1. εἰ ἀγαπῶμεν τὸν κύριον, τηρῶμεν τὰς ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ καὶ ποιῶμεν τὰ λαλούμενα ἡμῖν ὑπʼαὐτοῦ.
   
2. ἐζήτουν αὐτὸν οἱ πονηροὶ, ἵνα θεωρῶσι τὰ ποιούμενα ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ.
   
3. ὁ μαθητὴς ἐλάλησεν ταῦτα τοῖς περιπατοῦσιν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ.
   
4. οὐκ εὐλογήσει ὁ θεὸς τὸν μὴ περιπατοῦντα κατὰ τὰς ἐντολὰς τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ.
   
5. ταῦτα ἐποιεῖτε ἡμῖν ὅτι φιλεῖτε τὸν καλέσαντα ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ.
   
6. ἐθεώρουν τὸν ἰησοῦν σταυρούμενον ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν.
   
7. εὐχαριστῶμεν τῷ θεῷ καὶ τιμῶμεν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ.
   
8. ὁ θεὸς ἠγάπησεν τὸν κόσμον καὶ παρακαλεῖ ἀνθρώπους ἀγαπᾶν τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ.
   
9. ὁ ἰησοῦς λέγει τῷ μαθητῇ, σίμων, φιλεῖς με;
   
10. καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, κύριε, σὺ γινώσκεις ὅτι φιλῶ σε.
    
11. ἐὰν ἐν τῷ φωτὶ περιπατῶμεν ὡς αὐτός ἐστιν ἐν τῷ φωτί, τὸ αἶμα ἰησοῦ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ καθαρίζει ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τῆς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν.
    
12. ἐὰν εἴπωμεν ὅτι οὐχ ἡμαρτήκαμεν, ψεύστην ποιοῦμεν αὐτὸν καὶ ὁ λόγος αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἡμῖν.