FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS, JEWISH ANTIQUITIES<br>Book 13

From death of Judas Maccabeus to death of Queen Alexandra

Chapter 1 Jonathan and Simon help carry on the war against Bacchides
Chapter 2 Alexander Bala makes Jonathan high priest; the death of Demetrius
Chapter 3 Onias befriends Ptolemy Philometor. New Temple planned for Egypt
Chapter 4 Alexander reigns in Syria and honours Jonathan, as does Demetrius II
Chapter 5 Tryphon wins Syria for Antiochus. The envoys of Jonathan
Chapter 6 After Jonathan, Simon becomes general and high priest. War on Tryphon
Chapter 7 Simon is treacherously murdered by his son-in-law, Ptolemy
Chapter 8 High priest Hyrcanus ejects Ptolemy; allies with Antiochus, after a war
Chapter 9 Hyrcanus' expedition against Syria. He makes a pact with the Romans
Chapter 10 Hyrcanus demolishes Samaria; changes from Sadducee to Pharisee
Chapter 11 Aristobulus and his mother and brothers; kills Antigonus; his death
Chapter 12 New king, Alexander, angers Ptolemy by double-dealing with Cleopatra
Chapter 13 Alexander destroys Gaza and kills many Jews in rebellion
Chapter 14 Progress and retreat of Demetrius. How many Jews Alexander killed
Chapter 15 Antiochus and Aretas raid Judea. Alexander's last advice to Alexandra
Chapter 16 Gaining the Pharisees' goodwill, Alexandra rules Judea for 9 years

Chapter 1
[001-034]
Jonathan takes over the leadership. Continues war against Bacchides, with Simon's help

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¹ Τίνα μὲν οὖν τρόπον τὸ τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews ἔθνος καταδουλωσαμένων αὐτὸ τῶν ΜακεδόνωνMacedonians ἀνεκτήσατο τὴν‎ ἐλευθερίαν καὶ δι᾽ ὅσων καὶ πηλίκων ἀγώνων ὁ στρατηγὸς αὐτῶν ἐλθὼν ἸούδαςJudas ἀπέθανεν ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν μαχόμενος , ἐν τῇ πρὸ ταύτης βίβλῳ δεδηλώκαμεν .
¹ By what means the nation of the Jews recovered their freedom when they had been brought into slavery by the Macedonians, and what struggles, and how many great battles, Judas, the general of their army, ran through, till he was slain as he was fighting for them, hath been related in the foregoing book;	¹ In the previous volume we showed how the Jewish nation regained its freedom after being enslaved by the Macedonians, and how their general, Judas, died fighting on their behalf after undergoing many struggles and battles.
¹ Barach

² μετὰ δὲ τὴν‎ τελευτὴν τὴν‎ ἸούδουJudas πᾶν ὅσον ἦν ἔτι τῶν ἀσεβῶν καὶ παραβεβηκότων τὴν‎ πάτριον πολιτείαν ἐπεφύη τοῖς ἸουδαίοιςJews καὶ πανταχόθεν αὐτοὺς ἀκμάζον ἐκάκου .
² but after he was dead, all the wicked, and those that transgressed the laws of their forefathers, sprang up again in Judea, and grew upon them, and distressed them on every side.	² After his death, all the wicked who transgressed their ancestral ways sprang up again in Judea and troubled them on every side.
² Barach

³ συνελάμβανε δὲ τῇ τούτων πονηρίᾳ καὶ λιμὸς τὴν‎ χώραν καταλαβών , ὡς πολλοὺς διὰ τὴν‎ σπάνιν τῶν ἀναγκαίων καὶ τὸ μὴ δύνασθαι τοῖς παρ᾽ ἀμφοτέρων ἀπό τε τοῦ λιμοῦ καὶ τῶν ἐχθρῶν δεινοῖς ἀντέχειν αὐτομολῆσαι πρὸς τοὺς ΜακεδόναςMacedonians .
³ A famine also assisted their wickedness, and afflicted the country, till not a few, who by reason of their want of necessaries, and because they were not able to bear up against the miseries that both the famine and their enemies brought upon them, deserted their country, and went to the Macedonians.	³ A famine that afflicted the country added to their wickedness, for many who were unable to endure the hardships both of hunger and their opponents, went over to the Macedonians.
³ Barach

⁴ ΒακχίδηςBacchides δὲ τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews τοὺς ἀποστάντας τῆς πατρίου συνηθείας καὶ τὸν κοινὸν βίον προῃρημένους συναθροίσας τούτοις ἐνεχείρισεν τὴν‎ τῆς χώρας ἐπιμέλειαν , οἳ καὶ συλλαμβάνοντες τοὺς ἸούδουJudas φίλους καὶ τὰ ἐκείνου φρονοῦντας τῷ ΒακχίδῃBacchides παρέδοσαν · ὁ δὲ βασανίζων πρῶτον αὐτοὺς καὶ πρὸς ἡδονὴν αἰκιζόμενος ἔπειθ᾽afterward οὕτως διέφθειρεν .
⁴ And now Bacchides gathered those Jews together who had apostatized from the accustomed way of living of their forefathers, and chose to live like their neighbors, and committed the care of the country to them, who also caught the friends of Judas, and those of his party, and delivered them up to Bacchides, who when he had, in the first place, tortured and tormented them at his pleasure, he, by that means, at length killed them.	⁴ Bacchides gathered the Jews who had apostatized from their old ancestral lifestyle and adopted the new ways, and handed over to them the government of the country. Then these laid hold of the friends of Judas and his partisans and gave them over to Bacchides, and after torturing and tormenting them at his pleasure, he finally put them to death.
⁴ Barach

⁵ ταύτης δὲ τῆς συμφορᾶς τοῖς ἸουδαίοιςJews τηλικαύτης γενομένης , ἡλίκης οὐκ ἦσαν πεπειραμένοι μετὰ τὴν‎ ἐκ ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylon ἐπάνοδον , οἱ περιλειφθέντες τῶν ἑταίρων τῶν ἸούδουJudas βλέποντες ἀπολλύμενον οἰκτρῶς τὸ ἔθνος προσελθόντες αὐτοῦ‎ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἸωνάθῃJonathan μιμεῖσθαι τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ‎ καὶ τὴν‎ ἐκείνου περὶ τῶν ὁμοφύλωνof the same race πρόνοιαν ἠξίουν ἀποθανόντος ὑπὲρ τῆς ἐκείνων ἐλευθερίας , καὶ μὴ περιορᾶν ἀπροστάτητον τὸ ἔθνος μηδ᾽ ἐν οἷς φθείρεται .
⁵ And when this calamity of the Jews was become so great, as they had never had experience of the like since their return out of Babylon, those that remained of the companions of Judas, seeing that the nation was ready to be destroyed after a miserable manner, came to his brother Jonathan, and desired him that he would imitate his brother, and that care which he took of his countrymen, for whose liberty in general he died also; and that he would not permit the nation to be without a governor, especially in those destructive circumstances wherein it now was.	⁵ When this plight of the Jews became worse than anything they had known since the return from Babylon, the remnants of Judas' companions, seeing the nation about to be so miserably destroyed, went to his brother Jonathan and asked him to care for his countrymen just like his brother, who had died for their freedom, and not to leave the nation leaderless, to perish like this.
⁵ Barach

⁶ ὁ δ᾽ ἸωνάθηςJonathan φήσας ἑτοίμως ἔχειν ἀποθνήσκειν ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν καὶ νομισθεὶς κατὰ μηδὲν εἶναι χείρων τἀδελφοῦ στρατηγὸς ἀποδείκνυται τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews .
⁶ And when Jonathan said that he was ready to die for them, and was indeed esteemed no way inferior to his brother, he was appointed to be the general of the Jewish army.	⁶ When Jonathan declared that he was ready to die for them and was seen as no less than his brother, he was appointed general of the Jews.
⁶ Barach

⁷ Ὁ δὲ ΒακχίδηςBacchides ἀκούσας καὶ φοβηθείς , μὴ παράσχῃ πράγματα τῷ βασιλεῖ καὶ τοῖς ΜακεδόσινMacedonians ὁ ἸωνάθηςJonathan , ὡς καὶ πρότερον ἸούδαςJudas , ἀποκτεῖναι δόλῳ τοῦτον ἐζήτει .
⁷ When Bacchides heard this, and was afraid that Jonathan might be very troublesome to the king and the Macedonians, as Judas had been before him, he sought how he might slay him by treachery.	⁷ Hearing of this Bacchides was afraid that Jonathan might pose a problem for the king and the Macedonians, as Judas had done before him, so he sought a way to kill him by treachery.
⁷ Barach

⁸ ταύτην δὲ ἔχων τὴν‎ προαίρεσιν οὐκ ἔλαθεν τὸν ἸωνάθηνJonathan οὐδὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ‎ ΣίμωναSimon , ἀλλὰ γὰρ μαθόντες οὗτοι καὶ παραλαβόντες τοὺς ἑταίρους ἅπαντας εἰς τὴν‎ ἐρημίαν τὴν‎ ἔγγιστα τῆς πόλεως τὸ τάχος ἔφυγον , καὶ παραγενόμενοι ἐπὶ τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ καλούμενον λάκκου Ἀσφὰρ αὐτόθι διῆγον .
⁸ But this intention of his was not unknown to Jonathan, nor to his brother Simon; but when these two were apprised of it, they took all their companions, and presently fled into that wilderness which was nearest to the city; and when they were come to a lake called Asphar, they abode there.	⁸ But his intentions were not unknown to Jonathan and his brother Simon, and alerted to it, they quickly took all their companions and fled into the wilderness nearest to the city, and when they had come to the waters called lake Asphar, they stayed there.
⁸ Barach

⁹ ὁ δὲ ΒακχίδηςBacchides αἰσθόμενος αὐτοὺς ἀπηρκότας καὶ ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ τόπῳ τυγχάνοντας ὥρμησεν ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς μετὰ πάσης τῆς δυνάμεως , καὶ πέραν τοῦ ἸορδάνουJordan στρατοπεδευσάμενος ἀνελάμβανε τὴν‎ δύναμιν .
⁹ But when Bacchides was sensible that they were in a low state, and were in that place, he hasted to fall upon them with all his forces, and pitching his camp beyond Jordan, he recruited his army.	⁹ Bacchides knew that they had left and were in that place, and hurried to attack them with all his forces and camping beyond the Jordan, he gathered his forces.
⁹ Barach

¹⁰ ἸωνάθηςJonathan δὲ γνοὺς τὸν ΒακχίδηνBacchides ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν ἥκοντα πέμπει τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἸωάννηνJohn τὸν καὶ ΓάδδεινGaddis λεγόμενον πρὸς τοὺς ΝαβαταίουςNabateans ἌραβαςArabs , ἵνα παρ᾽ αὐτοῖς ἀποθῆται τὴν‎ ἀποσκευὴν ἕως οὗ πολεμήσουσι πρὸς ΒακχίδηνBacchides · ἦσαν γὰρ φίλοι .
¹⁰ But when Jonathan knew that Bacchides Was coming upon him, he sent his brother John, who was also called Gaddis, to the Nabatean Arabs, that he might lodge his baggage with them until the battle with Bacchides should be over, for they were the Jews’ friends.	¹⁰ Knowing that Bacchides was marching on him, Jonathan sent his brother John, also known as Gaddis, to the Nabatean Arabs, to leave his baggage with them until after the battle with Bacchides, for they were his friends.
¹⁰ Barach

¹¹ τὸν δὲ ἸωάννηνJohn ἀπιόντα πρὸς τοὺς ΝαβαταίουςNabateans ἐνεδρεύσαντες ἐκ ΜηδάβαςMedaba πόλεως οἱ ἈμαραίουAmbri παῖδες αὐτόν τε συλλαμβάνουσι καὶ τοὺς σὺν αὐτῷ , καὶ διαρπάσαντες ὅσα ἐπεκομίζετο κτείνουσι τὸν ἸωάννηνJohn καὶ τοὺς ἑταίρους αὐτοῦ‎ πάντας . δίκην μέντοι γε τούτων ὑπέσχον τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς αὐτοῦ‎ τὴν‎ ἀξίαν , ἣν μετ᾽ οὐ πολὺ δηλώσομεν .
¹¹ And the sons of Ambri laid an ambush for John from the city Medaba, and seized upon him, and upon those that were with him, and plundered all that they had with them. They also slew John, and all his companions. However, they were sufficiently punished for what they now did by John’s brethren, as we shall relate presently.	¹¹ As John was going to the Nabateans, the sons of Ambri ambushed him from the city of Medaba and looted all that they had with them and killed John and all his companions. But they were well punished by John's brothers for what they did, as we shall soon relate.
¹¹ Barach

¹² Ὁ δὲ ΒακχίδηςBacchides γνοὺς τὸν ἸωνάθηνJonathan ἐν τοῖς ἕλεσι τοῦ ἸορδάνουJordan κατεστρατοπεδευμένον παραφυλάξας τὴν‎ τῶν σαββάτων ἡμέραν ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν ἧκεν ὡς οὐ μαχούμενον ἐκείνῃ διὰ τὸν νόμον .
¹² But when Bacchides knew that Jonathan had pitched his camp among the lakes of Jordan, he observed when their Sabbath day came, and then assaulted him, (as supposing that he would not fight because of the law for resting on that day):	¹² As Bacchides knew that Jonathan encamped among the lakes of the Jordan, he waited until the sabbath day and then attacked, not expecting him to fight on that day because of the law.
¹² Barach

¹³ ὁ δὲ παρορμήσας τοὺς ἑταίρους καὶ περὶ τῶν ψυχῶν αὐτοῖς εἶναι τὸν κίνδυνον εἰπὼν μέσοις ἀπειλημμένοις τοῦ τε ποταμοῦ καὶ τῶν πολεμίων ὡς φυγὴν οὐκ ἔχουσιν , οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἔμπροσθεν ἐπῄεσαν ὁ ποταμὸς δ᾽ ἦν κατόπιν αὐτῶν , εὐξάμενος δὲ καὶ τῷ θεῷ νίκην αὐτοῖς παρασχεῖν συνάπτει τοῖς πολεμίοις .
¹³ but he exhorted his companions [to fight]; and told them that their lives were at stake, since they were encompassed by the river, and by their enemies, and had no way to escape, for that their enemies pressed upon them before, and the river was behind them. So after he had prayed to God to give them the victory, he joined battle with the enemy,	¹³ But he urged on his companions, saying that their lives were at stake as they were between the river and by their foes, with no way to escape, with enemies in front of them and the river at their back; and praying to God for victory, he tackled the enemy.
¹³ Barach

¹⁴ ὧν πολλοὺς καταβαλὼν ἐπεὶ τολμηρῶς εἶδεν ἐπερχόμενον αὐτῷ τὸν ΒακχίδηνBacchides , ἐξέτεινε τὴν‎ δεξιὰν ὡς πλήξων αὐτόν . τοῦ δὲ προιδομένου καὶ τὴν‎ πληγὴν ἐκκλίναντος ἀποπηδήσας μετὰ τῶν ἑταίρων εἰς τὸν ποταμὸν διενήξατο , καὶ τοῦτον διασώζονται τὸν τρόπον εἰς τὸ πέραν τοῦ ἸορδάνουJordan , τῶν πολεμίων οὐκέτι τὸν ποταμὸν ἀντιδιαβάντων ὑποστρέψαντος εὐθὺς τοῦ ΒακχίδουBacchides εἰς τὴν‎ ἐν ἹεροσολύμοιςJerusalem ἄκραν .
¹⁴ of whom he overthrew many; and as he saw Bacchides coming up boldly to him, he stretched out his right hand to smite him; but the other foreseeing and avoiding the stroke, Jonathan with his companions leaped into the river, and swam over it, and by that means escaped beyond Jordan while the enemies did not pass over that river; but Bacchides returned presently to the citadel at Jerusalem, having lost about two thousand of his army.	¹⁴ Many of them he destroyed, and when he saw Bacchides boldly coming at him, he stretched out his hand to strike him, but the other foresaw and avoided the stroke. Then Jonathan and his companions jumped into the river and swam over it and so escaped beyond the Jordan while the enemies did not cross the river, and Bacchides immediately returned to the citadel in Jerusalem, having lost about two thousand of his army.
¹⁴ Barach

¹⁵ ἀπέβαλενto throw off δὲ τῆς στρατιᾶς ὡς περὶ δισχιλίους . πολλὰς δὲ τῆς ἸουδαίαςJudea καταλαβόμενος πόλεις ὁ ΒακχίδηςBacchides ὠχύρωσεν , καὶ τὴν‎ ἹεριχοῦνταJericho καὶ ἈμμαοῦνEmmaus καὶ ΒαιθωροῦνBethoron καὶ ΒέθηλαBethel καὶ ΘαμναθὰTimna καὶ ΦαραθὼPharatho καὶ ΤοχόανTochoa καὶ ΓάζαραGazara ,
¹⁵ He also fortified many cities of Judea, whose walls had been demolished; Jericho, and Emmaus, and Betboron, and Bethel, and Tinma, and Pharatho, and Tecoa, and Gazara,	¹⁵ Bacchides took and fortified many cities of Judea, and Jericho and Emmaus and Bethoron and Bethel and Timna and Pharatho and Tochoa and Gazara.
¹⁵ Barach

¹⁶ καὶ πύργους ἐν ἑκάστῃ τῶν πόλεων οἰκοδομήσας καὶ τείχη περιβαλὼν αὐταῖς καρτερὰ καὶ τῷ μεγέθει διαφέροντα δύναμιν εἰς αὐτὰς κατέστησεν , ὅπως κακοῦν ἐκεῖθεν ὁρμώμενοι τοὺς ἸουδαίουςJews ἔχωσιν .
¹⁶ and built towers in every one of these cities, and encompassed them with strong walls, that were very large also, and put garrisons into them, that they might issue out of them, and do mischief to the Jews.	¹⁶ He built towers in each of these cities and surrounded them with strong, high walls, and put garrisons in them, who could sally out and harass the Jews.
¹⁶ Barach

¹⁷ μάλιστα δὲ τὴν‎ ἐν ἹεροσολύμοιςJerusalem ἄκραν ὠχύρωσεν . λαβὼν δὲ καὶ τοὺς τῶν πρώτων τῆς ἸουδαίαςJudea παῖδας ὁμήρους εἰς τὴν‎ ἄκραν αὐτοὺς ἐνέκλεισεν καὶ τοῦτον ἐφύλαττενto watch, guard τὸν τρόπον .
¹⁷ He also fortified the citadel at Jerusalem more than all the rest. Moreover, he took the sons of the principal Jews as pledges, and shut them up in the citadel, and in that manner guarded it.	¹⁷ He fortified especially the citadel in Jerusalem and took the sons of the chiefs of Judea as hostages and shut them in the citadel and secured it in that way.
¹⁷ Barach

¹⁸ Ὑπὸ τὸν αὐτὸν δὲ καιρὸν παραγενόμενός τις πρὸς ἸωνάθηνJonathan καὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ‎ ΣίμωναSimon τοὺς ἈμαραίουAmbri παῖδας ἀπήγγειλεν αὐτοῖς γάμον ἐπιτελοῦντας καὶ τὴν‎ νύμφην ἄγοντας ἀπὸ ΝαβαθὰNabatha, Gabatha πόλεως θυγατέρα τινὸς οὖσαν τῶν ἐπιφανῶνevident; notable παρὰ τοῖς ἌραψινArabs , μέλλειν δὲ γίνεσθαι παραπομπὴν τῆς κόρης λαμπρὰν καὶ πολυτελῆ .
¹⁸ About the same time one came to Jonathan, and to his brother Simon, and told them that the sons of Ambri were celebrating a marriage, and bringing the bride from the city Gabatha, who was the daughter of one of the illustrious men among the Arabians, and that the damsel was to be conducted with pomp, and splendor, and much riches:	¹⁸ About that time someone came to Jonathan and his brother Simon to tell them that the sons of Ambri were celebrating a marriage and bringing the bride, the daughter of a famous man among the Arabs, from the city of Gabatha, and that the girl was to be conducted with pomp and great splendour.
¹⁸ Barach

¹⁹ οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν ἸωνάθηνJonathan καὶ ΣίμωναSimon καιρὸν ἐπιτηδειότατον εἰς τὴν‎ ἐκδικίαν τἀδελφοῦ νομίσαντες αὐτοῖς παραφανῆναι , καὶ λήψεσθαι τὴν‎ ὑπὲρ ἸωάννουJohn δίκην παρ᾽ αὐτῶν ἐπὶ πολλῆς ἐξουσίας ὑπολαβόντες ἐξώρμησαν εἰς τὰ ΜήδαβαMedaba καὶ τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ἐν τῷ ὄρει λοχῶντες ἔμενον .
¹⁹ so Jonathan and Simon thinking this appeared to be the fittest time for them to avenge the death of their brother, and that they had forces sufficient for receiving satisfaction from them for his death, they made haste to Medaba, and lay in wait among the mountains for the coming of their enemies;	¹⁹ Thinking this a good chance to avenge their brother's death and that they had enough forces to do it, Jonathan and Simon hurried to Medaba and hid in the mountains until their enemies arrived.
¹⁹ Barach

²⁰ ὡς δ᾽ εἶδον αὐτοὺς ἄγοντας τὴν‎ παρθένον καὶ τὸν νυμφίον καὶ φίλων σὺν αὐτοῖς οἷον εἰκὸς ἐν γάμοις ὄχλον , ἀναπηδήσαντες ἐκ τῆς ἐνέδρας ἀπέκτειναν ἅπαντας καὶ τὸν κόσμον καὶ τὴν‎ ἄλλην ὅση τότε εἵπετο λεία τοῖς ἀνθρώποις λαβόντες ὑπέστρεψαν .
²⁰ and as soon as they saw them conducting the virgin, and her bridegroom, and such a great company of their friends with them as was to be expected at this wedding, they sallied out of their ambush, and slew them all, and took their ornaments, and all the prey that then followed them, and so returned,	²⁰ When they saw them conducting the virgin and her bridegroom and the usual large company of their friends at such a wedding, they rushed out from ambush and killed them all and took their ornaments and all the goods those people had and so returned.
²⁰ Barach

²¹ καὶ τιμωρίαν μὲν ὑπὲρ ἸωάννουJohn τἀδελφοῦ παρὰ τῶν υἱῶν ἈμαραίουAmbri τοιαύτην ἀπέλαβον · αὐτοί τε γὰρ οὗτοι καὶ οἱ συνεπόμενοι τούτοις φίλοι καὶ γυναῖκες αὐτῶν καὶ τέκνα διεφθάρησαν ὄντες τετρακόσιοι .
²¹ and received this satisfaction for their brother John from the sons of Ambri; for as well those sons themselves, as their friends, and wives, and children that followed them, perished, being in number about four hundred.	²¹ This was the punishment they dealt to the sons of Ambri for their brother John, for the sons themselves died along with their friends and wives and children, numbering about four hundred.
²¹ Barach

²² ΣίμωνSimon μὲν οὖν καὶ ἸωνάθηςJonathan εἰς τὰ ἕλη τοῦ ποταμοῦ ὑποστρέψαντες αὐτόθι κατέμενον . ΒακχίδηςBacchides δὲ τὴν‎ ἸουδαίανJudea ἅπασαν φρουραῖς ἀσφαλισάμενος ὑπέστρεψεν πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα . Καὶ τότε μὲν ἐπ᾽ ἔτη δύο τὰ τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews ἠρέμησεν πράγματα .
²² However, Simon and Jonathan returned to the lakes of the river, and abode there. But Bacchides, when he had secured all Judea with his garrisons, returned to the king; and then it was that the affairs of Judea were quiet for two years.	²² Simon and Jonathan returned to the lakes of the river and stayed there; but Bacchides had secured all Judea with his garrisons, and returned to the king, and then the affairs of the Jews were at peace for two years.
²² Barach

²³ οἱ δὲ φυγάδες καὶ οἱ ἀσεβεῖς ὁρῶντες τὸν ἸωνάθηνJonathan καὶ τοὺς σὺν αὐτῷ μετὰ πολλῆς ἀδείας ἐνδιατρίβοντας τῇ χώρᾳ διὰ τὴν‎ εἰρήνην πέμπουσιν πρὸς ΔημήτριονDemetrius τὸν βασιλέα , παρακαλοῦντες ἀποστεῖλαι ΒακχίδηνBacchides ἐπὶ τὴν‎ ἸωνάθουJonathan σύλληψιν · ἐδήλουν γὰρ αὐτὴν ἀπόνως ἐσομένην , καὶ νυκτὶ μιᾷ μὴ προσδοκῶσιν αὐτοῖς ἐπιπεσόντες ἀποκτενεῖν ἅπαντας .
²³ But when the deserters and the wicked saw that Jonathan and those that were with him lived in the country very quietly, by reason of the peace, they sent to king Demetrius, and excited him to send Bacchides to seize upon Jonathan, which they said was to be done without any trouble, and in one night’s time; and that if they fell upon them before they were aware, they might slay them all.	²³ When the deserters and the wicked saw Jonathan and his companions living calmly in the country because of the peace, they sent to king Demetrius and roused him to send Bacchides to seize Jonathan, which they said could be done easily in a single night, for if they attacked them unawares, they could kill them all.
²³ Barach

²⁴ τοῦ δὲ βασιλέως ἐκπέμψαντος τὸν ΒακχίδηνBacchides , γενόμενος οὗτος ἐν τῇ ἸουδαίᾳJudea πᾶσιν ἔγραψεν τοῖς φίλοις καὶ ἸουδαίοιςJews καὶ συμμάχοις συλλαβεῖν αὐτῷ τὸν ἸωνάθηνJonathan .
²⁴ So the king sent Bacchides, who, when he was come into Judea, wrote to all his friends, both Jews and auxiliaries, that they should seize upon Jonathan, and bring him to him;	²⁴ So the king sent Bacchides and arriving in Judea he wrote to all his friends, both Jews and allies to bring Jonathan to him.
²⁴ Barach

²⁵ σπουδαζόντων δὲ πάντων καὶ μὴ δυναμένων κρατῆσαι τοῦ ἸωνάθουJonathan , ἐφυλάσσετο γὰρ σφόδρα τὴν‎ ἐπιβουλὴν ᾐσθημένος , ὁ ΒακχίδηςBacchides ὀργισθεὶς τοῖς φυγάσιν ὡς ψευσαμένοις αὐτόν τε καὶ τὸν βασιλέα πεντήκοντα αὐτῶν τοὺς ἡγουμένους συλλαβὼν ἀπέκτεινεν .
²⁵ and when, upon all their endeavors, they were not able to seize upon Jonathan, for he was sensible of the snares they laid for him, and very carefully guarded against them, Bacchides was angry at these deserters, as having imposed upon him, and upon the king, and slew fifty of their leaders:	²⁵ Despite all their efforts they were unable to capture Jonathan, for he knew of their traps and carefully guarded against them, and Bacchides was angry with the renegades for having misled him and the king, so he took and killed fifty of their ring officers.
²⁵ Barach

²⁶ ὁ δὲ ἸωνάθηςJonathan σὺν τἀδελφῷ καὶ τοῖς ἑταίροις εἰς ΒηθαλαγὰνBethalaga ἀναχωρεῖ κώμην οὖσαν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ φοβηθεὶς τὸν ΒακχίδηνBacchides , καὶ οἰκοδομήσας πύργους καὶ τείχη περιβαλόμενος αὑτὸν ἔσχεν ἀσφαλῶς πεφρουρημένον .
²⁶ whereupon Jonathan, with his brother, and those that were with him, retired to Bethagla, a village that lay in the wilderness, out of his fear of Bacchides. He also built towers in it, and encompassed it with walls, and took care that it should be safely guarded.	²⁶ Then for fear of Bacchides, Jonathan with his brother and his companions retreated to Bethalaga, a village in the wilderness, and built towers in it and surrounded it with walls so it was safely guarded.
²⁶ Barach

²⁷ ΒακχίδηςBacchides δὲ ταῦτ᾽ ἀκούσας τήν τε μεθ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ στρατιὰν ἄγων καὶ τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews τοὺς συμμάχους παραλαβὼν ἐπὶ τὸν ἸωνάθηνJonathan ἧκεν , καὶ προσβαλὼν αὐτοῦ‎ τοῖς ὀχυρώμασιν ἐπὶ πολλὰς αὐτὸν ἡμέρας ἐπολιόρκει .
²⁷ Upon the hearing of which Bacchides led his own army along with him, and besides took his Jewish auxiliaries, and came against Jonathan, and made an assault upon his fortifications, and besieged him many days;	²⁷ Hearing of this, Bacchides led his own army and some Jewish allies against Jonathan and attacked his fortifications and besieged him for many days.
²⁷ Barach

²⁸ ὁ δὲ πρὸς τὴν‎ σπουδὴν τῆς πολιορκίας οὐκ ἐνδίδωσιν , ἀλλὰ καρτερῶς ἀντιστὰς ΣίμωναSimon μὲν τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἐν τῇ πόλει καταλείπει τῷ ΒακχίδῃBacchides πολεμήσοντα , λάθρα δ᾽ αὐτὸς εἰς τὴν‎ χώραν ἐξελθὼν καὶ συναγαγὼν χεῖρα πολλὴν παρὰ τῶν τὰ αὐτοῦ‎ φρονούντων νυκτὸς ἐπιπίπτει τῷ τοῦ ΒακχίδουBacchides στρατοπέδῳ καὶ συχνοὺς αὐτῶν διαφθείρας φανερὸς καὶ τἀδελφῷ ΣίμωνιSimon γίνεται τοῖς ἐχθροῖς ἐπιπεσών .
²⁸ but Jonathan did not abate of his courage at the zeal Bacchides used in the siege, but courageously opposed him. And while he left his brother Simon in the city to fight with Bacchides, he went privately out himself into the country, and got a great body of men together of his own party, and fell upon Bacchides’s camp in the night time, and destroyed a great many of them. His brother Simon knew also of this his falling upon them, because he perceived that the enemies were slain by him;	²⁸ And still, despite the zeal of the besiegers, he did not give in but fought back bravely. Then leaving his brother Simon in the city to fight Bacchides, he himself went out secretly into the country and gathered a large group of men of his own party and attacked Bacchides' camp at night and killed many of them; and his brother Simon knew of this attack, for he saw the enemies being killed.
²⁸ Barach

²⁹ καὶ γὰρ οὗτος αἰσθόμενος ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ κτεινομένους τοὺς πολεμίους ἐπέξεισιν αὐτοῖς , καὶ τά τε μηχανήματα τὰ πρὸς τὴν‎ πολιορκίαν ἐνέπρησε τῶν ΜακεδόνωνMacedonians καὶ φόνον αὐτῶν ἱκανὸν εἰργάσατο .
²⁹ so he sallied out upon them, and burnt the engines which the Macedonians used, and made a great slaughter of them.	²⁹ So he too made sorties out at the enemy and burned the machines the Macedonians used for the siege and caused great slaughter among them.
²⁹ Barach

³⁰ θεασάμενος δ᾽ αὑτὸν ὁ ΒακχίδηςBacchides ὑπὸ τῶν ἐχθρῶν ἀπειλημμένον καὶ τοὺς μὲν ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν τοὺς δ᾽ ὄπισθεν προσκειμένους , εἰς ἀθυμίαν ἅμα καὶ ταραχὴν τῆς διανοίας ἐνέπεσεν τῷ παρ᾽ ἐλπίδας ἀποβάντι τῆς πολιορκίας συγχυθείς .
³⁰ And when Bacchides saw himself encompassed with enemies, and some of them before and some behind him, he fell into despair and trouble of mind, as confounded at the unexpected ill success of this siege.	³⁰ When Bacchides saw himself surrounded by his enemies with some of them in front of him and some behind, he fell into despair and dejection of mind, shaken by the unexpected failure of this siege.
³⁰ Barach

³¹ τὸν μέντοι γε ὑπὲρ τούτων θυμὸν εἰς τοὺς φυγάδας , οἳ μετεπέμψαντο παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως αὐτόν , ἀπέσκηψεν ὡς ἐξηπατηκότας , ἐβούλετο δὲ τελευτήσας τὴν‎ πολιορκίαν , εἰ δυνατόν , εὐπρεπῶς εἰς τὴν‎ οἰκείαν ὑποστρέψαι.
³¹ However, he vented his displeasure at these misfortunes upon those deserters who sent for him from the king, as having deluded him. So he had a mind to finish this siege after a decent manner, if it were possible for him so to do, and then to return home.	³¹ He vented his anger at this on those deserters who sent to the king for him, for having misled him, and wanted to finish this siege properly if he could and then to return home.
³¹ Barach

³² Μαθὼν δ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ τὴν‎ διάνοιαν ἸωνάθηςJonathan πρεσβεύεται πρὸς αὐτὸν περὶ φιλίας καὶ συμμαχίας , ὅπως ἀποδῶσιν ἀλλήλοις οὓς εἰλήφασιν αἰχμαλώτους ἑκάτεροι .
³² When Jonathan understood these his intentions, he sent ambassadors to him about a league of friendship and mutual assistance, and that they might restore those they had taken captive on both sides.	³² When Jonathan learned of his intentions, he sent envoys to him about friendship and military alliance and a return of prisoners on both sides.
³² Barach

³³ νομίσας δὲ ταύτην εὐπρεπεστάτην ὁ ΒακχίδηςBacchides τὴν‎ ἀναχώρησινa retreat; to go back σπένδεται πρὸς τὸν ἸωνάθηνJonathan φιλίαν , καὶ ὤμοσαν μὴ στρατεύσειν ἔτι κατ᾽ ἀλλήλων , καὶ τούς τε αἰχμαλώτους ἀποδοὺς καὶ τοὺς οἰκείους κομισάμενος ὑπέστρεψεν εἰς ἈντιόχειανAntioch πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα καὶ μετὰ ταύτην τὴν‎ ἀναχώρησινa retreat; to go back οὐκέτι εἰς τὴν‎ ἸουδαίανJudea ἐνέβαλεν .
³³ So Bacchides thought this a pretty decent way of retiring home, and made a league of friendship with Jonathan, when they sware that they would not any more make war one against another. Accordingly, he restored the captives, and took his own men with him, and returned to the king at Antioch; and after this his departure, he never came into Judea again.	³³ Bacchides thought this a decent way out of the situation and made a pact of friendship with Jonathan, where they swore to make no more war on each other; and returning the prisoners he took his men with him and returned to the king in Antioch, and after his departure, never came into Judea again.
³³ Barach

³⁴ ὁ δὲ ἸωνάθηςJonathan ταύτης τῆς ἀδείας λαβόμενος καὶ ποιούμενος ἐν ΜαχμᾶMachma πόλει τὴν‎ δίαιταν αὐτόθι τοῖς ὄχλοις διεῖπε τὰ πράγματα καὶ τοὺς πονηροὺς καὶ ἀσεβεῖς κολάζων ἐκάθηρεν οὕτως ἀπὸ τούτων τὸ ἔθνος .
³⁴ Then did Jonathan take the opportunity of this quiet state of things, and went and lived in the city Michmash; and there governed the multitude, and punished the wicked and ungodly, and by that means purged the nation of them.	³⁴ Jonathan availed of the peace and went to live in the city of Machma, and there ruled the affairs of the people and punished the wicked and ungodly and so purged the nation of them.
³⁴ Barach

Chapter 2
[035-061]
Alexander Bala appoints Jonathan high priest,
though Demetrius also tries to have his ally.
Demetrius' death

☜ ☞

³⁵ Ἔτει δ᾽ ἑξηκοστῷ καὶ ἑκατοστῷ τὸν ἈντιόχουAntiochus τοῦ ἘπιφανοῦςEpiphanes υἱὸν ἈλέξανδρονAlexander ἀναβάντα εἰς ΣυρίανSyria συνέβη καταλαβέσθαι ΠτολεμαίδαPtolemais ἐκ προδοσίας τῶν ἔνδον στρατιωτῶν · ἀπεχθῶς γὰρ εἶχον πρὸς τὸν ΔημήτριονDemetrius διὰ τὴν‎ ὑπερηφανίαν αὐτοῦ‎ καὶ τὸ δυσέντευκτον .
³⁵ Now in the hundred and sixtieth year, it fell out that Alexander, the son of Antiochus Epiphanes, came up into Syria, and took Ptolemais the soldiers within having betrayed it to him; for they were at enmity with Demetrius, on account of his insolence and difficulty of access;	³⁵ In the hundred and sixtieth year, Alexander, the son of Antiochus Epiphanes, came up into Syria and took Ptolemais. The soldiers inside betrayed it to him in their disaffection from Demetrius for his contempt and surliness.
³⁵ Barach

³⁶ ἀποκλείσας γὰρ αὑτὸν εἰς τετραπύργιόν τι βασίλειον , ὃ κατεσκεύασεν αὐτὸς οὐκ ἄπωθεν τῆς ἈντιοχείαςAntioch , οὐδένα προσίετο , ἀλλὰ περὶ τὰ πράγματα ῥάθυμος ἦν καὶ ὀλίγωρος , ὅθεν αὐτῷ καὶ μᾶλλον τὸ παρὰ τῶν ὑποτεταγμένων μῖσος ἐξήφθη , καθὼς ἤδη καὶ ἐν ἄλλοις δεδηλώκαμεν .
³⁶ for he shut himself up in a palace of his that had four towers which he had built himself, not far from Antioch and admitted nobody. He was withal slothful and negligent about the public affairs, whereby the hatred of his subjects was the more kindled against him, as we have elsewhere already related.	³⁶ He had shut himself up in a palace with four towers which he had built for himself near Antioch, and admitted no one, and was slothful and negligent about the public affairs, all of which brought on him the hatred of his subjects, as we have already reported elsewhere.
³⁶ Barach

³⁷ γενόμενον οὖν ἐν ΠτολεμαίδιPtolemais τὸν ἈλέξανδρονAlexander ἀκούσας ὁ ΔημήτριοςDemetrius ἦγεν ἅπασαν ἀναλαβὼν ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν τὴν‎ δύναμιν . ἔπεμψεν δὲ καὶ πρὸς ἸωνάθηνJonathan πρέσβεις περὶ συμμαχίας καὶ εὐνοίας · φθάσαι γὰρ τὸν ἈλέξανδρονAlexander διέγνω , μὴ προδιαλεχθεὶς ἐκεῖνος αὐτῷ σχῇ τὴν‎ παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ βοήθειαν .
³⁷ When therefore Demetrius heard that Alexander was in Ptolemais, he took his whole army, and led it against him; he also sent ambassadors to Jonathan about a league of mutual assistance and friendship, for he resolved to be beforehand with Alexander, lest the other should treat with him first, and gain assistance from him;	³⁷ When Demetrius heard that Alexander was in Ptolemais, he took his whole army and led it against him, also sending envoys to Jonathan about a pact of alliance and friendship, for he decided to forestall Alexander in case the other should treat with him first and become his ally.
³⁷ Barach

³⁸ τοῦτο δ᾽ ἐποίει φοβηθείς , μὴ μνησικακήσας ὁ ἸωνάθηςJonathan αὐτῷ τῆς ἔχθρας συνεπιθῆται . προσέταξεν οὖν αὐτῷ συναθροίζειν δύναμιν καὶ κατασκευάζειν ὅπλα καὶ τοὺς ὁμήρους , οὓς τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews ἐνέκλεισε ΒακχίδηςBacchides ἐν τῇ ἄκρᾳ τῶν ἹεροσολύμωνJerusalem , ἀπολαβεῖν .
³⁸ and this he did out of the fear he had lest Jonathan should remember how ill Demetrius had formerly treated him, and should join with him in this war against him. He therefore gave orders that Jonathan should be allowed to raise an army, and should get armor made, and should receive back those hostages of the Jewish nation whom Bacchides had shut up in the citadel of Jerusalem.	³⁸ This he did for fear that Jonathan might remember how badly he had treated him before, and take sides against him. So he gave orders that Jonathan be allowed to raise an army and have weapons made and receive back the Jewish hostages whom Bacchides had shut up in the citadel in Jerusalem.
³⁸ Barach

³⁹ τοιούτων οὖν αὐτῷ τῶν παρὰ ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius προσπεσόντων ὁ ἸωνάθηςJonathan παραγενόμενος εἰς τὰ ἹεροσόλυμαJerusalem τὴν‎ ἐπιστολὴν ἀνέγνω τοῦ βασιλέως ἀκουόντων τοῦ τε λαοῦ καὶ τῶν φρουρούντων τὴν‎ ἀκρόπολιν .
³⁹ When this good fortune had befallen Jonathan, by the concession of Demetrius, he came to Jerusalem, and read the king’s letter in the audience of the people, and of those that kept the citadel.	³⁹ When these concessions offered by Demetrius were told to Jonathan he came to Jerusalem and read the king's letter in the hearing of the people and of the garrison in the citadel.
³⁹ Barach

⁴⁰ ἀναγνωσθέντων δὲ τούτων οἱ ἀσεβεῖς καὶ φυγάδες οἱ ἐκ τῆς ἀκροπόλεως λίαν ἔδεισαν ἐπιτετροφότος ἸωνάθῃJonathan τοῦ βασιλέως στρατιὰν συλλέγειν καὶ τοὺς ὁμήρους ἀπολαβεῖν . ὁ δὲ τοῖς γονεῦσιν ἑκάστῳ τὸν ἴδιον ἀπέδωκεν .
⁴⁰ When these were read, these wicked men and deserters, who were in the citadel, were greatly afraid, upon the king’s permission to Jonathan to raise an army, and to receive back the hostages. So he delivered every one of them to his own parents.	⁴⁰ When it was read, the rogues and fugitives in the citadel were alarmed by the king's permission to Jonathan to raise an army and to get back the hostages; and he restored all of them to their own parents.
⁴⁰ Barach

⁴¹ καὶ οὕτως μὲν ἸωνάθηςJonathan ἐν ἹεροσολύμοιςJerusalem τὴν‎ μονὴν ἐποιεῖτο καινίζων τὰ κατὰ τὴν‎ πόλιν καὶ πρὸς τὴν‎ αὐτοῦ‎ βούλησιν κατασκευάζων ἕκαστον . ἐκέλευσε γὰρ οἰκοδομηθῆναι καὶ τὰ τείχη τῆς πόλεως ἐκ λίθων τετραγώνων , ὡς ἂν ᾖ καὶ πρὸς τοὺς πολέμους ἀσφαλέστερα .
⁴¹ And thus did Jonathan make his abode at Jerusalem, renewing the city to a better state, and reforming the buildings as he pleased; for he gave orders that the walls of the city should be rebuilt with square stones, that it might be more secure from their enemies.	⁴¹ In this way Jonathan came to live in Jerusalem, reviving the city and restoring the buildings as he pleased, for he ordered that the walls of the city be rebuilt with square stones, to be more secure from their enemies.
⁴¹ Barach

⁴² ταῦτα δ᾽ ὁρῶντες οἱ τῶν φρουρίων τῶν ἐν τῇ ἸουδαίᾳJudea φύλακες ἐκλιπόντες αὐτὰ πάντες ἔφυγον εἰς ἈντιόχειανAntioch πάρεξ τῶν ἐν ΒαιθσούρᾳBethsura πόλει καὶ τῶν ἐν τῇ ἄκρᾳ τῶν ἹεροσολύμωνJerusalem · οὗτοι γὰρ ἡ πλείων μοῖρα τῶν ἀσεβῶν καὶ πεφευγότων ἸουδαίωνJews ἦσαν καὶ διὰ τοῦτο τὰς φρουρὰς οὐκ ἐγκατέλιπον .
⁴² And when those that kept the garrisons that were in Judea saw this, they all left them, and fled to Antioch, excepting those that were in the city Bethsura, and those that were in the citadel of Jerusalem, for the greater part of these was of the wicked Jews and deserters, and on that account these did not deliver up their garrisons.	⁴² When those who held the strongholds in Judea saw this, they all left them and fled to Antioch, except those in the city of Bethsura and in the citadel of Jerusalem, for the greater part of these were rogue Jews and deserters, unwilling to surrender their strongholds.
⁴² Barach

⁴³ Γνοὺς δὲ ὁ ἈλέξανδροςAlexander τάς τε ὑποσχέσεις , ἃς ἐποιήσατο ΔημήτριοςDemetrius πρὸς ἸωνάθηνJonathan , καὶ τὴν‎ ἀνδρείαν αὐτοῦ‎ καὶ ὁπόσαhow great, how much διέθηκεν πολεμῶν τοὺς ΜακεδόναςMacedonians καὶ πάλιν οἷα πεπονθὼς αὐτὸς εἴη ὑπὸ ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius καὶ ΒακχίδουBacchides τοῦ ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius στρατηγοῦ , σύμμαχον οὐκ ἂν εὑρεῖν ἸωνάθουJonathan ἀμείνω πρὸς τοὺς φίλους ἔλεγεν ἐν τῷ παρόντι καιρῷ , ὃς καὶ πρὸς τοὺς πολέμους ἐστὶν ἀνδρεῖος , καὶ μῖσος οἰκεῖον ἔχει πρὸς ΔημήτριονDemetrius πολλὰ πεπονθὼς ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ κακὰ καὶ πεποιηκώς .
⁴³ When Alexander knew what promises Demetrius had made Jonathan, and withal knew his courage, and what great things he had done when he fought the Macedonians, and besides what hardships he had undergone by the means of Demetrius, and of Bacchides, the general of Demetrius’s army, he told his friends that he could not at present find any one else that might afford him better assistance than Jonathan, who was both courageous against his enemies, and had a particular hatred against Demetrius, as having both suffered many hard things from him, and acted many hard things against him.	⁴³ When Alexander learned of the promises Demetrius had made to Jonathan and of his courage and all he had done in the war against the Macedonians and the hardships he had endured from Demetrius and his general Bacchides, he told his friends that he could not at present find any braver ally in war than Jonathan, who deeply hated Demetrius for all he had suffered from him and the wrongs done by him.
⁴³ Barach

⁴⁴ εἰ τοιγαροῦν δοκεῖ φίλον ποιεῖσθαι αὐτὸν κατὰ ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius , νῦν ἐστιν οὐκ ἄλλοτε χρησιμώτερον παρακαλεῖν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὴν‎ συμμαχίαν . δόξαν οὖν αὐτῷ καὶ τοῖς φίλοις πέμπειν πρὸς τὸν ἸωνάθηνJonathan γράφει τοιαύτην ἐπιστολήν ·
⁴⁴ If therefore they were of opinion that they should make him their friend against Demetrius, it was more for their advantage to invite him to assist them now than at another time. It being therefore determined by him and his friends to send to Jonathan, he wrote to him this epistle:	⁴⁴ "So if we decide to make him our friend against Demetrius, there is no better time than now to invite him into alliance." When he and his friends decided to send to Jonathan, he wrote him this letter:
⁴⁴ Barach

⁴⁵ " βασιλεὺς ἈλέξανδροςAlexander ἸωνάθῃJonathan τῷ ἀδελφῷ χαίρειν . τὴν‎ μὲν ἀνδρείαν σου καὶ πίστιν ἀκηκόαμεν πάλαι καὶ διὰ τοῦτο πεπόμφαμεν πρὸς σὲ περὶ φιλίας καὶ συμμαχίας . χειροτονοῦμεν δέ σε σήμερον ἀρχιερέα τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews καὶ φίλον ἐμὸν καλεῖσθαι . ἀπέσταλκά σοι καὶ δωρεὰς στολὴν πορφυρᾶν καὶ στέφανον χρύσεον καὶ παρακαλῶ τιμηθέντα ὑφ᾽ ἡμῶν ὅμοιον γίνεσθαι περὶ ἡμᾶς ."
⁴⁵ “King Alexander to his brother Jonathan, sendeth greeting. We have long ago heard of thy courage and thy fidelity, and for that reason have sent to thee, to make with thee a league of friendship and mutual assistance. We therefore do ordain thee this day the high priest of the Jews, and that thou beest called my friend. I have also sent thee, as presents, a purple robe and a golden crown, and desire that, now thou art by us honored, thou wilt in like manner respect us also.”	⁴⁵ "King Alexander to his brother Jonathan, greetings. We have already heard of your courage and your fidelity and so we send to you to make a pact of friendship and military alliance with you. We therefore appoint you this day as high priest of the Jews with the right to be called my friend. I have also sent you gifts of a purple robe and a golden crown and hope that as you are honoured by us, you will likewise respect us too."
⁴⁵ Barach

⁴⁶ Δεξάμενος δὲ ὁ ἸωνάθηςJonathan τὴν‎ ἐπιστολὴν ἐνδύεται μὲν τὴν‎ ἱερατικὴν στολὴν τῆς Ἐνστάσης μετὰ ἔτη τέσσαρα ἢ τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ‎ ἸούδανJudas ἀποθανεῖν · καὶ γὰρ οὐδὲ κατὰ τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον ἀρχιερεύς τις ἐγεγόνει · συνάγει δὲ δύναμιν πολλὴν καὶ πλῆθος ὅπλων ἐχάλκευεν .
⁴⁶ When Jonathan had received this letter, he put on the pontifical robe at the time of the feast of tabernacles, four years after the death of his brother Judas, for at that time no high priest had been made. So he raised great forces, and had abundance of armor got ready.	⁴⁶ On receipt of this letter, Jonathan donned the priestly robe at the time of the feast of tents, four years after the death of his brother Judas, for since that time no high priest had been appointed, and he raised a large force and had much armour forged.
⁴⁶ Barach

⁴⁷ ΔημήτριονDemetrius δὲ σφόδρα ταῦτ᾽ ἐλύπησεν μαθόντα καὶ τῆς βραδυτῆτος ἑαυτὸν ἐποίησεν αἰτιᾶσθαι , ὅτι μὴ προλαβὼν ἈλέξανδρονAlexander αὐτὸς ἐφιλανθρωπεύσατο τὸν ἸωνάθηνJonathan , ἀλλ᾽ ἐκείνῳ καταλίποι καιρὸν εἰς τοῦτο . γράφει τοίνυν καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπιστολὴν τῷ ἸωνάθῃJonathan καὶ τῷ δήμῳ δηλοῦσαν τάδε ·
⁴⁷ This greatly grieved Demetrius when he heard of it, and made him blame himself for his slowness, that he had not prevented Alexander, and got the good-will of Jonathan, but had given him time so to do. However, he also himself wrote a letter to Jonathan, and to the people, the contents whereof are these:	⁴⁷ Demetrius was greatly saddened to hear of it and blamed himself for his slowness, for not forestalling Alexander and winning Jonathan's goodwill, but leaving the other time to do so. But he too wrote a letter to Jonathan and the people, as follows.
⁴⁷ Barach

⁴⁸ " βασιλεὺς ΔημήτριοςDemetrius ἸωνάθῃJonathan καὶ τῷ ἔθνει τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews χαίρειν . ἐπειδὴ διετηρήσατε τὴν‎ πρὸς ἡμᾶς φιλίαν καὶ πειράσασιν ὑμᾶς τοῖς ἐμοῖς ἐχθροῖς οὐ προσέθεσθε , καὶ ταύτην μὲν ὑμῶν ἐπαινῶ τὴν‎ πίστιν καὶ παρακαλῶ δὲ τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἐμμένειν ἀποληψομένους ἀμοιβὰς παρ᾽ ἡμῶν καὶ χάριτας .
⁴⁸ “King Demetrius to Jonathan, and to the nation of the Jews, sendeth greeting. Since you have preserved your friendship for us, and when you have been tempted by our enemies, you have not joined yourselves to them, I both commend you for this your fidelity, and exhort you to continue in the same disposition, for which you shall be repaid, and receive rewards from us;	⁴⁸ "King Demetrius to Jonathan and the Jewish nation, greetings. Since you have preserved your friendship with us and did not yield to temptation from our enemies to ally with them, I commend you for your fidelity and urge you to continue in the same spirit, for which you will be repaid and rewarded by us.
⁴⁸ Barach

⁴⁹ τοὺς γὰρ πλείστους ὑμῶν ἀνήσω τῶν φόρων καὶ τῶν συντάξεων , ἃς ἐτελεῖτε τοῖς πρὸ ἐμοῦ βασιλεῦσιν καὶ ἐμοί , νῦν τε ὑμῖν ἀφίημι τοὺς φόρους , οὓς ἀεὶ παρέχετε . πρὸς τούτοις καὶ τὴν‎ τιμὴν ὑμῖν χαρίζομαι τῶν ἁλῶν καὶ τῶν στεφάνων , οὓς προσεφέρετε ἡμῖν , καὶ ἀντὶ τῶν τρίτων τοῦ καρποῦ καὶ τοῦ ἡμίσους τοῦ ξυλίνου καρποῦ τὸ γινόμενον ἐμοὶ μέρος ὑμῖν ἀφίημι ἀπὸ τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας .
⁴⁹ for I will free you from the greatest part of the tributes and taxes which you formerly paid to the kings my predecessors, and to myself; and I do now set you free from those tributes which you have ever paid; and besides, I forgive you the tax upon salt, and the value of the crowns which you used to offer to me and instead of the third part of the fruits [of the field], and the half of the fruits of the trees, I relinquish my part of them from this day:	⁴⁹ I will exempt you from most of the tributes and taxes that you formerly paid to my royal predecessors and myself, and I now set you free from the age-old tributes you have paid. Besides, I exempt you the salt tax and the crowns which you used to present to me and from this day on I relinquish my right to a third of your produce and the half of the fruits of your trees.
⁴⁹ Barach

⁵⁰ καὶ ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς ἑκάστης ὃ ἔδει μοι δίδοσθαι τῶν ἐν τῇ ἸουδαίᾳJudea κατοικούντων καὶ τῶν τριῶν τοπαρχιῶν τῶν τῇ ἸουδαίᾳJudea προσκειμένων ΣαμαρείαςSamaria καὶ ΓαλιλαίαςGalilee καὶ ΠεραίαςPerea , τούτους παραχωρῶ ὑμῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν εἰς τὸν ἅπαντα χρόνον .
⁵⁰ and as to the poll-money, which ought to be given me for every head of the inhabitants of Judea, and of the three toparchies that adjoin to Judea, Samaria, and Galilee, and Perea, that I relinquish to you for this time, and for all time to come.	⁵⁰ I also relinquish now and for all time to come the poll-tax due to me from the people of Judea and the three regions adjoining Judea, Samaria and Galilee and Perea.
⁵⁰ Barach

⁵¹ καὶ τὴν‎ ἹεροσολυμιτῶνJerusalem πόλιν ἱερὰν καὶ ἄσυλον εἶναι βούλομαι καὶ ἐλευθέραν ἕως τῶν ὅρωνto see αὐτῆς ἀπὸ τῆς δεκάτης καὶ τῶν τελῶν . τὴν‎ δὲ ἄκραν ἐπιτρέπω τῷ ἀρχιερεῖ ὑμῶν ἸωνάθῃJonathan , οὓς δ᾽ ἂν αὐτὸς δοκιμάσῃ πιστοὺς καὶ φίλους τούτους ἐν αὐτῇ φρουροὺς καταστῆσαι , ἵνα φυλάσσωσιν ἡμῖν αὐτήν .
⁵¹ I will also that the city of Jerusalem be holy and inviolable, and free from the tithe, and from the taxes, unto its utmost bounds. And I so far recede from my title to the citadel, as to permit Jonathan your high priest to possess it, that he may place such a garrison in it as he approves of for fidelity and good-will to himself, that they may keep it for us.	⁵¹ I also intend to leave the city of Jerusalem out to its furthest boundaries holy and inviolable and free from the tithe and the taxes. I also cede my right to the citadel, and allow your high priest Jonathan to occupy it and place there a garrison that he considers faithful and loyal to himself, and guard it for us.
⁵¹ Barach

⁵² καὶ ἸουδαίωνJews δὲ τοὺς αἰχμαλωτισθέντας καὶ δουλεύοντας ἐν τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ ἀφίημι ἐλευθέρους . κελεύω δὲ μηδὲ ἀγγαρεύεσθαι τὰ ἸουδαίωνJews ὑποζύγια · τὰ δὲ σάββατα καὶ ἑορτὴν ἅπασαν καὶ τρεῖς καὶ πρὸ τῆς ἑορτῆς ἡμέρας ἔστωσαν ἀτελεῖς .
⁵² I also make free all those Jews who have been made captives and slaves in my kingdom. I also give order that the beasts of the Jews be not pressed for our service; and let their sabbaths, and all their festivals, and three days before each of them, be free from any imposition.	⁵² I set free all Jews who were prisoners and slaves in our kingdom and I order that the beasts of the Jews may not be commandeered and that their sabbaths and all their festivals and three days before each of them, be undisturbed.
⁵² Barach

⁵³ τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον καὶ τοὺς ἐν τῇ ἐμῇ κατοικοῦντας ἸουδαίουςJews ἐλευθέρους καὶ ἀνεπηρεάστουςfree from injury ἀφίημι , καὶ τοῖς στρατεύεσθαι μετ᾽ ἐμοῦ βουλομένοις ἐπιτρέπω καὶ μέχρις τρισμυρίων ἐξέστω τοῦτο · τῶν δ᾽ αὐτῶν , ὅποιto which place ἂν ἀπίωσι , τεύξονται ὧν καὶ τὸ ἐμὸν στράτευμα μεταλαμβάνει . καταστήσω δ᾽ αὐτῶν οὓς μὲν εἰς τὰ φρούρια , τινὰς δὲ περὶ τὴν‎ φυλακὴν τοὐμοῦ σώματος , καὶ ἡγεμόνας δὲ ποιήσω τῶν περὶ τὴν‎ ἐμὴν αὐλήν .
⁵³ In the same manner, I set free the Jews that are inhabitants of my kingdom, and order that no injury be done them. I also give leave to such of them as are willing to list themselves in my army, that they may do it, and those as far as thirty thousand; which Jewish soldiers, wheresoever they go, shall have the same pay that my own army hath; and some of them I will place in my garrisons, and some as guards about mine own body, and as rulers over those that are in my court.	⁵³ Likewise I set free the Jewish inhabitants of my kingdom and order that no harm be done to them and permit any of them who wish to do so to join my army, up to the number of thirty thousand. Wherever they go, these Jewish soldiers shall have the same pay as my own army and some of them I will place in my garrisons and some in my own bodyguard and as officers in my court.
⁵³ Barach

⁵⁴ ἐπιτρέπω δὲ καὶ τοῖς πατρῴοις χρῆσθαι νόμοις καὶ τούτους φυλάττειν , καὶ τοῖς τρισὶν τοῖς προσκειμένοις τῇ ἸουδαίᾳJudea νομοῖς ὑποτάσσεσθαι βούλομαι , καὶ τῷ ἀρχιερεῖ δὲ ἐπιμελὲς εἶναι , ἵνα μηδὲ εἷς ἸουδαῖοςJew ἄλλο ἔχῃ ἱερὸν προσκυνεῖν ἢ μόνον τὸ ἐν ἹεροσολύμοιςJerusalem .
⁵⁴ I give them leave also to use the laws of their forefathers, and to observe them; and I will that they have power over the three toparchies that are added to Judea; and it shall be in the power of the high priest to take care that no one Jew shall have any other temple for worship but only that at Jerusalem.	⁵⁴ I also permit them to follow and keep their ancestral laws and I will that they have power over the three areas that are added to Judea, and it shall be in the power of the high priest to see that no Jew shall have any other temple to worship in except that in Jerusalem.
⁵⁴ Barach

⁵⁵ δίδωμι δ᾽ ἐκ τῶν ἐμῶν καὶ εἰς τὴν‎ δαπάνην τῶν θυσιῶν κατ᾽ ἔτος μυριάδας πεντεκαίδεκα , τὰ δὲ περισσεύοντα τῶν χρημάτων ὑμέτερα εἶναι βούλομαι · τὰς δὲ μυρίας δραχμάς , ἃς ἐλάμβανον ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ οἱ βασιλεῖς , ὑμῖν ἀφίημι διὰ τὸ προσήκειν αὐτὰς τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν τοῖς λειτουργοῦσιν τῷ ἱερῷ .
⁵⁵ I bequeath also, out of my own revenues, yearly, for the expenses about the sacrifices, one hundred and fifty thousand [drachmae]; and what money is to spare, I will that it shall be your own. I also release to you those ten thousand drachmae which the kings received from the temple, because they appertain to the priests that minister in that temple.	⁵⁵ From my own revenues I grant you one hundred and fifty thousand yearly, toward the costs of the sacrifices, and if any of this money is left over shall be yours too. I also exempt you of the ten thousand drachmae which the kings used to receive from the temple, as they belong to the priests ministering in that temple.
⁵⁵ Barach

⁵⁶ καὶ ὅσοι δ᾽ ἂν φύγωσιν εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν τὸ ἐν ἹεροσολύμοιςJerusalem καὶ εἰς τὰ ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ χρηματίζοντα ἢ βασιλικὰ ὀφείλοντες χρήματα ἢ δι᾽ ἄλλην αἰτίαν , ἀπολελύσθωσαν οὗτοι καὶ τὰ ὑπάρχοντα αὐτοῖς σῶα ἔστω .
⁵⁶ And whosoever shall fly to the temple at Jerusalem, or to the places thereto belonging, or who owe the king money, or are there on any other account, let them be set free, and let their goods be in safety.	⁵⁶ Furthermore, whoever takes refuge in the Jerusalem temple, or any place belonging to it, due to money owed to the king, or on any other account, let them be set free and let their goods be secure.
⁵⁶ Barach

⁵⁷ ἐπιτρέπω δὲ καὶ ἀνακαινίζειν τὸ ἱερὸν καὶ οἰκοδομεῖν τῆς εἰς ταῦτα δαπάνης ἐκ τῶν ἐμῶν γινομένης , καὶ τὰ τείχη δὲ συγχωρῶ τὰ τῆς πόλεως οἰκοδομεῖσθαι καὶ πύργους ὑψηλοὺς ἐγείρειν καὶ ταῦτα ἐκ τῶν ἐμῶν ἀνιστᾶν πάντα . εἰ δέ τι καὶ φρούριόν ἐστιν , ὃ συμφέρει τῇ χώρᾳ τῇ ἸουδαίωνJews ὀχυρὸν εἶναι , καὶ τοῦτ᾽ ἐκ τῶν ἐμῶν κατασκευασθήτω ."
⁵⁷ I also give you leave to repair and rebuild your temple, and that all be done at my expenses. I also allow you to build the walls of your city, and to erect high towers, and that they be erected at my charge. And if there be any fortified town that would be convenient for the Jewish country to have very strong, let it be so built at my expenses.”	⁵⁷ Furthermore, I permit you to repair and rebuild your temple, all of it to be done at my expense, and you may build the walls of your city and raise high towers also at my expense. And if there be any fortress which it would benefit the land of the Jews to have strengthened, let it be done at my expense."
⁵⁷ Barach

⁵⁸ Ταῦτα μὲν ὑπισχνούμενος καὶ χαριζόμενος ἔγραψεν τοῖς ἸουδαίοιςJews ΔημήτριοςDemetrius . ἈλέξανδροςAlexander δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς δύναμιν μεγάλην συναγαγὼν μισθοφόρων καὶ τῶν προσθεμένων ἐκ τῆς ΣυρίαςSyria αὐτῷ στρατιωτῶν ἐπὶ τὸν ΔημήτριονDemetrius ἐστράτευσεν .
⁵⁸ This was what Demetrius promised and granted to the Jews by this letter. But king Alexander raised a great army of mercenary soldiers, and of those that deserted to him out of Syria, and made an expedition against Demetrius.	⁵⁸ These were the promises that Demetrius conceded to the Jews by this letter. But king Alexander raised a large army of mercenaries and men who deserted to him from Syria and marched against Demetrius.
⁵⁸ Barach

⁵⁹ καὶ μάχης γενομένης τὸ μὲν εὐώνυμον κέρας τοῦ ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius τρέπεται τοὺς ἐναντίους εἰς φυγὴν καὶ ἐδίωξεν ἄχρι πολλοῦ κτείνει τε συχνοὺς αὐτῶν καὶ διαρπάζει τὸ στρατόπεδον , τὸ δὲ δεξιόν , οὗ συνέβαινεν εἶναι τὸν ΔημήτριονDemetrius , ἡττᾶται .
⁵⁹ And when it was come to a battle, the left wing of Demetrius put those who opposed them to flight, and pursued them a great way, and slew many of them, and spoiled their camp; but the right wing, where Demetrius happened to be, was beaten;	⁵⁹ In the battle, the left wing of Demetrius put their opponents to flight and after a long pursuit killed many of them and spoiled their camp, but the right wing, where Demetrius happened to be, was defeated.
⁵⁹ Barach

⁶⁰ καὶ οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι πάντες ἔφυγον , ΔημήτριοςDemetrius δὲ γενναίως μαχόμενος οὐκ ὀλίγους μὲν ἀναιρεῖ τῶν πολεμίων , διώκων δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους ἐλαύνει τὸν ἵππον εἰς τέλμα βαθὺ καὶ δυσεκπόρευτον , ἔνθα συνέβη πεσόντος αὐτῷ τοῦ ἵππου μὴ δυνάμενον διαφυγεῖν ἀναιρεθῆναι .
⁶⁰ and as for all the rest, they ran away. But Demetrius fought courageously, and slew a great many of the enemy; but as he was in the pursuit of the rest, his horse carried him into a deep bog, where it was hard to get out, and there it happened, that upon his horse’s falling down, he could not escape being killed;	⁶⁰ All the rest fled but Demetrius fought bravely on and killed many of the enemy, but as he was following the others his horse carried him into a deep, impassable bog, and there, once his horse fell, he could not avoid being killed.
⁶⁰ Barach

⁶¹ τὸ γὰρ συμβεβηκὸς περὶ αὐτὸν ἰδόντες οἱ πολέμιοι ἀνέστρεψαν καὶ κυκλωσάμενοι τὸν ΔημήτριονDemetrius πάντες ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν ἠκόντιζον . ὁ δὲ πεζὸς ὢν γενναίως ἀπεμάχετο , καὶ τελευταῖον τραύματα λαβὼν πολλὰ καὶ μηκέτ᾽ ἀντέχειν δυνάμενος κατέπεσεν . Καὶ τέλος μὲν τοιοῦτον τὸν ΔημήτριονDemetrius κατέλαβεν ἔτη βασιλεύσαντα ἕνδεκα , ὡς καὶ ἐν ἄλλοις δεδηλώκαμεν .
⁶¹ for when his enemies saw what had befallen him, they returned back, and encompassed Demetrius round, and they all threw their darts at him; but he, being now on foot, fought bravely. But at length he received so many wounds, that he was not able to bear up any longer, but fell. And this is the end that Demetrius came to, when he had reigned eleven years, as we have elsewhere related.	⁶¹ For when his enemies saw what had happened to him, they turned and surrounded Demetrius and all cast spears at him. Being now on foot, he fought bravely but finally received so many wounds that he could no longer fight, but fell. This is the end of Demetrius after he had ruled for eleven years, as we have said elsewhere.
⁶¹ Barach

Chapter 3
[062-079]
Onias befriends Ptolemy Philometor.
New Temple planned for Egypt

☜ ☞

⁶² Ὁ δὲ ὈνίουOnias τοῦ ἀρχιερέως υἱὸς ὁμώνυμοςhaving the same name δὲ ὢν τῷ πατρί , ὃς ἐν ἈλεξανδρείᾳAlexandria φυγὼν πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα ΠτολεμαῖονPtolemy τὸν ἐπικαλούμενον ΦιλομήτοραPhilometor διῆγεν , ὡς καὶ πρότερον εἰρήκαμεν , ἰδὼν τὴν‎ ἸουδαίανJudea κακουμένην ὑπὸ τῶν ΜακεδόνωνMacedonians καὶ τῶν βασιλέων αὐτῶν ,
⁶² But then the son of Onias the high priest, who was of the same name with his father, and who fled to king Ptolemy, who was called Philometor, lived now at Alexandria, as we have said already. When this Onias saw that Judea was oppressed by the Macedonians and their kings,	⁶² But then the son of Onias the high priest, of the same name as his father, fled to king Ptolemy, surnamed Philometor, and now lived in Alexandria, as already said. When he saw how Judea was oppressed by the Macedonians and their kings,
⁶² Barach

⁶³ βουλόμενος αὑτῷ δόξαν καὶ μνήμην αἰώνιον κατασκευάσαι , διέγνω πέμψας πρὸς ΠτολεμαῖονPtolemy τὸν βασιλέα καὶ τὴν‎ βασίλισσαν ΚλεοπάτρανCleopatra αἰτήσασθαι παρ᾽ αὐτῶν ἐξουσίαν , ὅπως οἰκοδομήσειεν ναὸν ἐν ΑἰγύπτῳEgypt παραπλήσιον τῷ ἐν ἹεροσολύμοιςJerusalem καὶ ΛευίταςLevites καὶ ἱερεῖς ἐκ τοῦ ἰδίου γένους καταστήσῃ .
⁶³ out of a desire to purchase to himself a memorial and eternal fame he resolved to send to king Ptolemy and queen Cleopatra, to ask leave of them that he might build a temple in Egypt like to that at Jerusalem, and might ordain Levites and priests out of their own stock.	⁶³ wanting to win a name and eternal fame for himself he decided to send to king Ptolemy and queen Cleopatra, asking their permission to build a temple in Egypt like that in Jerusalem and to appoint Levites and priests from their own race.
⁶³ Barach

⁶⁴ τοῦτο δ᾽ ἐβούλετο θαρρῶν μάλιστα τῷ προφήτῃ ἩσαίᾳIsaias , ὃς ἔμπροσθεν ἔτεσιν ἑξακοσίοις πλέον γεγονὼς προεῖπεν , ὡς δεῖ πάντως ἐν ΑἰγύπτῳEgypt οἰκοδομηθῆναι ναὸν τῷ μεγίστῳ θεῷ ὑπ᾽ ἀνδρὸς ἸουδαίουJew . διὰ ταῦτα οὖν ἐπηρμένος ὈνίαςOnias γράφει ΠτολεμαίῳPtolemy καὶ ΚλεοπάτρᾳCleopatra τοιαύτην ἐπιστολήν ·
⁶⁴ The chief reason why he was desirous so to do, was, that he relied upon the prophet Isaiah, who lived above six hundred years before, and foretold that there certainly was to be a temple built to Almighty God in Egypt by a man that was a Jew. Onias was elevated with this prediction, and wrote the following epistle to Ptolemy and Cleopatra:	⁶⁴ He wanted to do so, especially relying on the prophet Isaias, who had foretold more than six hundred years earlier that by all means there would be a temple built in Egypt to Almighty God by a Jewish man. Buoyed up by this prediction Onias wrote the following letter to Ptolemy and Cleopatra:
⁶⁴ Barach

⁶⁵ " πολλὰς καὶ μεγάλας ὑμῖν χρείας τετελεκὼς ἐν τοῖς κατὰ πόλεμον ἔργοις μετὰ τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ βοηθείας , καὶ γενόμενος ἔν τε τῇ ΚοίλῃCoele ΣυρίᾳSyria καὶ ΦοινίκῃPhoenicia , καὶ εἰς ΛεόντωνLion-city δὲ πόλιν τοῦ ἩλιοπολίτουHeliopolis σὺν τοῖς ἸουδαίοιςJews καὶ εἰς ἄλλους τόπους ἀφικόμενος τοῦ ἔθνους ,
⁶⁵ “Having done many and great things for you in the affairs of the war, by the assistance of God, and that in Celesyria and Phoenicia, I came at length with the Jews to Leontopolis, and to other places of your nation,	⁶⁵ "Having by God's help done you many great services in Coele-Syria and Phoenicia during the war, I finally came with the Jews to Heliopolis, the city of lions, and to other places of your nation.
⁶⁵ Barach

⁶⁶ καὶ πλείστους εὑρὼν παρὰ τὸ καθῆκον ἔχοντας ἱερὰ καὶ διὰ τοῦτο δύσνους ἀλλήλοις , ὃ καὶ ΑἰγυπτίοιςEgyptian συμβέβηκεν διὰ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν ἱερῶν καὶ τὸ περὶ τὰς θρησκείας οὐχ ὁμόδοξον , ἐπιτηδειότατον εὑρὼν τόπον ἐν τῷ προσαγορευομένῳ τῆς ἀγρίας ΒουβάστεωςBubastis ὀχυρώματι βρύοντα ποικίλης ὕλης καὶ τῶν ἱερῶν ζῴων μεστόν ,
⁶⁶ where I found that the greatest part of your people had temples in an improper manner, and that on this account they bare ill-will one against another, which happens to the Egyptians by reason of the multitude of their temples, and the difference of opinions about divine worship. Now I found a very fit place in a castle that hath its name from the country Diana; this place is full of materials of several sorts, and replenished with sacred animals;	⁶⁶ There I found that most of your people have unsuitable sanctuaries and for this reason are hostile to each other, which affects the Egyptians because of the number of their temples and their differing opinions about worship. Now I have found a most suitable place in a stronghold that is named after the district of Bubastis, a place rich in many kinds of materials and abounding in sacred animals.
⁶⁶ Barach

⁶⁷ δέομαι συγχωρῆσαί μοι τὸ ἀδέσποτον ἀνακαθάραντι ἱερὸν καὶ συμπεπτωκὸς οἰκοδομῆσαι ναὸν τῷ μεγίστῳ θεῷ καθ᾽ ὁμοίωσιν τοῦ ἐν ἹεροσολύμοιςJerusalem αὐτοῖς μέτροις ὑπὲρ σοῦ καὶ τῆς σῆς γυναικὸς καὶ τῶν τέκνων , ἵν᾽ ἔχωσιν οἱ τὴν‎ ΑἴγυπτονEgypt κατοικοῦντες ἸουδαῖοιJews εἰς αὐτὸ συνιόντες κατὰ τὴν‎ πρὸς ἀλλήλους ὁμόνοιαν ταῖς σαῖς ἐξυπηρετεῖν χρείαις ·
⁶⁷ I desire therefore that you will grant me leave to purge this holy place, which belongs to no master, and is fallen down, and to build there a temple to Almighty God, after the pattern of that in Jerusalem, and of the same dimensions, that may be for the benefit of thyself, and thy wife and children, that those Jews which dwell in Egypt may have a place whither they may come and meet together in mutual harmony one with another, and he subservient to thy advantages;	⁶⁷ I beg you to allow me to purge this holy place, which belongs to no one and is in disrepair, and build there a temple to Almighty God, modelled on the one in Jerusalem and of the same size, for the sake of yourself and your wife and children, that the Jews living in Egypt may have a place to come and meet together in mutual harmony with each other and be at your service.
⁶⁷ Barach

⁶⁸ καὶ γὰρ ἩσαίαςIsaias ὁ προφήτης τοῦτο προεῖπεν · ἔσται‎ θυσιαστήριον ἐν ΑἰγύπτῳEgypt κυρίῳ τῷ θεῷ · καὶ πολλὰ δὲ προεφήτευσεν ἄλλα τοιαῦτα διὰ τὸν τόπον ."
⁶⁸ for the prophet Isaiah foretold that, ‘there should be an altar in Egypt to the Lord God;’” and many other such things did he prophesy relating to that place.	⁶⁸ For the prophet Isaias foretold that there would be an altar in Egypt to the Lord God, and he prophesied many other such things about this place."
⁶⁸ Barach

⁶⁹ Καὶ ταῦτα μὲν ὁ ὈνίαςOnias τῷ βασιλεῖ ΠτολεμαίῳPtolemy γράφει . κατανοήσειε δ᾽ ἄν τις αὐτοῦ‎ τὴν‎ εὐσέβειαν καὶ ΚλεοπάτραςCleopatra τῆς ἀδελφῆς αὐτοῦ‎ καὶ γυναικὸς ἐξ ἧς ἀντέγραψαν ἐπιστολῆς · τὴν‎ γὰρ ἁμαρτίαν καὶ τὴν‎ τοῦ νόμου παράβασιν εἰς τὴν‎ ὈνίουOnias κεφαλὴν ἀνέθεσαν ·
⁶⁹ And this was what Onias wrote to king Ptolemy. Now any one may observe his piety, and that of his sister and wife Cleopatra, by that epistle which they wrote in answer to it; for they laid the blame and the transgression of the law upon the head of Onias. And this was their reply:	⁶⁹ This was what Onias wrote to king Ptolemy. We can see his piety and that of his sister and wife Cleopatra, by the letter they wrote in reply, for they laid on the head of Onias the blame for the transgression of the law.
⁶⁹ Barach

⁷⁰ ἀντέγραψαν γὰρ οὕτως · " βασιλεὺς ΠτολεμαῖοςPtolemy καὶ βασίλισσα ΚλεοπάτραCleopatra ὈνίᾳOnias χαίρειν . ἀνέγνωμέν σου τὴν‎ ἐπιστολὴν ἀξιοῦντος ἐπιτραπῆναί σοι τὸ ἐν ΛεόντωνLion-city πόλει τοῦ ἩλιοπολίτουHeliopolis ἱερὸν συμπεπτωκὸς ἀνακαθᾶραιto cleanse, purify , προσαγορευόμενον δὲ τῆς ἀγρίας ΒουβάστεωςBubastis . διὸ καὶ θαυμάζομεν , εἰ ἔσται‎ τῷ θεῷ κεχαρισμένον τὸ καθιδρυσόμενον ἱερὸν ἐν ἀσελγεῖ τόπῳ καὶ πλήρει ζῴων ἱερῶν .
⁷⁰ “King Ptolemy and queen Cleopatra to Onias, send greeting. We have read thy petition, wherein thou desirest leave to be given thee to purge that temple which is fallen down at Leontopolis, in the Nomus of Heliopolis, and which is named from the country Bubastis; on which account we cannot but wonder that it should be pleasing to God to have a temple erected in a place so unclean, and so full of sacred animals.	⁷⁰ This was their reply: "King Ptolemy and queen Cleopatra to Onias, greetings. We have read your petition, asking to be granted permission to re-purify the broken-down temple in the City of Lions in Heliopolis, which is named after the district of Bubastis, but we are amazed that it pleases God to have a temple built in a place so unclean and so full of sacred animals.
⁷⁰ Barach

⁷¹ ἐπεὶ δὲ σὺ φῂς ἩσαίανIsaias τὸν προφήτην ἐκ πολλοῦ χρόνου τοῦτο προειρηκέναι , συγχωροῦμέν σοι , εἰ μέλλει τοῦτ᾽ ἔσεσθαι κατὰ τὸν νόμον · ὥστε μηδὲν ἡμᾶς δοκεῖν εἰς τὸν θεὸν ἐξημαρτηκέναι ."
⁷¹ But since thou sayest that Isaiah the prophet foretold this long ago, we give thee leave to do it, if it may be done according to your law, and so that we may not appear to have at all offended God herein.”	⁷¹ But since you say that Isaias the prophet foretold this long ago, we give you leave to do it, if it can be done according to your law, so that we may not seem to offend God in any way in this matter."
⁷¹ Barach

⁷² Λαβὼν οὖν τὸν τόπον ὁ ὈνίαςOnias κατεσκεύασεν ἱερὸν καὶ βωμὸν τῷ θεῷ ὅμοιον τῷ ἐν ἹεροσολύμοιςJerusalem , μικρότερον δὲ καὶ πενιχρότερον . τὰ δὲ μέτρα αὐτοῦ‎ καὶ τὰ σκεύη νῦν οὐκ ἔδοξέ μοι δηλοῦν · ἐν γὰρ τῇ ἑβδόμῃ μου βίβλῳ τῶν ἸουδαικῶνJewish ἀναγέγραπται .
⁷² So Onias took the place, and built a temple, and an altar to God, like indeed to that in Jerusalem, but smaller and poorer. I do not think it proper for me now to describe its dimensions or its vessels, which have been already described in my seventh book of the Wars of the Jews.	⁷² So Onias took the place and erected a temple and an altar to God, similar to that in Jerusalem, but smaller and poorer. I do not think I need here describe its dimensions or its vessels, which are already described in my seventh book of the Judaic Wars.
⁷² Barach

⁷³ εὗρεν δὲ ὈνίαςOnias καὶ ἸουδαίουςJews τινὰς ὁμοίους αὐτῷ ἱερεῖς καὶ ΛευίταςLevites τοὺς ἐκεῖ θρησκεύσοντας . ἀλλὰ περὶ μὲν τοῦ ἱεροῦ τούτου ἀρκούντως ἡμῖν δεδήλωται .
⁷³ However, Onias found other Jews like to himself, together with priests and Levites, that there performed divine service. But we have said enough about this temple.	⁷³ Then Onias found some like-minded Jews and priests and Levites to worship God there. But we have said enough about this temple.
⁷³ Barach

⁷⁴ Τοὺς δ᾽ ἐν ἈλεξανδρείᾳAlexandria ἸουδαίουςJews καὶ ΣαμαρεῖςSamaritans , οἳ τὸ ἐν ΓαριζεὶνGarizim προσεκύνουν ἱερόν , κατὰ τοὺς ἈλεξάνδρουAlexander χρόνους συνέβη στασιάσαι πρὸς ἀλλήλους , καὶ περὶ τῶν ἱερῶν ἐπ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ ΠτολεμαίουPtolemy διεκρίνοντο , τῶν μὲν ἸουδαίωνJews λεγόντων κατὰ τοὺς ΜωυσέοςMoses νόμους ᾠκοδομῆσθαι τὸ ἐν ἹεροσολύμοιςJerusalem , τῶν δὲ ΣαμαρέωνSamaritans τὸ ἐν ΓαριζείνGarizim .
⁷⁴ Now it came to pass that the Alexandrian Jews, and those Samaritans who paid their worship to the temple that was built in the days of Alexander at Mount Gerizzim, did now make a sedition one against another, and disputed about their temples before Ptolemy himself; the Jews saying that, according to the laws of Moses, the temple was to be built at Jerusalem; and the Samaritans saying that it was to be built at Gerizzim.	⁷⁴ The Alexandrian Jews and the Samaritans who worshipped in the temple that was built at Mount Garizim in the days of Alexander, now came into conflict with each other and disputed about their temples in Ptolemy's presence, the Jews saying that according to the Mosaic Laws, the temple was to be built in Jerusalem, and the Samaritans saying it was to be built at Garizim.
⁷⁴ Barach

⁷⁵ παρεκάλεσάν τε σὺν τοῖς φίλοις καθίσαντα τὸν βασιλέα τοὺς περὶ τούτων ἀκοῦσαι λόγους καὶ τοὺς ἡττηθέντας θανάτῳ ζημιῶσαι . τὸν μὲν οὖν ὑπὲρ τῶν ΣαμαρέωνSamaritans λόγον ΣαββαῖοςSabbeus ἐποιήσατο καὶ ΘεοδόσιοςTheodosius , τοὺς δ᾽ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἹεροσολυμιτῶνJerusalem καὶ ἸουδαίωνJews ἈνδρόνικοςAndronicus ὁ ΜεσαλάμουMessalamus .
⁷⁵ They desired therefore the king to sit with his friends, and hear the debates about these matters, and punish those with death who were baffled. Now Sabbeus and Theodosius managed the argument for the Samaritans, and Andronicus, the son of Messalamus, for the people of Jerusalem;	⁷⁵ They asked the king in session with his friends to hear the debates about these matters and to punish the losers with death. Now Sabbeus and Theodosius managed the argument for the Samaritans and Andronicus, son of Messalamus, for the people of Jerusalem.
⁷⁵ Barach

⁷⁶ ὤμοσαν δὲ τὸν θεὸν καὶ τὸν βασιλέα ἦ μὴν ποιήσεσθαι τὰς ἀποδείξεις κατὰ τὸν νόμον , παρεκάλεσάν τε τὸν ΠτολεμαῖονPtolemy , ὅπως ὃν ἂν λάβῃ παραβαίνοντα τοὺς ὅρκους ἀποκτείνῃ . ὁ μὲν οὖν βασιλεὺς πολλοὺς τῶν φίλων εἰς συμβουλίαν παραλαβὼν ἐκάθισεν ἀκουσόμενος τῶν λεγόντων .
⁷⁶ and they took an oath by God and the king to make their demonstrations according to the law; and they desired of Ptolemy, that whomsoever he should find that transgressed what they had sworn to, he would put him to death. Accordingly, the king took several of his friends into the council, and sat down, in order to hear what the pleaders said.	⁷⁶ They swore on oath before God and the king to offer proofs according to the law, requesting Ptolemy to put to death anyone he found breaking these oaths. The king took many of his friends into the conference and sat to listen to the speakers.
⁷⁶ Barach

⁷⁷ οἱ δ᾽ ἐν τῇ ἈλεξανδρείᾳAlexandria τυγχάνοντες ἸουδαῖοιJews σφόδρα ἠγωνίων περὶ τῶν ἀνδρῶν , οἷς ἀγανακτεῖν περὶ τοῦ ἐν τοῖς ἹεροσολύμοιςJerusalem συνέβαινεν ἱεροῦ · χαλεπῶς γὰρ ἔφερον , εἰ τοῦτό τινες καταλύσουσιν οὕτως ἀρχαῖον καὶ διασημότατον τῶν κατὰ τὴν‎ οἰκουμένην ὑπάρχον .
⁷⁷ Now the Jews that were at Alexandria were in great concern for those men, whose lot it was to contend for the temple at Jerusalem; for they took it very ill that any should take away the reputation of that temple, which was so ancient and so celebrated all over the habitable earth.	⁷⁷ The Jews in Alexandria were very anxious about the men who would argue in defence of the temple in Jerusalem and would be badly offended if anyone sullied the reputation of so ancient a temple, celebrated all over the world.
⁷⁷ Barach

⁷⁸ τοῦ δὲ ΣαββαίουSabbeus καὶ ΘεοδοσίουTheodosius συγχωρησάντων τῷ ἈνδρονίκῳAndronicus πρώτῳ ποιήσασθαι τοὺς λόγους , ἤρξατο τῶν ἀποδείξεων ἐκ τοῦ νόμου καὶ τῶν διαδοχῶν τῶν ἀρχιερέων , ὡς ἕκαστος παρὰ πατρὸς τὴν‎ τιμὴν ἐκδεξάμενος ἦρξε τοῦ ναοῦ , καὶ ὅτι πάντες οἱ τῆς ἈσίαςAsia βασιλεῖς τὸ ἱερὸν ἐτίμησαν ἀναθήμασιν καὶ λαμπροτάταις δωρεαῖς , τοῦ δ᾽ ἐν ΓαριζεὶνGarizim ὡς οὐδὲ ὄντος οὐδεὶς λόγον οὐδ᾽ ἐπιστροφὴν ἐποιήσατο .
⁷⁸ Now when Sabbeus and Tlteodosius had given leave to Andronicus to speak first, he began to demonstrate out of the law, and out of the successions of the high priests, how they every one in succession from his father had received that dignity, and ruled over the temple; and how all the kings of Asia had honored that temple with their donations, and with the most splendid gifts dedicated thereto. But as for that at Gerizzm, he made no account of it, and regarded it as if it had never had a being.	⁷⁸ When Sabbeus and Theodosius allowed Andronicus to speak first, he set out to prove from the law and the successions of the high priests, each of them had received that dignity from his father and governed the temple, and how all the kings of Asia had honoured that temple with the splendid gifts they dedicated to it, while making no mention of the one in Garizim, as if it had never existed.
⁷⁸ Barach

⁷⁹ ταῦτα λέγων ἈνδρόνικοςAndronicus καὶ πολλὰ τούτοις ὅμοια πείθει τὸν βασιλέα κρῖναι μὲν κατὰ τοὺς ΜωυσέοςMoses νόμους οἰκοδομηθῆναι τὸ ἐν ἹεροσολύμοιςJerusalem ἱερόν , ἀποκτεῖναι δὲ τοὺς περὶ τὸν ΣαββαῖονSabbeus καὶ ΘεοδόσιονTheodosius . Καὶ τὰ μὲν γενόμενα τοῖς ἐν ἈλεξανδρείᾳAlexandria ἸουδαίοιςJews κατὰ ΠτολεμαῖονPtolemy τὸν ΦιλομήτοραPhilometor ταῦτα ἦν .
⁷⁹ By this speech, and other arguments, Andronicus persuaded the king to determine that the temple at Jerusalem was built according to the laws of Moses, and to put Sabbeus and Theodosius to death. And these were the events that befell the Jews at Alexandria in the days of Ptolemy Philometor.	⁷⁹ By this speech and other arguments, Andronicus persuaded the king to decide that the temple in Jerusalem was built according to the Mosaic laws, and to put Sabbeus and Theodosius to death. These things happened to the Jews in Alexandria in the days of Ptolemy Philometor.
⁷⁹ Barach

Chapter 4
[080-130]
Alexander reigns in Syria and honours Jonathan.
Honoured too, by Demetrius the younger

☜ ☞

⁸⁰ ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius δ᾽ ἀποθανόντος ἐν τῇ μάχῃ , καθὼς ἐπάνω δεδηλώκαμεν , ἈλέξανδροςAlexander τὴν‎ τῆς ΣυρίαςSyria παραλαβὼν βασιλείαν γράφει τῷ ΦιλομήτοριPhilometor ΠτολεμαίῳPtolemy μνηστευόμενος αὐτοῦ‎ πρὸς γάμον τὴν‎ θυγατέρα , δίκαιον εἶναι λέγων τῷ τὴν‎ πατρῴαν ἀρχὴν κομισαμένῳ καὶ διὰ τὴν‎ τοῦ θεοῦ πρόνοιαν εἰς αὐτὴν προαχθέντι καὶ κρατήσαντι ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius καὶ μηδὲ τἆλλα ἐσομένῳ τῆς πρὸς αὐτὸν οἰκειότητος ἀναξίῳ συνάψαι συγγένειαν .
⁸⁰ Demetrius being thus slain in battle, as we have above related, Alexander took the kingdom of Syria; and wrote to Ptolemy Philometor, and desired his daughter in marriage; and said it was but just that he should be joined an affinity to one that had now received the principality of his forefathers, and had been promoted to it by God’s providence, and had conquered Demetrius, and that was on other accounts not unworthy of being related to him.	⁸⁰ When Demetrius was killed in battle as we have said above, Alexander took over the kingdom of Syria, and wrote to Ptolemy Philometor asking for his daughter in marriage, and saying it was only right for him to be related to one who had now inherited the realm of his ancestors, promoted to it by God's providence, after defeating Demetrius, and in other respects was not unworthy of being related to him.
⁸⁰ Barach

⁸¹ ΠτολεμαῖοςPtolemy δὲ προσδεξάμενος ἡδέως τὴν‎ μνηστείαν ἀντιγράφει χαίρειν τε λέγων ἐπὶ τῷ τὴν‎ ἀρχὴν αὐτῷ πατρῴαν οὖσαν ἀπειληφέναιto receive from another , καὶ τὴν‎ θυγατέρα δώσειν ὑπισχνεῖται , ἀπαντᾶν δ᾽ αὐτὸν εἰς ΠτολεμαίδαPtolemais τὴν‎ θυγατέρα μέλλοντι ἄγειν ἐκέλευσεν · αὐτὸς γὰρ αὐτὴν μέχρι ταύτης παραπέμψειν ἀπ᾽ ΑἰγύπτουEgypt κἀκεῖ συνοικίσειν αὐτῷ τὴν‎ παῖδα .
⁸¹ Ptolemy received this proposal of marriage gladly; and wrote him an answer, saluting him on account of his having received the principality of his forefathers; and promising him that he would give him his daughter in marriage; and assured him that he was coming to meet him at Ptolemais, and desired that he would there meet him, for that he would accompany her from Egypt so far, and would there marry his child to him.	⁸¹ Ptolemy gladly received this proposal of marriage, and wrote in reply, saluting him for winning the realm of his ancestors, and promising to give him his daughter in marriage, assuring him that he would come to meet him at Ptolemais, where he asked him to meet him, as he would lead her up to there from Egypt, and would hold the girl's marriage there.
⁸¹ Barach

⁸² καὶ ΠτολεμαῖοςPtolemy μὲν ταῦτα γράψας παραγίνεται μετὰ σπουδῆς εἰς ΠτολεμαίδαPtolemais καὶ ΚλεοπάτρανCleopatra ἄγων τὴν‎ θυγατέρα . εὑρὼν δ᾽ ἐκεῖ τὸν ἈλέξανδρονAlexander καθὼς ἐπέστειλεν προαπηντηκότα δίδωσιν αὐτῷ τὴν‎ παῖδα καὶ φερνὴν ἄργυρόν τε καὶ χρυσὸν ὅσον εἰκὸς ἦν δοῦναι βασιλέα .
⁸² When Ptolemy had written thus, he came suddenly to Ptolemais, and brought his daughter Cleopatra along with him; and as he found Alexander there before him, as he desired him to come, he gave him his child in marriage, and for her portion gave her as much silver and gold as became such a king to give.	⁸² After writing this, Ptolemy came quickly to Ptolemais bringing with him his daughter Cleopatra and finding Alexander there before him, as he had requested, he gave him the girl in marriage and gave her a dowry of as much silver and gold as was fit for such a king.
⁸² Barach

⁸³ Τῶν δὲ γάμων ἐπιτελουμένων ἈλέξανδροςAlexander ἸωνάθῃJonathan τῷ ἀρχιερεῖ γράψας ἐκέλευσεν αὐτὸν ἥκειν εἰς ΠτολεμαίδαPtolemais . παραγενόμενος δὲ πρὸς τοὺς βασιλέας καὶ δωρησάμενος αὐτοὺς λαμπρᾶς τῆς παρ᾽ ἀμφοτέρων ἀπέλαυσε τιμῆς .
⁸³ When the wedding was over, Alexander wrote to Jonathan the high priest, and desired him to come to Ptolemais. So when he came to these kings, and had made them magnificent presents, he was honored by them both.	⁸³ After the wedding, Alexander wrote to the high priest Jonathan with instructions to come to Ptolemais. When he came to the kings he gave them magnificent gifts and was honoured by them both.
⁸³ Barach

⁸⁴ ἈλέξανδροςAlexander δ᾽ αὐτὸν ἠνάγκασεν καὶ ἀποδυσάμενον τὴν‎ οἰκείαν ἐσθῆτα λαβεῖν πορφύραν , καὶ συγκαθεσθῆναι ποιήσας αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος προσέταξεν τοὺς ἡγεμόνας εἰς μέσην μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ προελθόντας τὴν‎ πόλιν κηρῦξαι , μηδενὶ κατ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ λέγειν ἐφεῖσθαι μηδὲ παρέχειν αὐτῷ πράγματα .
⁸⁴ Alexander compelled him also to put off his own garment, and to take a purple garment, and made him sit with him in his throne; and commanded his captains that they should go with him into the middle of the city, and proclaim, that it was not permitted to any one to speak against him, or to give him any disturbance.	⁸⁴ Alexander also made him set aside his own garment and put on a purple garment and made him sit alongside him on the dais, and ordered his officers to go with him into the city centre and proclaim that no one was permitted to speak against him, or disturb him in any way.
⁸⁴ Barach

⁸⁵ τοῦτο δὲ ποιησάντων τῶν ἡγεμόνων ὁρῶντες τὴν‎ παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως κεκηρυγμένην ἸωνάθῃJonathan τιμὴν οἱ κατηγορεῖν παρεσκευασμένοι καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἀπεχθῶς ἔχοντες ἀπέδρασαν , μὴ καὶ προσλάβωσίν τι κακὸν δεδιότες . τοσαύτῃ δὲ σπουδῇ περὶ τὸν ἸωνάθηνJonathan ὁ βασιλεὺς ἈλέξανδροςAlexander ἐχρῆτο , ὥστ᾽ αὐτὸν καὶ πρῶτον ἀναγράψαι τῶν φίλων .
⁸⁵ And when the captains had thus done, those that were prepared to accuse Jonathan, and who bore him ill-will, when they saw the honor that was done him by proclamation, and that by the king’s order, ran away, and were afraid lest some mischief should befall them. Nay, king Alexander was so very kind to Jonathan, that he set him down as the principal of his friends.	⁸⁵ After the officers had done so, those who were prepared to accuse Jonathan and those who bore him ill-will ran away when they saw the honor that was done to him by the proclamation of the king's order. They were afraid that some harm might come upon them. And indeed king Alexander showed such favour to Jonathan that he set him up as the first of his friends.
⁸⁵ Barach

⁸⁶ Ἔτει δὲ πέμπτῳ καὶ ἑξηκοστῷ πρὸς τοῖς ἑκατὸν ΔημήτριοςDemetrius ὁ ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius μετὰ πολλῶν μισθοφόρων , οὓς παρέσχεν αὐτῷ ΛασθένηςLasthenes ὁ ΚρήςCrete , ἄρας ἀπὸ τῆς ΚρήτηςCretian κατέπλευσεν εἰς ΚιλικίανCilicia .
⁸⁶ But then, upon the hundred and sixty-fifth year, Demetrius, the son of Demetrius, came from Crete with a great number of mercenary soldiers, which Lasthenes, the Cretian, brought him, and sailed to Cilicia.	⁸⁶ But then, on the hundred and sixty-fifth year, Demetrius, the son of Demetrius, came from Crete with many mercenaries paid for by Lasthenes, the Cretian, and sailed to Cilicia.
⁸⁶ Barach

⁸⁷ τοῦτο δὲ ἈλέξανδρονAlexander ἀκούσαντα εἰς ἀγωνίαν καὶ ταραχὴν ἐνέβαλεν καὶ παραχρῆμα ἐκ τῆς ΦοινίκηςPhoenicia εἰς ἈντιόχειανAntioch ἔσπευσεν , ἵνα τὰ ἐκεῖ πρὶν ἢ ΔημήτριονDemetrius ἐλθεῖν ἀσφαλῶς θῆται .
⁸⁷ This thing cast Alexander into great concern and disorder when he heard it; so he made haste immediately out of Phoenicia, and came to Antioch, that he might put matters in a safe posture there before Demetrius should come.	⁸⁷ When he heard it, Alexander was thrown into anxiety and confusion and he hurried from Phoenicia to Antioch immediately, to secure it before Demetrius arrived.
⁸⁷ Barach

⁸⁸ κατέλιπεν δὲ τῆς κοίλης ΣυρίαςSyria ἈπολλώνιονApollonius τὸν ΤάονTaos ἡγεμόνα , ὃς μετὰ πολλῆς δυνάμεως εἰς ἸάμνειανJamneia ἐλθὼν ἔπεμψε πρὸς ἸωνάθηνJonathan τὸν ἀρχιερέα , λέγων ἄδικον εἶναι μόνον αὐτὸν ἐπ᾽ ἀδείας ζῆν καὶ μετὰ ἐξουσίας οὐχ ὑποτασσόμενον τῷ βασιλεῖ · τοῦτο δ᾽ αὐτῷ παρὰ πάντων ὄνειδος φέρειν , ὅτι μὴ ὑποτάξειεν αὐτὸν τῷ βασιλεῖ .
⁸⁸ He also left Apollonius Daus governor of Celesyria, who coming to Jamnia with a great army, sent to Jonathan the high priest, and told him that it was not right that he alone should live at rest, and with authority, and not be subject to the king; that this thing had made him a reproach among all men, that he had not yet made him subject to the king.	⁸⁸ As ruler of Coele-Syria, he left Apollonius Taos, who came with a large force to Jamneia and sent to the high priest Jonathan declaring that it was not right that he alone should live peacefully, with independant authority and not be subject to the king, and that he was mocked by everyone for not yet making him subject to the king.
⁸⁸ Barach

⁸⁹ μὴ τοίνυν σαυτὸν ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσιν καθήμενος ἐξαπάτα νομίζων ἰσχὺν ἔχειν , ἀλλ᾽ εἰ θαρρεῖς τῇ σαυτοῦ δυνάμει καταβὰς εἰς τὸ πεδίον τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ στρατιᾷ συγκρίθητι , καὶ τὸ τέλος τῆς νίκης ἐπιδείξει τὸν ἀνδρειότατον .
⁸⁹ “Do not thou therefore deceive thyself, and sit still among the mountains, and pretend to have forces with thee; but if thou hast any dependence on thy strength, come down into the plain, and let our armies be compared together, and the event of the battle will demonstrate which of us is the most courageous.	⁸⁹ "So do not deceive yourself and sit quietly among your mountains thinking yourself strong, but if you trust in your strength, come down to the plain and let our armies come to judgment and the outcome of the battle will show which of us is bravest.
⁸⁹ Barach

⁹⁰ ἴσθι μέντοι γε τοὺς ἀρίστους ἐξ ἑκάστης πόλεως ἐμοὶ συστρατεύεσθαι · καὶ γὰρ δὴ τοὺς σοὺς προγόνους οἱ ἀεὶ νικῶντές εἰσιν οὗτοι . ποιήσῃ δὲ τὸν πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἀγῶνα ἐν τοιαύτῃ γῇ , ἐν ᾗ λίθοις οὐκ ἔστιν ἀλλ᾽ ὅπλοις ἀμύνασθαι οὐδὲ τόπος εἰς ὃν ἡττώμενος φεύξῃ ."
⁹⁰ However, take notice, that the most valiant men of every city are in my army, and that these are the very men who have always beaten thy progenitors; but let us have the battle in such a place of the country where we may fight with weapons, and not with stones, and where there may be no place whither those that are beaten may fly.”	⁹⁰ Note that the most valiant men of every city are in my army, the very ones who have always defeated your ancestors, but let us have the battle in a part of the country where we can fight with weapons and not with stones and there is nowhere for the defeated to escape."
⁹⁰ Barach

⁹¹ Παροξυνθεὶς δ᾽ ἐπὶ τούτοις ὁ ἸωνάθηςJonathan μυρίους ἐπιλεξάμενος στρατιώτας ὥρμησεν ἐξ ἹεροσολύμωνJerusalem μετὰ καὶ ΣίμωνοςSimon τἀδελφοῦ , καὶ γενόμενος ἐν Ἰόππῃ στρατοπεδεύεται τῆς πόλεως ἔξω τῶν ἸοππηνῶνJoppa ἀποκλεισάντων αὐτῷ τὰς πύλας · φρουρὰν γὰρ ἔνδον εἶχον ὑπὸ ἈπολλωνίουApollonius κατασταθεῖσαν .
⁹¹ With this Jonathan was irritated; and choosing himself out ten thousand of his soldiers, he went out of Jerusalem in haste, with his brother Simon, and came to Joppa, and pitched his camp on the outside of the city, because the people of Joppa had shut their gates against him, for they had a garrison in the city put there by Apollonius.	⁹¹ Jonathan was furious at this and selecting ten thousand of his soldiers, he quickly left Jerusalem with his brother Simon and came to Joppa and encamped outside the city, because the people of Joppa had shut their gates against him, for Apollonius had placed a garrison in the city.
⁹¹ Barach

⁹² τοῦ δὲ ἸωνάθουJonathan πρὸς πολιορκίαν αὐτῶν παρασκευαζομένου , φοβηθέντες μὴ τὴν‎ πόλιν αὐτῶν ἐξέλῃ κατὰ κράτος ἀνοίγουσιν αὐτῷ τὰς πύλας . ὁ δὲ ἈπολλώνιοςApollonius ἀκούσας τὴν‎ ἸόππηνJoppa κατειλημμένην ὑπὸ τοῦ ἸωνάθουJonathan τρισχιλίους ἱππεῖς παραλαβὼν καὶ πεζοὺς ὀκτακισχιλίους εἰς ἌζωτονAzotus ἦλθεν κἀκεῖθεν ἄρας ἠρέμα καὶ βάδην ἐποιεῖτο τὴν‎ πορείαν , ἐλθὼν δ᾽ εἰς τὴν‎ ἸόππηνJoppa ἀναχωρῶν ἕλκει τὸν ἸωνάθηνJonathan εἰς τὸ πεδίον τῇ ἵππῳ καταφρονῶν καὶ τὰς τῆς νίκης ἐλπίδας ἔχων ἐν αὐτῇ .
⁹² But when Jonathan was preparing to besiege them, they were afraid he would take them by force, and so they opened the gates to him. But Apollonius, when he heard that Joppa was taken by Jonathan, took three thousand horsemen, and eight thousand footmen and came to Ashdod; and removing thence, he made his journey silently and slowly, and going up to Joppa, he made as if he was retiring from the place, and so drew Jonathan into the plain, as valuing himself highly upon his horsemen, and having his hopes of victory principally in them.	⁹² As Jonathan prepared to besiege them, they feared he would take them by force and so they opened the gates to him. But hearing that Joppa was taken by Jonathan, Apollonius took three thousand cavalry and eight thousand infantry and went to Azotus, and from there he travelled on silently and slowly. Reaching Joppa, he made as though to withdraw from the place and so drew Jonathan into the plain, confident of his cavalry and setting his hopes of victory mainly on them.
⁹² Barach

⁹³ προελθὼν δ᾽ ἸωνάθηςJonathan ἐδίωκεν εἰς ἌζωτονAzotus τὸν ἈπολλώνιονApollonius . ὁ δ᾽ , ὡς ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ συνέβη γενέσθαι τὸν πολέμιον , ὑποστρέψας εἰς μάχην αὐτῷ συνέβαλεν .
⁹³ However, Jonathan sallied out, and pursued Apollonius to Ashdod; but as soon as Apollonius perceived that his enemy was in the plain, he came back and gave him battle.	⁹³ Jonathan sallied out and pursued Apollonius to Azotus, and as soon as Apollonius saw his enemy out in the plain, he turned around and gave him battle.
⁹³ Barach

⁹⁴ τοῦ δ᾽ ἈπολλωνίουApollonius χιλίους ἱππεῖς καθίσαντος εἰς ἐνέδραν ἔν τινι χειμάρρῳ , ὡς ἂν κατόπιν ἐπιφανεῖεν τοῖς πολεμίοις , αἰσθόμενος ὁ ἸωνάθηςJonathan οὐ κατεπλάγη · τάξας δὲ τὴν‎ στρατιὰν ἐν πλινθίῳ κατ᾽ ἀμφότερα τοὺς πολεμίους ἀμύνασθαι παρεσκευάσατο , καὶ κατὰ πρόσωπον καὶ τοῖς ὄπισθεν ἐπελευσομένοις αὑτὸν ἀντιτάξας .
⁹⁴ But Apollonius had laid a thousand horsemen in ambush in a valley, that they might be seen by their enemies as behind them; which when Jonathan perceived, he was under no consternation, but ordering his army to stand in a square battle-array, he gave them a charge to fall on the enemy on both sides, and set them to face those that attacked them both before and behind;	⁹⁴ Apollonius had set a thousand cavalry in ambush in a valley, that they might be seen by their enemies when they turned around. Noting this, Jonathan showed no alarm but ordered his army into a solid formation and told them to attack the enemy on both sides and set them to face those who attacked them both from front and rear.
⁹⁴ Barach

⁹⁵ τῆς δὲ μάχης ἕως ἑσπέρας προβαινούσης , δοὺς ΣίμωνιSimon τἀδελφῷ μέρος τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦτον μὲν ἐκέλευσε συμβαλεῖν τῇ φάλαγγι τῶν ἐχθρῶν , αὐτὸς δὲ τοὺς σὺν αὐτῷ προσέταξεν φραξαμένους τοῖς ὅπλοις ἀποδέχεσθαι τὰ βέλη τὰ παρὰ τῶν ἱππέων .
⁹⁵ and while the fight lasted till the evening, he gave part of his forces to his brother Simon, and ordered him to attack the enemies; but for himself, he charged those that were with him to cover themselves with their armor, and receive the darts of the horsemen, who did as they were commanded; so that the enemy’s horsemen,	⁹⁵ When the fight lasted until evening, he assigned part of his forces to his brother Simon with orders to attack the enemy, and instructed his own companions to cover themselves with their armour and face the missiles of the cavalry.
⁹⁵ Barach

⁹⁶ καὶ οἱ μὲν ἐποίησαν τὸ κελευσθέν , οἱ δὲ τῶν πολεμίων ἱππεῖς ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς ἀφέντες τὰ βέλη μέχρι καὶ ἐξεκενώθησαν οὐδὲν αὐτοὺς ἔβλαπτον · οὐ γὰρ διικνεῖτο τῶν σωμάτων τὰ βαλλόμενα , συμπεφραγμένοις δὲ ταῖς ἀσπίσιν συνηνωμέναις ὑπὸ πυκνότητος ἐπαφιέμενα ῥᾳδίως ἐκρατεῖτο καὶ ἄπρακτα ἐφέρετο .
⁹⁶ while they threw their darts till they had no more left, did them no harm, for the darts that were thrown did not enter into their bodies, being thrown upon the shields that were united and conjoined together, the closeness of which easily overcame the force of the darts, and they flew about without any effect.	⁹⁶ They did as ordered, so that the enemy's cavalry did them no harm although they threw all the spears they had, for the missiles did not reach their bodies, as they were caught by the united shields that were joined together, whose compactness easily overcame the force of the spears so that they flew by with no effect.
⁹⁶ Barach

⁹⁷ ὡς δὲ παρείθησαν ἀπὸ πρωὶ μέχρι δείλης ὀψίας ἀκοντίζοντες εἰς αὐτοὺς οἱ πολέμιοι , νοήσας ΣίμωνSimon κεκμηκότας αὐτοὺς συμβάλλει τῇ φάλαγγι , καὶ προθυμίᾳ χρησαμένων πολλῇ τῶν στρατιωτῶν αὐτοῦ‎ τρέπει τοὺς ἐχθροὺς εἰς φυγήν .
⁹⁷ But when the enemy grew remiss in throwing their darts from morning till late at night, Simon perceived their weariness, and fell upon the body of men before him; and because his soldiers showed great alacrity, he put the enemy to flight.	⁹⁷ When the enemy grew tired of throwing at them from morning until late evening, Simon noted their weariness and attacked the phalanx before him, and with his soldiers showing great spirit he put the enemy to flight.
⁹⁷ Barach

⁹⁸ θεασάμενοι δὲ τοὺς πεζοὺς φεύγοντας οἱ ἱππεῖς οὐδ᾽ αὐτοὶ μένουσιν , ἀλλὰ πάρετοι μὲν ὄντες αὐτοὶ διὰ τὸ μέχρι δείλης μάχεσθαι , τῆς δὲ παρὰ τῶν πεζῶν ἐλπίδος αὐτοῖς ἀπολωλυίας , ἀκόσμως καὶ συγκεχυμένως ἔφευγον , ὡς διασχισθέντας αὐτοὺς διὰ παντὸς σκορπισθῆναι τοῦ πεδίου .
⁹⁸ And when the horsemen saw that the footmen ran away, neither did they stay themselves, but they being very weary, by the duration of the fight till the evening, and their hope from the footmen being quite gone, they basely ran away, and in great confusion also, till they were separated one from another, and scattered over all the plain.	⁹⁸ Seeing the infantry running away, the cavalry did not stay either, because they were weary from having fought until evening. Also, since any hope based on the infantry was gone, they fled in cowardice and confusion. Thus they were separated and scattered all over the plain.
⁹⁸ Barach

⁹⁹ διώκων δ᾽ αὐτοὺς ἸωνάθηςJonathan μέχρι τῆς ἈζώτουAzotus καὶ πολλοὺς ἀναιρῶν ἀπογνόντας τῆς σωτηρίας ἠνάγκασεν ἐπὶ τὸν τοῦ ΔαγῶνοςDagon ναὸν καταφυγεῖν , ὃς ἦν ἐν ἈζώτῳAzotus . λαβὼν δ᾽ ἐξ ἐπιδρομῆς ἸωνάθηςJonathan τὴν‎ πόλιν αὐτήν τε ἐνέπρησεν καὶ τὰς περὶ αὐτὴν κώμας .
⁹⁹ Upon which Jonathan pursued them as far as Ashdod, and slew a great many of them, and compelled the rest, in despair of escaping, to fly to the temple of Dagon, which was at Ashdod; but Jonathan took the city on the first onset, and burnt it, and the villages about it;	⁹⁹ Jonathan pursued them as far as Azotus and killed many of them and forced the rest, in despair of escaping, to retreat to the temple of Dagon in Azotus. Then Jonathan took the city on the first onset and burned it and the villages around it.
⁹⁹ Barach

¹⁰⁰ ἀπέσχετοto keep off δ᾽ οὐδὲ τοῦ ΔαγῶνοςDagon ἱεροῦ , ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦτ᾽ ἐνέπρησεν καὶ τοὺς εἰς αὐτὸ συμφυγόντας διέφθειρεν . τὸ δὲ πᾶν πλῆθος τῶν ἐν τῇ μάχῃ πεσόντων καὶ καταφλεγέντων ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ τῶν πολεμίων ἦσαν ὀκτακισχίλιοι .
¹⁰⁰ nor did he abstain from the temple of Dagon itself, but burnt it also, and destroyed those that had fled to it. Now the entire multitude of the enemies that fell in the battle, and were consumed in the temple, were eight thousand.	¹⁰⁰ He did not spare even the temple of Dagon but burned it also and killed those who had fled to it. The enemy numbers that fell in the battle and were burned in the temple were eight thousand.
¹⁰⁰ Barach

¹⁰¹ κρατήσας οὖν τοσαύτης δυνάμεως ἄρας ἀπὸ τῆς ἈζώτουAzotus εἰς ἈσκάλωναAskalon παραγίνεται , καὶ καταστρατοπεδεύσαντος ἔξω τῆς πόλεως αὐτοῦ‎ προῆλθον εἰς ἀπάντησιν αὐτῷ οἱ ἈσκαλωνῖταιAskalonites ξένια προσφέροντες αὐτῷ καὶ τιμῶντες . ὁ δὲ ἀποδεξάμενος αὐτοὺς τῆς προαιρέσεως ἀνέστρεψεν ἐκεῖθεν εἰς ἹεροσόλυμαJerusalem πολλὴν ἐπαγόμενος λείαν , ἣν ἔλαβεν νικήσας τοὺς πολεμίους .
¹⁰¹ When Jonathan therefore had overcome so great an army, he removed from Ashdod, and came to Askelon; and when he had pitched his camp without the city, the people of Askelon came out and met him, bringing him hospitable presents, and honoring him; so he accepted of their kind intentions, and returned thence to Jerusalem with a great deal of prey, which he brought thence when he conquered his enemies.	¹⁰¹ When Jonathan had defeated this large army, he moved on from Azotus to Askalon, and when he had encamped outside the city the people of Askalon came out to meet him with gifts and honoured him. He accepted their good intentions and returned to Jerusalem with a large amount of booty, which he had taken from the defeat of his enemies.
¹⁰¹ Barach

¹⁰² ἈλέξανδροςAlexander δ᾽ ἀκούσας ἡττημένον τὸν αὐτοῦ‎ στρατηγὸν ἈπολλώνιονApollonius προσεποιεῖτο χαίρειν , ὅτι παρὰ τὴν‎ αὐτοῦ‎ γνώμην ἸωνάθῃJonathan συνέβαλεν φίλῳ ὄντι καὶ συμμάχῳ , καὶ πέμπει πρὸς ἸωνάθηνJonathan μαρτυρῶν αὐτῷ καὶ γέρα καὶ τιμὰς διδοὺς πόρπην χρυσέαν , ὡς ἔστιν ἔθος δίδοσθαι τοῖς τῶν βασιλέων συγγενέσιν , καὶ τὴν‎ ἈκκάρωναAkkaron καὶ τὴν‎ τοπαρχίαν αὐτῆς εἰς κληρουχίαν ἐπιτρέπει .
¹⁰² But when Alexander heard that Apollonius, the general of his army, was beaten, he pretended to be glad of it, because he had fought with Jonathan his friend and ally against his directions. Accordingly, he sent to Jonathan, and gave testimony to his worth; and gave him honorary rewards, as a golden button, which it is the custom to give the king’s kinsmen, and allowed him Ekron and its toparchy for his own inheritance.	¹⁰² When Alexander heard that his general Apollonius had been defeated, he pretended to be glad and that it was contrary to his orders that he had fought against his friend and ally Jonathan; and he sent to Jonathan, praising his bravery and awarding him as a mark of honour a golden button, which it is customary to give to the king's relatives and assigning him Akkaron and its district as an inheritance.
¹⁰² Barach

¹⁰³ Ὑπὸ δὲ τοῦτον τὸν καιρὸν καὶ βασιλεὺς ΠτολεμαῖοςPtolemy ὁ ΦιλομήτωρPhilometer ἐπικληθεὶς ναυτικὴν ἄγων δύναμιν καὶ πεζὴν εἰς ΣυρίανSyria ἧκεν συμμαχήσων ἈλεξάνδρῳAlexander · γαμβρὸς γὰρ ἦν αὐτοῦ‎ .
¹⁰³ About this time it was that king Ptolemy, who was called Philometor, led an army, part by the sea, and part by land, and came to Syria, to the assistance of Alexander, who was his son-in-law;	¹⁰³ About this time king Ptolemy, surnamed Philometor, led an army by sea and land to Syria, to the help of his son-in-law, Alexander.
¹⁰³ Barach

¹⁰⁴ καὶ πᾶσαι προθύμως αὐτὸν αἱ πόλεις ἈλεξάνδρουAlexander κελεύσαντος ἐκδεχόμεναι παρέπεμπον ἕως ἈζώτουAzotus πόλεως , ἔνθα πάντες κατεβόων αὐτοῦ‎ περὶ τοῦ ἐμπεπρησμένου ἱεροῦ αὐτῶν ΔαγῶνοςDagon κατηγοροῦντες ἸωνάθουJonathan τοῦτο ἀφανίσαντος καὶ τὴν‎ χώραν πυρπολήσαντος καὶ πολλοὺς αὐτῶν ἀποκτείναντος .
¹⁰⁴ and accordingly all the cities received him willingly, as Alexander had commanded them to do, and conducted him as far as Ashdod; where they all made loud complaints about the temple of Dagon, which was burnt, and accused Jonathan of having laid it waste, and destroyed the country adjoining with fire, and slain a great number of them.	¹⁰⁴ At Alexander's orders all the cities received him willingly and conducted him as far as Azotus, where they all loudly complained about the burning of the temple of Dagon, and accused Jonathan of ravaging it and destroying the adjoining country with fire and killing many people.
¹⁰⁴ Barach

¹⁰⁵ καὶ ΠτολεμαῖοςPtolemy μὲν ταῦτ᾽ ἀκούσας ἡσύχασεν , ἸωνάθηςJonathan δὲ εἰς ἸόππηνJoppa ἀπαντήσας ΠτολεμαίῳPtolemy ξενίων τε λαμπρῶν παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ τυγχάνει καὶ τιμῆς ἁπάσης , ἔπειτα προπέμψας αὐτὸν ἕως τοῦ ἘλευθέρουEleutherus καλουμένου ποταμοῦ πάλιν ὑπέστρεψεν εἰς ἹεροσόλυμαJerusalem .
¹⁰⁵ Ptolemy heard these accusations, but said nothing. Jonathan also went to meet Ptolemy as far as Joppa, and obtained from him hospitable presents, and those glorious in their kinds, with all the marks of honor; and when he had conducted him as far as the river called Eleutherus, he returned again to Jerusalem.	¹⁰⁵ Ptolemy heard these accusations, but said nothing. Then Jonathan went as far as Joppa to meet Ptolemy and from him received gifts of glorious quality, with every of esteem and when he had conducted him as far as the river called Eleutherus, he returned again to Jerusalem.
¹⁰⁵ Barach

¹⁰⁶ Γενόμενος δ᾽ ἐν ΠτολεμαίδιPtolemais παρὰ πᾶσαν προσδοκίαν μικροῦ διεφθάρη ΠτολεμαῖοςPtolemy ἐπιβουλευθεὶς ὑπὸ ἈλεξάνδρουAlexander δι᾽ ἈμμωνίουAmmanius , ὃς ἐτύγχανεν αὐτῷ Φίλος ὤν .
¹⁰⁶ But as Ptolemy was at Ptolemais, he was very near to a most unexpected destruction; for a treacherous design was laid for his life by Alexander, by the means of Ammonius, who was his friend;	¹⁰⁶ While Ptolemy was in Ptolemais, he had a very near escape from death, for Alexander, through his friend Ammanius, made a treacherous plot against his life.
¹⁰⁶ Barach

¹⁰⁷ φανερᾶς δὲ τῆς ἐπιβουλῆς γενομένης ΠτολεμαῖοςPtolemy γράφει τῷ ἈλεξάνδρῳAlexander πρὸς κόλασιν ἐξαιτῶν τὸν ἈμμώνιονAmmanius , ἐπιβουλευθῆναι λέγων ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ καὶ δίκην διὰ τοῦτ᾽ αὐτὸν ὑποσχεῖν ἀξιῶν . οὐκ ἐκδιδόντος δὲ τοῦ ἈλεξάνδρουAlexander συνεὶς αὐτὸν ἐκεῖνον εἶναι τὸν ἐπιβουλεύσαντα χαλεπῶς διετέθη πρὸς αὐτόν .
¹⁰⁷ and as the treachery was very plain, Ptolemy wrote to Alexander, and required of him that he should bring Ammonius to condign punishment, informing him what snares had been laid for him by Ammonius, and desiring that he might be accordingly punished for it. But when Alexander did not comply with his demands, he perceived that it was he himself who laid the design, and was very angry at him.	¹⁰⁷ When the plot was uncovered Ptolemy wrote to Alexander demanding that Ammanius be suitably punished, saying how he had plotted against him. When Alexander did not comply, he realized that the man himself was behind the plot and he was very angry with him.
¹⁰⁷ Barach

¹⁰⁸ τοῖς δὲ ἈντιοχεῦσινAntioch people καὶ πρότερον ἦν προσκεκρουκὼς ἈλέξανδροςAlexander διὰ τὸν ἈμμώνιονAmmanius · πολλὰ γὰρ ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ πεπόνθεισαν κακά . τιμωρίαν μέντοι τῶν τετολμημένων ἈμμώνιοςAmmanius ὑπέσχεν κατασφαγεὶς αἰσχρῶς ὡς γυνή , κρύπτειν ἑαυτὸν σπουδάσας στολῇ γυναικείῳ , καθὼς ἐν ἄλλοις δεδηλώκαμεν .
¹⁰⁸ Alexander had also formerly been on very ill terms with the people of Antioch, for they had suffered very much by his means; yet did Ammonius at length undergo the punishment his insolent crimes had deserved, for he was killed in an opprobrious manner, like a woman, while he endeavored to conceal himself in a feminine habit, as we have elsewhere related.	¹⁰⁸ Alexander had previously been on bad terms with the people of Antioch, for they had suffered much through Ammanius. But Ammanius was punished as he deserved, for he was killed ingloriously as a woman, while trying to hide in feminine dress, as we have elsewhere reported.
¹⁰⁸ Barach

¹⁰⁹ ΠτολεμαῖοςPtolemy δὲ μεμψάμενος αὑτὸν τοῦ τε συνοικίσαι τὴν‎ θυγατέρα ἈλεξάνδρῳAlexander τῆς τε συμμαχίας τῆς κατὰ ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius διαλυθέντος τὴν‎ πρὸς αὐτὸν συγγένειαν ·
¹⁰⁹ Hereupon Ptolemy blamed himself for having given his daughter in marriage to Alexander, and for the league he had made with him to assist him against Demetrius; so he dissolved his relation to him,	¹⁰⁹ Ptolemy blamed himself for letting his daughter marry Alexander and for his alliance with him against Demetrius.
¹⁰⁹ Barach

¹¹⁰ ἀποσπάσας γὰρ τὴν‎ θυγατέρα πέμπει πρὸς ΔημήτριονDemetrius εὐθὺς περὶ συμμαχίας καὶ φιλίας συντιθέμενος , τήν τε θυγατέρα δώσειν αὐτῷ ὑπισχνούμενος γυναῖκα καὶ καταστήσειν αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν‎ πατρῴαν ἀρχήν . ὁ δὲ ΔημήτριοςDemetrius ἡσθεὶς τοῖς πεπρεσβευμένοις δέχεται τὴν‎ συμμαχίαν καὶ τὸν γάμον .
¹¹⁰ and took his daughter away from him, and immediately sent to Demetrius, and offered to make a league of mutual assistance and friendship with him, and agreed with him to give him his daughter in marriage, and to restore him to the principality of his fathers. Demetrius was well pleased with this embassage, and accepted of his assistance, and of the marriage of his daughter.	¹¹⁰ So he dissolved his relationship with him and took his daughter from him and immediately sent to Demetrius about an alliance and friendship with him and promised him his daughter in marriage and to restore him to the kingdom of his fathers. Demetrius was well pleased with the envoys and accepted the alliance and the marriage with his daughter.
¹¹⁰ Barach

¹¹¹ ἓν δ᾽ ἔτι ΠτολεμαίῳPtolemy τὸ λοιπὸν ἀγώνισμα ὑπελείπετο πεῖσαι τοὺς ἈντιοχεῖςAntioch δέξασθαι ΔημήτριονDemetrius ἀπεχθῶς πρὸς αὐτὸν διακειμένους ὑπὲρ ὧν ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ‎ ΔημήτριοςDemetrius εἰς αὐτοὺς παρηνόμησεν . κατεπράξατο δὲ καὶ τοῦτο ·
¹¹¹ But Ptolemy had still one more hard task to do, and that was to persuade the people of Antioch to receive Demetrius, because they were greatly displeased at him, on account of the injuries his father Demetrius had done them;	¹¹¹ Ptolemy had another difficult task, to persuade the people of Antioch to welcome Demetrius, as they were averse to him due to the wrongs done them by his father Demetrius.
¹¹¹ Barach

¹¹² μισοῦντες γὰρ τὸν ἈλέξανδρονAlexander οἱ ἈντιοχεῖςAntioch διὰ τὸν ἈμμώνιονAmmanius , ὡς δεδηλώκαμεν , ῥᾳδίως αὐτὸν ἐκ τῆς ἈντιοχείαςAntioch ἐξέβαλον . Καὶ ὁ μὲν ἐκπεσὼν τῆς ἈντιοχείαςAntioch ἦλθεν εἰς ΚιλικίανCilicia .
¹¹² yet did he bring this about; for as the people of Antioch hated Alexander on Ammonius’s account, as we have shown already, they were easily prevailed with to cast him out of Antioch; who, thus expelled out of Antioch, came into Cilicia.	¹¹² But because the people of Antioch hated Alexander on account of Ammanius, as we have said, they were easily persuaded to expel him from Antioch. When he was thrown out of Antioch, he came into Cilicia.
¹¹² Barach

¹¹³ ἐλθὼν δὲ πρὸς τοὺς ἈντιοχεῖςAntioch ΠτολεμαῖοςPtolemy βασιλεὺς ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν καὶ τῶν στρατευμάτων ἀναδείκνυται καὶ ἀναγκασθεὶς δύο περιτίθεται διαδήματα , ἓν μὲν τὸ τῆς ἈσίαςAsia , ἕτερον δὲ τὸ τῆς ΑἰγύπτουEgypt .
¹¹³ Ptolemy came then to Antioch, and was made king by its inhabitants, and by the army; so that he was forced to put on two diadems, the one of Asia, the other of Egypt:	¹¹³ Ptolemy then came to Antioch and was made king by its inhabitants and the army, so that he had to wear two crowns, one of Asia and the other of Egypt.
¹¹³ Barach

¹¹⁴ χρηστὸς δὲ ὢν φύσει καὶ δίκαιος καὶ τῶν λαμπρῶν οὐκ ἐφιέμενος πρὸς δὲ τούτοις καὶ λογίσασθαι τὰ μέλλοντα συνετός , φείσασθαι τοῦ μὴ δόξαι εἶναι ῬωμαίοιςRomans ἐπίφθονος ἔκρινεν , καὶ συναγαγὼν τοὺς ἈντιοχεῖςAntioch εἰς ἐκκλησίαν πείθει δέξασθαι τὸν ΔημήτριονDemetrius αὐτούς ,
¹¹⁴ but being naturally a good and a righteous man, and not desirous of what belonged to others, and besides these dispositions, being also a wise man in reasoning about futurities, he determined to avoid the envy of the Romans; so he called the people of Antioch together to an assembly, and persuaded them to receive Demetrius;	¹¹⁴ Being of a good and a righteous nature and not eager for splendour and also being wise in looking to the future, he decided to avoid the envy of the Romans, so he called the people of Antioch to a meeting and persuaded them to receive Demetrius.
¹¹⁴ Barach

¹¹⁵ λέγων οὐδενὸς μνησικακήσειν αὐτοῖς περὶ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτὸν εὐεργετηθέντα , διδάσκαλός τε ἀγαθῶν καὶ ἡγεμὼν ἔσεσθαι αὐτῷ διωμολογήσατο καὶ φαύλοις ἐγχειροῦντι πράγμασιν οὐκ ἐπιτρέψειν ὑπέσχετο . αὐτῷ δ᾽ ἔφασκεν ἀρκεῖν τὴν‎ τῆς ΑἰγύπτουEgypt βασιλείαν . ταῦτ᾽ εἰπὼν πείθει τοὺς ἈντιοχεῖςAntioch δέξασθαι τὸν ΔημήτριονDemetrius .
¹¹⁵ and assured them that he would not be mindful of what they did to his father in case he should be now obliged by them; and he undertook that he would himself be a good monitor and governor to him, and promised that he would not permit him to attempt any bad actions; but that, for his own part, he was contented with the kingdom of Egypt. By which discourse he persuaded the people of Antioch to receive Demetrius.	¹¹⁵ He assured them that he would forget what they had done to his father if they now did him this favour, and promised to be a good guide and monitor to him and that he would not allow him to attempt any foolish actions, while for his own part, he was content to rule the kingdom of Egypt. With these words he persuaded the people of Antioch to accept Demetrius.
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¹¹⁶ Τοῦ δ᾽ ἈλεξάνδρουAlexander σὺν στρατεύματι πολλῷ καὶ μεγάλῃ παρασκευῇ ὁρμήσαντοςto set in motion, impel ἐκ τῆς ΚιλικίαςCilicia εἰς τὴν‎ ΣυρίανSyria καὶ τὴν‎ ἈντιοχέωνAntioch γῆν ἐμπρήσαντος καὶ διαρπάσαντος ΠτολεμαῖοςPtolemy ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν ἐξεστράτευσεν μετὰ τοῦ γαμβροῦ ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius · ἤδη γὰρ αὐτῷ πρὸς γάμον ἐδεδώκει τὴν‎ θυγατέρα · καὶ νικήσαντες εἰς φυγὴν ἐτρέψαντο τὸν ἈλέξανδρονAlexander .
¹¹⁶ But now Alexander made haste with a numerous and great army, and came out of Cilicia into Syria, and burnt the country belonging to Antioch, and pillaged it; whereupon Ptolemy, and his son-in-law Demetrius, brought their army against him, (for he had already given him his daughter in marriage,) and beat Alexander, and put him to flight;	¹¹⁶ Alexander now hurried from Cilicia into Syria with a large army and ample supplies and burned the district of Antioch and pillaged it; whereupon Ptolemy and his son-in-law Demetrius brought their army against him, for he had given him his daughter in marriage, and beat Alexander and routed him so that he fled into Arabia.
¹¹⁶ Barach

¹¹⁷ οὗτος μὲν οὖν εἰς ἈραβίανArabia φεύγει . συνέβη δὲ ἐν τῇ μάχῃ τὸν ἵππον τὸν ΠτολεμαίουPtolemy φωνῆς ἀκούσαντα ἐλέφαντος ταραχθῆναι καὶ τὸν ΠτολεμαῖονPtolemy ἀποσεισάμενον καταβαλεῖν , τοὺς δὲ πολεμίους ἰδόντας ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν ὁρμῆσαι καὶ τραύματα πολλὰ δόντας αὐτῷ κατὰ τῆς κεφαλῆς εἰς κίνδυνον τὸν περὶ θανάτου καταστῆσαι · τῶν γὰρ σωματοφυλάκωνbodyguard αὐτὸν ἐξαρπασάντων χαλεπῶς οὕτως εἶχεν , ὡς ἐφ᾽ ἡμέρας τέσσαρας μήτε συνεῖναί τι μήτε φθέγξασθαι δυνηθῆναι .
¹¹⁷ and accordingly he fled into Arabia. Now it happened in the time of the battle that Ptolemy’ horse, upon hearing the noise of an elephant, cast him off his back, and threw him on the ground; upon the sight of which accident, his enemies fell upon him, and gave him many wounds upon his head, and brought him into danger of death; for when his guards caught him up, he was so very ill, that for four days’ time he was not able either to understand or to speak.	¹¹⁷ During the battle Ptolemy's horse, hearing the noise of an elephant, reared up and threw him to the ground. And seeing it, his enemies attacked him and gave him many wounds on the head and put him in danger of death. For when his bodyguards snatched him away, he was so ill that for four days he was unable to think or to speak.
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¹¹⁸ τοῦ δὲ ἈλεξάνδρουAlexander τὴν‎ κεφαλὴν ὁ τῶν ἈράβωνArabian δυνάστης ἀποτεμὼν ΖάβειλοςZabeilos ἀπέστειλεν ΠτολεμαίῳPtolemy , ὃς τῇ πέμπτῃ τῶν ἡμερῶν ἀνενεγκὼν ἐκ τῶν τραυμάτων καὶ φρονήσας ἥδιστονmost gladly ἄκουσμα καὶ θέαμα τὴν‎ ἈλεξάνδρουAlexander τελευτὴν ἅμα καὶ τὴν‎ κεφαλὴν ἀκούει καὶ θεᾶται .
¹¹⁸ However, Zabdiel, a prince among the Arabians, cut off Alexander’s head, and sent it to Ptolemy, who recovering of his wounds, and returning to his understanding, on the fifth day, heard at once a most agreeable hearing, and saw a most agreeable sight, which were the death and the head of Alexander;	¹¹⁸ Zabeilos, an Arab prince, cut off Alexander's head and sent it to Ptolemy, who recovering from his wounds and returning to consciousness on the fifth day, gladly heard of Alexander's death and saw his head.
¹¹⁸ Barach

¹¹⁹ καὶ μετ᾽ οὐ πολὺ πλησθεὶς τῆς ἐπ᾽ ἈλεξάνδρῳAlexander τεθνηκότι χαρᾶς καὶ αὐτὸς κατέστρεψε τὸν βίον . ἐβασίλευσεν δὲ τῆς ἈσίαςAsia ἈλέξανδροςAlexander ὁ ΒάλαςBalas ἐπιλεγόμενος ἔτη πέντε , καθὼς καὶ ἐν ἄλλοις δεδηλώκαμεν .
¹¹⁹ yet a little after this his joy for the death of Alexander, with which he was so greatly satisfied, he also departed this life. Now Alexander, who was called Balas, reigned over Asia five years, as we have elsewhere related.	¹¹⁹ But soon after being filled with joy by the death of Alexander, he too departed this life. Now Alexander, who was surnamed Balas, ruled over Asia five years, as we have elsewhere reported.
¹¹⁹ Barach

¹²⁰ Παραλαβὼν δὲ τὴν‎ βασιλείαν ΔημήτριοςDemetrius ὁ ΝικάτωρNicator ἐπιλεγόμενος ὑπὸ πονηρίας ἤρξατο διαφθείρειν τὰ τοῦ ΠτολεμαίουPtolemy στρατεύματα , τῆς τε πρὸς αὐτὸν συμμαχίας ἐκλαθόμενος καὶ ὅτι πενθερὸς ἦν αὐτοῦ‎ καὶ διὰ τὸν τῆς ΚλεοπάτραςCleopatra γάμον συγγενής . οἱ μὲν οὖν στρατιῶται φεύγουσιν αὐτοῦ‎ τὴν‎ πεῖραν εἰς ἈλεξάνδρειανAlexandria , τῶν δ᾽ ἐλεφάντων ΔημήτριοςDemetrius ἐγκρατὴς γίνεται .
¹²⁰ But when Demetrius, who was styled Nicator, had taken the kingdom, he was so wicked as to treat Ptolemy’s soldiers very hardly, neither remembering the league of mutual assistance that was between them, nor that he was his son-in-law and kinsman, by Cleopatra’s marriage to him; so the soldiers fled from his wicked treatment to Alexandria; but Demetrius kept his elephants.	¹²⁰ When Demetrius, who was surnamed Nicator, became king, he wickedly began to massacre Ptolemy's soldiers, forgetful of the pact of alliance between them, or that he was his son-in-law and kinsman, by Cleopatra's marriage to him, so the soldiers fled to Alexandria from his assault, but Demetrius got control of the elephants.
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¹²¹ ἸωνάθηςJonathan δ᾽ ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς ἐξ ἁπάσης τῆς ἸουδαίαςJudea στρατιὰν συναγαγὼν προσβαλὼν ἐπολιόρκει τὴν‎ ἐν τοῖς ἹεροσολύμοιςJerusalem ἄκραν ἔχουσανto have, hold ΜακεδονικὴνMacedonians φρουρὰν καὶ τῶν ἀσεβῶν τινας καὶ πεφευγότων τὴν‎ πάτριον συνήθειαν .
¹²¹ But Jonathan the high priest levied an army out of all Judea, and attacked the citadel at Jerusalem, and besieged it. It was held by a garrison of Macedonians, and by some of those wicked men who had deserted the customs of their forefathers.	¹²¹ Then the high priest Jonathan levied an army from all Judea and attacked and besieged the citadel in Jerusalem, which was held by a garrison of Macedonians and by some of the godless Jews who had deserted their ancestral customs.
¹²¹ Barach

¹²² οὗτοι δὲ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον κατεφρόνουν ὧν ἸωνάθηςJonathan ἐμηχανᾶτο περὶ τὴν‎ αἵρεσιν πεπιστευκότες τῇ ὀχυρότητι τοῦ χωρίου , νυκτὸς δέ τινες τῶν ἐν αὐτῷ πονηρῶν ἐξελθόντες ἧκον πρὸς ΔημήτριονDemetrius καὶ τὴν‎ πολιορκίαν αὐτῷ τῆς ἄκρας ἐμήνυσαν .
¹²² These men at first despised the attempts of Jonathan for taking the place, as depending on its strength; but some of those wicked men went out by night, and came to Demetrius, and informed him that the citadel was besieged;	¹²² Confident of the strength of the place, these at first made light of Jonathan's attempts to take it, but some of those rogues went out by night and reached Demetrius and told him about the siege of the citadel.
¹²² Barach

¹²³ ὁ δὲ τοῖς ἠγγελμένοις παροξυνθείς , ἀναλαβὼν τὴν‎ δύναμιν ἧκεν ἐκ τῆς ἈντιοχείαςAntioch ἐπὶ τὸν ἸωνάθηνJonathan . γενόμενος δὲ ἐν ΠτολεμαίδιPtolemais γράφει κελεύων αὐτὸν σπεῦσαι πρὸς αὐτὸν εἰς ΠτολεμαίδαPtolemais .
¹²³ who was irritated with what he heard, and took his army, and came from Antioch, against Jonathan. And when he was at Antioch, he wrote to him, and commanded him to come to him quickly to Ptolemais:	¹²³ Furious at the news, he took his army and came from Antioch against Jonathan. When he reached Ptolemais, he wrote to him ordering him to come to him quickly to Ptolemais.
¹²³ Barach

¹²⁴ ὁ δὲ τὴν‎ μὲν πολιορκίαν οὐκ ἔπαυσεν , τοὺς δὲ πρεσβυτέρους τοῦ λαοῦ παραλαβὼν καὶ τοὺς ἱερεῖς καὶ χρυσὸν καὶ ἄργυρον καὶ ἐσθῆτα καὶ πλῆθος ξενίων κομίζων ἧκεν πρὸς τὸν ΔημήτριονDemetrius , καὶ τούτοις δωρησάμενος αὐτὸν θεραπεύει τὴν‎ ὀργὴν τοῦ βασιλέως , καὶ τιμηθεὶς ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ λαμβάνει βεβαίαν ἔχειν τὴν‎ ἀρχιερωσύνην , καθὼς καὶ παρὰ τῶν πρὸ αὐτοῦ‎ βασιλέων ἐκέκτητο .
¹²⁴ upon which Jonathan did not intermit the siege of the citadel, but took with him the elders of the people, and the priests, and carried with him gold, and silver, and garments, and a great number of presents of friendship, and came to Demetrius, and presented him with them, and thereby pacified the king’s anger. So he was honored by him, and received from him the confirmation of his high priesthood, as he had possessed it by the grants of the kings his predecessors.	¹²⁴ Without abandoning the siege, Jonathan took with him the elders of the people and the priests and brought gold and silver and clothing and many tokens of friendship and came to Demetrius and presented them to him. Having thereby pacified the king's anger he was honoured by him and received from him the confirmation of the high priesthood he had received from his royal predecessors.
¹²⁴ Barach

¹²⁵ κατηγορούντων δὲ αὐτοῦ‎ τῶν φυγάδων ὁ ΔημήτριοςDemetrius οὐκ ἐπίστευσεν , ἀλλὰ καὶ παρακαλέσαντος αὐτόν , ὅπως ὑπὲρ τῆς ἸουδαίαςJudea ἁπάσης καὶ τῶν τριῶν τοπαρχιῶν ΣαμαρείαςSamaria καὶ ἸόππηςJoppa, Perea καὶ ΓαλιλαίαςGalilee τριακόσια τελῇ τάλαντα , δίδωσιν καὶ περὶ πάντων ἐπιστολάς , αἳ περιεῖχον τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον ·
¹²⁵ And when the Jewish deserters accused him, Demetrius was so far from giving credit to them, that when he petitioned him that he would demand no more than three hundred talents for the tribute of all Judea, and the three toparchies of Samaria, and Perea, and Galilee, he complied with the proposal, and gave him a letter confirming all those grants; whose contents were as follows:	¹²⁵ When the fugitives accused him, Demetrius ignored them and asked him for only three hundred talents for the government of all Judea and the three toparchies of Samaria and Perea and Galilee, and gave him a letter confirming all those grants; whose contents were as follows:
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¹²⁶ " βασιλεὺς ΔημήτριοςDemetrius ἸωνάθῃJonathan τῷ ἀδελφῷ καὶ τῷ ἔθνει τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews χαίρειν . τὸ ἀντίγραφον τῆς ἐπιστολῆς ἧς ἔγραψα ΛασθένειLasthones τῷ συγγενεῖ ἡμῶν ἀπεστάλκαμεν ὑμῖν , ἵνα εἰδῆτε .
¹²⁶ “King Demetrius to Jonathan his brother, and to the nation of the Jews, sendeth greeting. We have sent you a copy of that epistle which we have written to Lasthenes our kinsman, that you may know its contents.	¹²⁶ "King Demetrius to Jonathan his brother and to the Jewish nation, greetings. We have sent you a copy of that letter which we have written to Lasthones our kinsman, that you may know its contents.
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¹²⁷ βασιλεὺς ΔημήτριοςDemetrius ΛασθένειLasthones τῷ πατρὶ χαίρειν . τῷ ἸουδαίωνJews ἔθνει ὄντι φίλῳ καὶ τὰ δίκαια τὰ πρὸς ἡμᾶς φυλάττοντι τῆς εὐνοίας ἔκρινα χάριν παρασχεῖν . Καὶ τοὺς τρεῖς νομοὺς ἈφαίρεμαAphairema καὶ ΛύδδαLydda καὶ ῬαμαθαινRamathain , οἳ τῇ ἸουδαίᾳJudea προσετέθησαν ἀπὸ τῆς ΣαμαρείτιδοςSamaria, Samaritan , καὶ τὰ προσκυροῦντα τούτοις ,
¹²⁷ ‘King Demetrius to Lasthenes our father, sendeth greeting. I have determined to return thanks, and to show favor to the nation of the Jews, which hath observed the rules of justice in our concerns. Accordingly, I remit to them the three prefectures, Apherima, and Lydda, and Ramatha, which have been added to Judea out of Samaria, with their appurtenances;	¹²⁷ 'King Demetrus to Lasthenes our father, greetings. In thanks for the loyalty of the Jewish nation in our regard I have decided to transfer to them, from Samaria to Judea, the three prefectures, Aphairema and Lydda and Ramathain, along with their dependencies.
¹²⁷ Barach

¹²⁸ ἔτι τε ὅσα παρὰ τῶν θυόντων ἐν ἹεροσολύμοιςJerusalem ἐλάμβανον οἱ πρὸ ἐμοῦ βασιλεῖς , καὶ ὅσα ἀπὸ τῶν καρπῶν τῆς γῆς καὶ τῶν φυτῶν , καὶ τἆλλα τὰ προσήκοντα ἡμῖν , καὶ τὰς λίμνας τῶν ἁλῶν καὶ τοὺς κομιζομένους ἡμῖν στεφάνους ἀφίημι αὐτοῖς , καὶ οὐδὲν παραβιβασθήσεται τούτων ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν οὐδὲ εἰς τὸν ἅπαντα χρόνον . φρόντισον οὖν , ἵνα τούτων ἀντίγραφον γένηται καὶ δοθῇ ἸωνάθῃJonathan καὶ ἐν ἐπισήμῳ τόπῳ τοῦ ἁγίου ἱεροῦ τεθῇ . τὰ μὲν δὴ γραφέντα ταῦτα ἦν .
¹²⁸ as also what the kings my predecessors received from those that offered sacrifices in Jerusalem, and what are due from the fruits of the earth, and of the trees, and what else belongs to us; with the salt-pits, and the crowns that used to be presented to us. Nor shall they be compelled to pay any of those taxes from this time to all futurity. Take care therefore that a copy of this epistle be taken, and given to Jonathan, and be set up in an eminent place of their holy temple.’”	¹²⁸ And I exempt them from whatever my royal predecessors received from those who offered sacrifices in Jerusalem and the taxes on the fruits of the earth and of the trees and whatever else belongs to us; with the salt-pits and the crowns customarily presented to us, nor shall they be forced to pay any of those taxes from this time onward. Take care to have a copy of this letter made and given to Jonathan and prominently displayed in their holy temple.' " Such were the contents of this writing.
¹²⁸ Barach

¹²⁹ ὁρῶν δὲ ὁ ΔημήτριοςDemetrius εἰρήνην οὖσαν καὶ μηδένα κίνδυνον μηδὲ πολέμου φόβον ὑπάρχοντα διέλυσε τὴν‎ στρατιὰν καὶ τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν ἐμείωσεν , καὶ μόνοις τοῦτον ἐχορήγει τοῖς ξενολογηθεῖσιν , οἳ συνανέβησαν ἐκ ΚρήτηςCretian αὐτῷ καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἄλλων νήσων .
¹²⁹ And these were the contents of this writing. And now when Demetrius saw that there was peace every where, and that there was no danger, nor fear of war, he disbanded the greatest part of his army, and diminished their pay, and even retained in pay no others than such foreigners as came up with him from Crete, and from the other islands.	¹²⁹ When Demetrius saw that there was peace everywhere and that there was no danger or fear of war, he disbanded most of his army and lessened their pay and paid only the foreigners who came with him from Crete and from the other islands.
¹²⁹ Barach

¹³⁰ ἔχθρα τοιγαροῦν αὐτῷ καὶ μῖσος ἐκ τούτου γίνεται παρὰ τῶν στρατιωτῶν , οἷς αὐτὸς μὲν οὐδὲν οὐκέτι παρεῖχεν , οἱ δὲ πρὸ αὐτοῦ‎ βασιλεῖς καὶ ἐπ᾽ εἰρήνης χορηγοῦντες αὐτοῖς ὁμοίως διετέλουν , ἵν᾽ εὐνοοῦντας ἔχωσιν καὶ ἐν τοῖς ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν ἀγῶσιν εἰ δεήσειέν ποτε προθύμους .
¹³⁰ However, this procured him ill-will and hatred from the soldiers; on whom he bestowed nothing from this time, while the kings before him used to pay them in time of peace as they did before, that they might have their good-will, and that they might be very ready to undergo the difficulties of war, if any occasion should require it.	¹³⁰ This provoked the ill-will and hatred of the soldiers, to whom he gave nothing at this time, while the kings before him used to pay them in time of peace also, so as to have their goodwill and keep them ready to bear the ordeals of war when the need arose.
¹³⁰ Barach

Chapter 5
[131-186]
Tryphon wins Syria for Antiochus, son of Alexander.
The envoys of Jonathan

☜ ☞

¹³¹ Ἀμέλει ταύτην νοήσας τὴν‎ δύσνοιαν τῶν στρατιωτῶν πρὸς ΔημήτριονDemetrius ἈλεξάνδρουAlexander τις στρατηγὸς ἈπαμεὺςApamean τὸ γένος ΔιόδοτοςDiodotus ὁ καὶ ΤρύφωνTryphon ἐπικληθείς , παραγίνεται πρὸς ΜάλχονMalichus τὸν ἌραβαArabian , ὃς ἔτρεφε τὸν ἈλεξάνδρουAlexander υἱὸν ἈντίοχονAntiochus , καὶ δηλώσας αὐτῷ τὴν‎ δυσμένειαν τὴν‎ τῶν στρατευμάτων πρὸς ΔημήτριονDemetrius ἔπειθεν αὐτῷ δοῦναι τὸν ἈντίοχονAntiochus · βασιλέα γὰρ αὐτὸν ποιήσειν καὶ τὴν‎ ἀρχὴν αὐτῷ τὴν‎ τοῦ πατρὸς ἀποκαταστήσειν .
¹³¹ Now there was a certain commander of Alexander’s forces, an Apanemian by birth, whose name was Diodotus, and was also called Trypho, took notice of the ill-will of the soldiers bare to Demetrius, and went to Malchus the Arabian, who brought up Antiochus, the son of Alexander, and told him what ill-will the army bare Demetrius, and persuaded him to give him Antiochus, because he would make him king, and recover to him the kingdom of his father.	¹³¹ The ill-will of the soldiers toward Demetrius was noted by one of Alexander's generals, an Apamean by birth, named Diodotus who was surnamed Tryphon, who went to Malichus the Arabian, who had reared Alexander's son Antiochus, and told him how displeased the troops were with Demetrius and persuaded him to hand over Antiochus to him, for he would make him king and restore to him his father's kingdom.
¹³¹ Barach

¹³² ὁ δὲ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἀντεῖχεν ὑπ᾽ ἀπιστίας , ὕστερον δὲ πολλῷ χρόνῳ προσλιπαρήσαντος τοῦ ΤρύφωνοςTryphon νικᾶται τὴν‎ προαίρεσιν εἰς ἃ ΤρύφωνTryphon παρεκάλει . Καὶ τὰ μὲν περὶ τούτου τἀνδρὸς ἐν τούτοις ὑπῆρχεν .
¹³² Malchus at first opposed him in this attempt, because he could not believe him; but when Trypho lay hard at him for a long time, he over-persuaded him to comply with Trypho’s intentions and entreaties. And this was the state Trypho was now in.	¹³² At first he opposed this, distrusting him, but when Tryphon kept at it for a long time, he persuaded him to go with his project. This was the man's current state.
¹³² Barach

¹³³ Ὁ δ᾽ ἀρχιερεὺς ἸωνάθηςJonathan ἐξελθεῖν βουλόμενος τοὺς ἐν τῇ ἄκρᾳ τῶν ἹεροσολύμωνJerusalem καὶ τοὺς ἸουδαίωνJews φυγάδας καὶ ἀσεβεῖς καὶ τοὺς ἐν ἁπάσῃ τῇ χώρᾳ φρουρούς , πέμψας πρὸς ΔημήτριονDemetrius δῶρα καὶ πρεσβευτὰς παρεκάλει τοὺς ἐν τοῖς ὀχυρώμασι τῆς ἸουδαίαςJudea ἐκβαλεῖν .
¹³³ But Jonathan the high priest, being desirous to get clear of those that were in the citadel of Jerusalem, and of the Jewish deserters, and wicked men, as well as of those in all the garrisons in the country, sent presents and ambassadors to Demetrius, and entreated him to take away his soldiers out of the strong holds of Judea.	¹³³ But Jonathan the high priest, wanting to be rid of those in the citadel of Jerusalem and the Jewish fugitives and rogues as well and all the garrisons in the country, sent gifts and envoys to Demetrius imploring him to remove his soldiers from the strongholds of Judea.
¹³³ Barach

¹³⁴ ὁ δ᾽ οὐ ταῦτα μόνον αὐτῷ παρέξειν , ἀλλὰ καὶ μείζω τούτων ὑπισχνεῖται μετὰ τὸν ἐν χερσὶ πόλεμον · τούτῳ γὰρ νῦν εὐσχολεῖν . ἠξίου δ᾽ αὐτὸν καὶ συμμαχίαν πέμψαι δηλῶν ἀποστῆναι τὴν‎ δύναμιν αὐτοῦ‎ . Καὶ ἸωνάθηςJonathan μὲν τρισχιλίους ἐπιλεξάμενος στρατιώτας ἔπεμψεν .
¹³⁴ Demetrius made answer, that after the war, which he was now deeply engaged in, was over, he would not only grant him that, but greater things than that also; and he desired he would send him some assistance, and informed him that his army had deserted him. So Jonathan chose out three thousand of his soldiers, and sent them to Demetrius.	¹³⁴ He replied promising to grant him not only that but also more, after the current war was over, and asking him to send some help now that his army had deserted him. So Jonathan chose three thousand of his soldiers and sent them to Demetrius.
¹³⁴ Barach

¹³⁵ ἈντιοχεῖςAntioch δὲ μισοῦντες τὸν ΔημήτριονDemetrius ὑπὲρ ὧν πεπόνθεισαν ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ κακῶς , ἀπεχθανόμενοι δ᾽ αὐτῷ καὶ διὰ τὸν πατέρα ΔημήτριονDemetrius πολλὰ εἰς αὐτοὺς ἐξαμαρτόντα , καιρὸν ἐπετήρουν λαβεῖν καθ᾽ ὃν ἐπιθοῖντο αὐτῷ .
¹³⁵ Now the people of Antioch hated Demetrius, both on account of what mischief he had himself done them, and because they were his enemies also on account of his father Demetrius, who had greatly abused them; so they watched some opportunity which they might lay hold on to fall upon him.	¹³⁵ The people of Antioch hated Demetrius, both for the harm he himself had done them and their resentment toward his father Demetrius, who had greatly abused them, so they looked for an opportunity to attack him.
¹³⁵ Barach

¹³⁶ νοήσαντες δὲ συμμαχίαν παροῦσαν παρὰ ἸωνάθουJonathan τῷ ΔημητρίῳDemetrius καὶ συμφρονήσαντες , ὅτι πολλὴν ἀθροίσει δύναμιν , εἰ μὴ φθάσαντες προκαταλάβοιεν αὐτόν , ἁρπάσαντες τὰ ὅπλα καὶ περιστάντες τοῖς βασιλείοις αὐτοῦ‎ τρόπῳ πολιορκίας καὶ τὰς ἐξόδους διαλαβόντες ἐζήτουν χειρώσασθαι τὸν βασιλέα .
¹³⁶ And when they were informed of the assistance that was coming to Demetrius from Jonathan, and considered at the same time that he would raise a numerous army, unless they prevented him, and seized upon him, they took their weapons immediately, and encompassed his palace in the way of a siege, and seizing upon all the ways of getting out, they sought to subdue their king.	¹³⁶ When they learned of the help coming to Demetrius from Jonathan and at the same time knowing that he would raise a large army unless they got there first and captured him, they immediately took their weapons and surrounded his palace like a siege and blocking all the exits sought to subdue their king.
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¹³⁷ ὁ δὲ τὸν δῆμον ὁρῶν τὸν τῶν ἈντιοχέωνAntioch ἐκπεπολεμωμένον πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ ἐν ὅπλοις ὄντα , παραλαβὼν τοὺς μισθοφόρους καὶ τοὺς πεμφθέντας ὑπὸ ἸωνάθουJonathan ἸουδαίουςJews συμβάλλει τοῖς ἈντιοχεῦσινAntioch people καὶ βιασθεὶς ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν , πολλαὶ γὰρ ἦσαν μυριάδες , ἡττᾶται .
¹³⁷ And when he saw that the people of Antioch were become his bitter enemies and that they were thus in arms, he took the mercenary soldiers which he had with them, and those Jews who were sent by Jonathan, and assaulted the Antiochians; but he was overpowered by them, for they were many ten thousands, and was beaten.	¹³⁷ When he saw that the people of Antioch had become his bitter enemies and were so up in arms, he attacked the Antiochians with his mercenary soldiers and the Jews sent by Jonathan, but was overpowered and defeated by them, for they were many thousands.
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¹³⁸ βλέποντες δὲ τοὺς ἈντιοχεῖςAntioch κρατοῦντας οἱ ἸουδαῖοιJews ἐπὶ τὰς στέγας τῶν βασιλείων ἀναβάντες ἐκεῖθεν ἔβαλλον τοὺς ἈντιοχεῖςAntioch , καὶ τοῦ μὲν αὐτοί τι πάσχειν ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν ὄντες πορρωτάτω διὰ τὸ ὕψος , ποιοῦντες δ᾽ αὐτοὺς κακῶς διὰ τὸ ἄνωθεν μάχεσθαι τῶν σύνεγγυς αὐτοὺς οἰκιῶν ἀπώσαντο .
¹³⁸ But when the Jews saw that the Antiochians were superior, they went up to the top of the palace, and shot at them from thence; and because they were so remote from them by their height, that they suffered nothing on their side, but did great execution on the others, as fighting from such an elevation, they drove them out of the adjoining houses,	¹³⁸ When the Jews saw the Antiochians winning, they went up to the roof of the palace and from there shot at them, and because of their height, they suffered no losses on their side. Fighting from above, they did great damage to the others and drove them from the adjoining houses.
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¹³⁹ καὶ ταύταις μὲν εὐθὺς πῦρ ἐνῆκαν , ἡ δὲ φλὸξ ἐφ᾽ ὅλην διατείνουσα τὴν‎ πόλιν πυκνῶν τῶν οἰκιῶν οὐσῶν καὶ τὰ πλεῖστα ἐκ ξύλων ᾠκοδομημένων πᾶσαν αὐτὴν ἐνέμετο .
¹³⁹ and immediately set them on fire, whereupon the flame spread itself over the whole city, and burnt it all down. This happened by reason of the closeness of the houses, and because they were generally built of wood.	¹³⁹ These they immediately set on fire, and it spread over the whole city and as the houses were close together and were mainly of wood, it consumed it all.
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¹⁴⁰ οἱ δ᾽ ἈντιοχεῖςAntioch μὴ δυνάμενοι βοηθῆσαι μηδὲ κρατῆσαι τοῦ πυρὸς εἰς φυγὴν ἐτράπησαν . τῶν δὲ ἸουδαίωνJews ἀπὸ δώματος ἐπὶ δῶμα διαπηδώντων καὶ τοῦτον αὐτοὺς διωκόντων τὸν τρόπον παράδοξον συνέβη γενέσθαι τὴν‎ δίωξιν .
¹⁴⁰ So the Antioehians, when they were not able to help themselves, nor to stop the fire, were put to flight. And as the Jews leaped from the top of one house to the top of another, and pursued them after that manner, it thence happened that the pursuit was so very surprising.	¹⁴⁰ So the Antiochians, unable to help themselves or to stop the fire, were put to flight, and as the Jews jumped from the top of one house to another and in that way pursued them, it was an odd pursuit.
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¹⁴¹ ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς ὁρῶν τοὺς ἈντιοχεῖςAntioch σῶσαι τὰ τέκνα καὶ τὰς γυναῖκας ἐσπουδακότας καὶ διὰ τοῦτο μηκέτι μαχομένους δι᾽ ἄλλων αὐτοῖς ἐπιτίθεται στενωπῶν , καὶ συμβαλὼν πολλοὺς μὲν αὐτῶν ἀπέκτεινεν , ὡς ἀναγκασθῆναι ῥῖψαι τὰς πανοπλίας καὶ παραδοῦναι αὑτοὺς τῷ ΔημητρίῳDemetrius .
¹⁴¹ But when the king saw that the Antiochians were were busy in saving their children and their wives, and so did not fight any longer, he fell upon them in the narrow passages, and fought them, and slew a great many of them, till at last they were forced to throw down their arms, and to deliver themselves up to Demetrius.	¹⁴¹ When the king saw the Antiochians busy in saving their children and their wives and so no longer fighting, he attacked them in the narrow passages and fought and killed many of them, until finally they were forced to throw down their arms and to surrender to Demetrius.
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¹⁴² συγγνοὺς δ᾽ αὐτοῖς τῶν τετολμημένων καταπαύει τὴν‎ στάσιν . δωρησάμενος δὲ τοῖς ἸουδαίοιςJews τὰς ἐκ τῶν σκύλων ὠφελείας καὶ ὡς αἰτιωτάτοις τῆς νίκης αὐτῷ γεγενημένοις εὐχαριστήσας ἀπέπεμψεν εἰς ἹεροσόλυμαJerusalem πρὸς ἸωνάθηνJonathan μαρτυρῶν αὐτῷ τῆς συμμαχίας .
¹⁴² So he forgave them this their insolent behavior, and put an end to the sedition; and when he had given rewards to the Jews out of the rich spoils he had gotten, and had returned them thanks, as the cause of his victory, he sent them away to Jerusalem to Jonathan, with an ample testimony of the assistance they had afforded him.	¹⁴² So he pardoned their rash behaviour and put an end to the rebellion, and when he had given rewards to the Jews from the rich spoils he had taken and thanked them as the cause of his victory, he sent them away to Jerusalem to Jonathan, as a sign of their alliance.
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¹⁴³ ὕστερον δὲ πονηρὸς εἰς αὐτὸν ἐγένετο καὶ τὰς ὑποσχέσεις διεψεύσατο καὶ πόλεμον ἠπείλησεν , εἰ μὴ τοὺς φόρους αὐτῷ πάντας ἀποδώσει , οὓς ὤφειλεν τὸ τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews ἔθνος ἀπὸ τῶν πρώτων βασιλέων . Καὶ ταῦτ᾽ ἐποίησεν ἄν , εἰ μὴ ΤρύφωνTryphon αὐτὸν ἐπέσχεν καὶ τὴν‎ ἐπὶ τὸν ἸωνάθηνJonathan αὐτοῦ‎ παρασκευὴν ἀντιμετέσπασεν εἰς τὰς περὶ αὐτοῦ‎ φροντίδας .
¹⁴³ Yet did he prove an ill man to Jonathan afterward, and broke the promises he had made; and he threatened that he would make war upon him, unless he would pay all that tribute which the Jewish nation owed to the first kings [of Syria]. And this he had done, if Trypho had not hindered him, and diverted his preparations against Jonathan to a concern for his own preservation;	¹⁴³ Later he proved unfaithful to him and broke his promises and threatened to make war on him unless he paid all the tax the Jewish nation had paid to previous kings. This he would have done, if Tryphon had not hindered him and sidetracked his preparations against Jonathan into a concern for his own safety.
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¹⁴⁴ ὑποστρέψας γὰρ ἐκ τῆς ἈραβίαςArabia εἰς τὴν‎ ΣυρίανSyria μετὰ τοῦ παιδὸς ἈντιόχουAntiochus , μειράκιον δ᾽ ἦν οὗτος τὴν‎ ἡλικίαν , περιτίθησιν αὐτῷ τὸ διάδημα . Καὶ προσχωρήσαντος τοῦ στρατιωτικοῦ παντός , ὃ καταλελοίπει τὸν ΔημήτριονDemetrius διὰ τὸ μὴ τυγχάνειν μισθῶνwages , πόλεμον ἐκφέρει πρὸς τὸν ΔημήτριονDemetrius , καὶ συμβαλὼν αὐτῷ κρατεῖ τῇ μάχῃ καὶ τούς τε ἐλέφαντας καὶ τὴν‎ τῶν ἈντιοχέωνAntioch πόλιν λαμβάνει .
¹⁴⁴ for he now returned out of Arabia into Syria, with the child Antiochus, for he was yet in age but a youth, and put the diadem on his head; and as the whole forces that had left Demetrius, because they had no pay, came to his assistance, he made war upon Demetrius, and joining battle with him, overcame him in the fight, and took from him both his elephants and the city Antioch.	¹⁴⁴ For now he returned from Arabia into Syria with the boy Antiochus, still only a youth, and put the crown on his head, and made war on Demetrius with the support of all the soldiers who had left Demetrius for not being paid, and overcame him in battle and took from him both his elephants and the city of Antioch.
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¹⁴⁵ ΔημήτριοςDemetrius μὲν οὖν ἡττηθεὶς ἀνεχώρησεν εἰς ΚιλικίανCilicia , ὁ δὲ παῖς ἈντίοχοςAntiochus πέμψας πρὸς ἸωνάθηνJonathan πρεσβευτὰς καὶ γράμματα φίλον τε καὶ σύμμαχον αὐτὸν ἐποιεῖτο καὶ τὴν‎ ἀρχιερωσύνην ἐβεβαίου καὶ τῶν τεσσάρων παρεχώρει νομῶν , οἳ τῇ χώρᾳ τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews προσετέθησαν .
¹⁴⁵ Demetrius, upon this defeat, retired into Cilicia; but the child Antiochus sent ambassadors and an epistle to Jonathan, and made him his friend and confederate, and confirmed to him the high priesthood, and yielded up to him the four prefectures which had been added to Judea.	¹⁴⁵ Defeated, Demetrius retreated to Cilicia. Then, sending envoys and a letter to Jonathan, young Antiochus made him his friend and ally and confirmed him in the high priesthood and granted him the four prefectures which had been added to Judea.
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¹⁴⁶ ἔτι γε μὴν σκεύη χρυσᾶ καὶ ἐκπώματα καὶ πορφυρᾶν ἐσθῆτα χρῆσθαι τούτοις ἐπιτρέπων ἀπέστειλεν καὶ πόρπῃ δ᾽ αὐτὸν δωρεῖται χρυσέᾳ καὶ τῶν πρώτων αὐτοῦ‎ καλεῖσθαι φίλων . τὸν ἀδελφὸν δ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ ΣίμωναSimon στρατηγὸν τῆς στρατιᾶς ἀπὸ κλίμακος τῆς ΤυρίωνTyrians ἕως ΑἰγύπτουEgypt καθίστησιν .
¹⁴⁶ Moreover, he sent him vessels and cups of gold, and a purple garment, and gave him leave to use them. He also presented him with a golden button, and styled him one of his principal friends, and appointed his brother Simon to be the general over the forces, from the Ladder of Tyre unto Egypt.	¹⁴⁶ He also sent him vessels and cups of gold and a purple garment which he was entitled to wear, and presented him with a golden button and styled him one of his principal friends and appointed his brother Simon as general of the army from the Ladder of Tyre to Egypt.
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¹⁴⁷ ἸωνάθηςJonathan δ᾽ ἐπὶ τοῖς παρ᾽ ἈντιόχουAntiochus γεγενημένοις εἰς αὐτὸν ἡσθεὶς πέμψας πρὸς αὐτόν τε καὶ ΤρύφωναTryphon πρεσβευτὰς εἶναί τε Φίλος ὡμολόγει καὶ σύμμαχοςally καὶ πολεμήσειν σὺν αὐτῷ πρὸς ΔημήτριονDemetrius , διδάσκων ὡς οὐδ᾽ αὐτῷ χάριτας ἀποδοίη πολλῶν παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ χρηστῶν ἐν οἷς ἐδεῖτο τυχών , ἀλλὰ προσαδικήσειεν ἀνθ᾽ ὧν εὖ πάθοι .
¹⁴⁷ So Jonathan was so pleased with these grants made him by Antiochus, that he sent ambassadors to him and to Trypho, and professed himself to be their friend and confederate, and said he would join with him in a war against Demetrius, informing him that he had made no proper returns for the kindness he had done him; for that when he had received many marks of kindness from him, when he stood in great need of them, he, for such good turns, had requited him with further injuries.	¹⁴⁷ Jonathan was so pleased with these grants made to him by Antiochus, that he sent envoys to him and to Tryphon declaring himself to be their friend and ally and promising to be his ally in the war against Demetrius, saying that he had made no proper returns for the many marks of favour he had received from him in his time of need, but had repaid such good turns with further wrongs.
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¹⁴⁸ Συγχωρήσαντος οὖν ἈντιόχουAntiochus δύναμιν αὐτῷ συναγαγόντι πολλὴν ἔκ τε ΣυρίαςSyria καὶ ΦοινίκηςPhoenicia τοῖς ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius πολεμῆσαι στρατηγοῖς εὐθὺς ὥρμησεν εἰς τὰς πόλεις . αἱ δὲ λαμπρῶς μὲν ἐξεδέξαντο , στρατιὰν δ᾽ οὐκ ἔδοσαν .
¹⁴⁸ So Antiochus gave Jonathan leave to raise himself a numerous army out of Syria and Phoenicia and to make war against Demetrius’s generals; whereupon he went in haste to the several cities which received him splendidly indeed, but put no forces into his hands.	¹⁴⁸ As Antiochus allowed him to raise a large force from Syria and Phoenicia to make war against Demetrius' generals; he went quickly to the various cities which received him splendidly, but gave him no soldiers.
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¹⁴⁹ παραγενόμενος δ᾽ ἐκεῖθεν πρὸς ἈσκάλωναAskalon πόλιν καὶ τῶν ἈσκαλωνιτῶνAskalonians φιλοτίμως αὐτῷ μετὰ δώρων ἀπαντησάντων , αὐτούς τε τούτους παρεκάλει καὶ τῶν ἐν τῇ ΚοίλῃCoele ΣυρίᾳSyria πόλεων ἑκάστην ἀποστᾶσαν ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius προσθέσθαι μὲν ἈντιόχῳAntiochus , σὺν αὐτῷ δὲ πολεμούσας πειρᾶσθαι παρὰ ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius δίκην λαμβάνειν ὧν ἁμάρτοι ποτ᾽ εἰς αὐτάς · εἶναι δ᾽ αὐταῖς βουλομέναις ταῦτα φρονεῖν πολλὰς αἰτίας .
¹⁴⁹ And when he was come from thence to Askelon, the inhabitants of Askelon came and brought him presents, and met him in a splendid manner. He exhorted them, and every one of the cities of Celesyria, to forsake Demetrius, and to join with Antiochus; and, in assisting him, to endeavor to punish Demetrius for what offenses he had been guilty of against themselves; and told them there were many reasons for that their procedure, if they had a mind so to do.	¹⁴⁹ When he reached Askalon and the Askalonites came out to meet him splendidly with gifts, he urged them and all the cities of Coele-Syria to forsake Demetrius and join Antiochus, and help him to punish Demetrius for his offences against them, and gave them many reasons in favour of this.
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¹⁵⁰ πείσας δ᾽ ὁμολογῆσαι πρὸς τὸν ἈντίοχονAntiochus συμμαχεῖν τὰς πόλεις εἰς ΓάζανGaza παρεγένετο προσαξόμενος καὶ τὴν‎ παρὰ τούτων εὔνοιαν ἈντιόχῳAntiochus . πολὺ δ᾽ εὗρεν τῆς προσδοκίας τοὺς ΓαζαίουςGazites ἀλλοτριώτερον ἔχοντας · ἀπέκλεισαν γὰρ αὐτῷ τὰς πύλας καὶ τὸν ΔημήτριονDemetrius ἐγκαταλιπόντες οὐκ ἔγνωσαν ἈντιόχῳAntiochus προσχωρῆσαι .
¹⁵⁰ And when he had persuaded those cities to promise their assistance to Antiochus, he came to Gaza, in order to induce them also to be friends to Antiochus; but he found the inhabitants of Gaza much more alienated from him than he expected, for they had shut their gates against him; and although they had deserted Demetrius, they had not resolved to join themselves to Antiochus.	¹⁵⁰ After persuading those cities into an alliance with Antiochus, he came to Gaza to win them also to Antiochus' side, but he found the people of Gaza much more averse to him than expected, for they shut their gates against him, and though they had abandoned Demetrius, they had not resolved to join Antiochus.
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¹⁵¹ τοῦτο παρώξυνεν εἰς πολιορκίαν τὸν ἸωνάθηνJonathan καὶ τῆς χώρας τὴν‎ κάκωσιν · μέρος γὰρ τῆς στρατιᾶς περικαθίσας τῇ ΓάζῃGaza τῷ λοιπῷ τὴν‎ γῆν αὐτὸς ἐπιὼν διέφθειρεν καὶ ἐνεπίμπρα . ταῦτα δὲ πάσχοντας ἑαυτοὺς ὁρῶντες οἱ ΓαζῖταιGaza-ites καὶ μηδεμίαν ἀπὸ ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius βοήθειαν αὐτοῖς γινομένην , ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν λυποῦν ἤδη παρόν , τὸ δ᾽ ὠφελῆσον μακρὰν ἔτι καὶ ἄδηλον εἰ παραγένοιτο , σῶφρον ἔκριναν εἶναι τοῦτ᾽ ἀφέντες παραμένειν ἐκεῖνο θεραπεύειν .
¹⁵¹ This provoked Jonathan to besiege them, and to harass their country; for as he set a part of his army round about Gaza itself, so with the rest he overran their land, and spoiled it, and burnt what was in it. When the of Gaza saw themselves in this state of affliction, and that no assistance came to them from Demetrius, that what distressed them was at hand, but what should profit them was still at a great distance, and it was uncertain whether it would come at all or not, they thought it would be prudent conduct to leave off any longer continuance with them, and to cultivate friendship with the other;	¹⁵¹ This provoked Jonathan to besiege them and damage their district. He set part of his army around Gaza itself. With the rest, he overran their land and despoiled and burned it. When the people of Gaza saw their plight, with no help coming from Demetrius, troubles close at hand, and assistance far away and uncertain to come, they thought it prudent to cease one alliance and to cultivate the other.
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¹⁵² πέμψαντες οὖν πρὸς τὸν ἸωνάθηνJonathan φιλίαν τε ὡμολόγουν καὶ συμμαχίαν · οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἄνθρωποι πρὸ πείρας τῶν δεινῶν οὐ συνιᾶσιν τὸ συμφέρον , ἀλλ᾽ ὅταν ἔν τινι κακῷ γενόμενοι τύχωσιν , τότε γνωσιμαχήσαντες ἃ μηδ᾽ ὅλως βλαβέντας ἄμεινον ἦν ποιεῖν ταῦθ᾽ ὕστερον ζημιωθέντες αἱροῦνται .
¹⁵² so they sent to Jonathan, and professed they would be his friends, and afford him assistance: for such is the temper of men, that before they have had the trial of great afflictions, they do not understand what is for their advantage; but when they find themselves under such afflictions, they then change their minds, and what it had been better for them to have done before they had been at all damaged, they choose to do, but not till after they have suffered such damages.	¹⁵² So they sent to Jonathan offering friendship and military alliance. Such is the temper of men, that until they experience hardships they do not know what is good for them, but after enduring evils they change their minds and choose what they should have done before suffering such harm.
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¹⁵³ ὁ δὲ συνθέμενος πρὸς αὐτοὺς φιλίαν καὶ λαβὼν ὁμήρους τούτους μὲν ἀπέστειλεν εἰς ἹεροσόλυμαJerusalem , αὐτὸς δὲ τὴν‎ χώραν ἅπασαν ἐπῆλθεν ἄχρι ΔαμασκοῦDamascus .
¹⁵³ However, he made a league of friendship with them, and took from them hostages for their performance of it, and sent these hostages to Jerusalem, while he went himself over all the country, as far as Damascus.	¹⁵³ He made a pact of friendship with them and took hostages and sent them to Jerusalem, while he himself overran the whole region, as far as Damascus.
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¹⁵⁴ Τῶν δὲ ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius στρατηγῶν ἀκουσθέντων αὐτῷ προελθεῖν εἰς ΚέδασανCadesh σὺν πολλῇ στρατιᾷ , μεταξὺ δ᾽ ἐστὶν αὕτη τῆς τε ΤυρίωνTyrians γῆς καὶ τῆς ΓαλιλαίαςGalilee · ἀπάξειν γὰρ αὐτὸν ἐκ τῆς ΣυρίαςSyria ὑπέλαβον ἐπὶ τὴν‎ τῶν ΓαλιλαίωνGalilee συμμαχίαν · τῆς γὰρ ΓαλιλαίαςGalilee ὄντας αὐτοὺς οὐ περιόψεσθαι πολεμουμένους · ὑπήντησεν αὐτοῖς τὸν ἀδελφὸν ΣίμωναSimon καταλιπὼν ἐν τῇ ἸουδαίᾳJudea ,
¹⁵⁴ But when he heard that the generals of Demetrius’s forces were come to the city Cadesh with a numerous army, (the place lies between the land of the Tyrians and Galilee,)for they supposed they should hereby draw him out of Syria, in order to preserve Galilee, and that he would not overlook the Galileans, who were his own people, when war was made upon them, he went to meet them,	¹⁵⁴ Then he heard that Demetrius' generals had come with a large army to the city of Cadesh, between the land of the Tyrians and Galilee, for they thought to draw him out of Syria in order to save Galilee and that he would not neglect the people of Galilee when war was made on them,
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¹⁵⁵ ὃς στρατὸν ἐκ τῆς χώρας συναγαγὼν ὡς ἐνῆν ἱκανώτατον τὴν‎ ΒεθσούρανBethsura πολιορκῶν προσεκάθητο χωρίον τῆς ἸουδαίαςJudea ὀχυρώτατον · κατεῖχεν γὰρ αὐτὸ φρουρὰ ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius . δεδήλωται δ᾽ ἡμῖν τοῦτο καὶ πρότερον .
¹⁵⁵ having left Simon in Judea, who raised as great an army as he was able out of the country, and then sat down before Bethsura, and besieged it, that being the strongest place in all Judea; and a garrison of Demetrius’s kept it, as we have already related.	¹⁵⁵ He went to meet them, leaving Simon in Judea, who raised from the country as great an army as he could and then set to besiege Bethsura, the strongest place in all Judea, held, as we have said, by a garrison belonging to Demetrius.
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¹⁵⁶ ὡς δὲ χώματα μὲν ἐγείραντος τοῦ ΣίμωνοςSimon , μηχανήματα δ᾽ ἱστάντος καὶ πολλῇ σπουδῇ χρωμένου περὶ τὴν‎ τῆς ΒεθσούρουBethsura πολιορκίαν ἔδεισαν οἱ φρουροί , μὴ κατὰ κράτος ἐξαιρεθέντος τοῦ χωρίου διαφθαρῶσιν , πέμψαντες πρὸς τὸν ΣίμωναSimon ἠξίουν ὅρκους λαβόντες , ὥστε μηδὲν ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ παθεῖν , καταλιπεῖν τὸ χωρίον καὶ πρὸς ΔημήτριονDemetrius ἀπελθεῖν .
¹⁵⁶ But as Simon was raising banks, and bringing his engines of war against Bethsura, and was very earnest about the siege of it, the garrison was afraid lest the place should be taken of Simon by force, and they put to the sword; so they sent to Simon, and desired the security of his oath, that they should come to no harm from him, and that they would leave the place, and go away to Demetrius.	¹⁵⁶ But as Simon was raising earthworks and bringing his machines of war against Bethsura and pressing on with the siege, the garrison feared that he would take the place by storm and they be put to the sword, so they sent to Simon requesting his sworn guarantee not to harm them but let them leave the place and go off to Demetrius.
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¹⁵⁷ ὁ δὲ δοὺς ταύτας αὐτοῖς τὰς πίστεις ἐκβάλλει μὲν ἐκείνους ἐκ τῆς πόλεως , αὐτὸς δὲ φρουρὰν καθίστησιν ἰδίαν .
¹⁵⁷ Accordingly he gave them his oath, and ejected them out of the city, and he put therein a garrison of his own.	¹⁵⁷ He gave them his oath and expelled them from the city and put in it a garrison of his own.
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¹⁵⁸ ἸωνάθηςJonathan δὲ ἄρας ἐκ τῆς ΓαλιλαίαςGalilee ἀπὸ τῶν ὑδάτων τῶν ΓενησάρωνGennesar λεγομένων , ἐκεῖ γὰρ ἐτύγχανεν ἐστρατοπεδευκώς , εἰς τὸ καλούμενον ἈσὼρAsor πεδίον προῆλθεν οὐκ εἰδὼς ὄντας ἐν αὐτῇ τοὺς πολεμίους .
¹⁵⁸ But Jonathan removed out of Galilee, and from the waters which are called Gennesar, for there he was before encamped, and came into the plain that is called Asor, without knowing that the enemy was there.	¹⁵⁸ Jonathan moved from Galilee, from the waters known as Gennesar, where he had been camped, and came into the plain called Asor, without knowing that the enemy was there.
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¹⁵⁹ μαθόντες δὲ πρὸ μιᾶς ἡμέρας οἱ τοῦ ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius μέλλειν ἸωνάθηνJonathan ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς βαδίζειν ἐνέδραν αὐτῷ καὶ τοὺς λοχήσοντας ἐν τῷ ὄρει καθίσαντες αὐτοὶ μετὰ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἀπήντωνto move from to meet εἰς τὸ πεδίον · οὓς ἰδὼν ὁ ἸωνάθηςJonathan ἑτοίμους πρὸς μάχην παρεσκευάζετο καὶ αὐτὸς τοὺς ἰδίους στρατιώτας πρὸς τὸν ἀγῶνα , ὡς ἠδύνατο .
¹⁵⁹ When therefore Demetrius’s men knew a day beforehand that Jonathan was coming against them, they laid an ambush in the mountain, who were to assault him on the sudden, while they themselves met him with an army in the plain; which army, when Jonathan saw ready to engage him, he also got ready his own soldiers for the battle as well as he was able;	¹⁵⁹ When therefore Demetrius' men knew a day in advance that Jonathan was coming against them, they set an ambush on the mountainside, while they themselves met him with an army in the plain. And when Jonathan saw them ready to engage him, he also prepared his own soldiers as best he could for the battle.
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¹⁶⁰ τῶν δὲ εἰς τὴν‎ ἐνέδραν ὑπὸ τῶν ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius στρατηγῶν κατασταθέντων κατὰ νώτου τοῖς ἸουδαίοιςJews γενομένων , δείσαντες μὴ μέσοι ληφθέντες ἀπόλωνται , φεύγειν ὥρμησαν .
¹⁶⁰ but those that were laid in ambush by Demetrius’s generals being behind them, the Jews were afraid lest they should be caught in the midst between two bodies, and perish; so they ran away in haste,	¹⁶⁰ But when the Jews saw behind them the ambush set by Demetrius' generals, they feared being caught in the middle and killed so they quickly fled away.
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¹⁶¹ καὶ οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι πάντες τὸν ἸωνάθηνJonathan κατέλιπον , ὀλίγοι δέ τινες ὡς περὶ πεντήκοντα τὸν ἀριθμὸν ὑπέμειναν , καὶ ΜατθίαςMattathias, Matthias ὁ ἈψαλώμουAbsalom καὶ ἸούδαςJudas ὁ ΧαψέουChapseus τῆς ἁπάσης δυνάμεως ἡγεμόνες ὄντες · τολμηρῶς δὲ καὶ μετὰ ἀπογνώσεως εἰς τοὺς πολεμίους ὠσάμενοι τῷ τε θάρσει κατέπληξαν αὐτοὺς καὶ ταῖς χερσὶν ἀπέστρεψαν εἰς φυγήν .
¹⁶¹ and indeed all the rest left Jonathan; but a few there were, in number about fifty, who staid with him, and with them Mattathias, the son of Absalom, and Judas, the son of Chapseus, who were commanders of the whole army. These marched boldly, and like men desperate, against the enemy, and so pushed them, that by their courage they daunted them, and with their weapons in their hands they put them to flight.	¹⁶¹ Almost all of them abandoned Jonathan, but about fifty remained with him including Mattathias, son of Absalom and Judas, son of Chapseus, officers of the army. These marched boldly and desperately against the enemy and pushed them so hard that they alarmed them by their courage and brandishing their weapons put them to flight.
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¹⁶² οἱ δ᾽ ἀναχωρήσαντες τῶν ἸωνάθουJonathan στρατιωτῶν ὡς εἶδον τοὺς πολεμίους τραπέντας , ἐπισυλλεγέντες ἐκ τῆς φυγῆς ὥρμησαν αὐτοὺς διώκειν καὶ τοῦτ᾽ ἐποίησαν μέχρι ΚεδάσωνCadesh , οὗ τὸ στρατόπεδον ἦν τοῖς πολεμίοις .
¹⁶² And when those soldiers of Jonathan that had retired saw the enemy giving way, they got together after their flight, and pursued them with great violence; and this did they as far as Cadesh, where the camp of the enemy lay.	¹⁶² When Jonathan's soldiers who had retreated saw the enemy giving way, they turned from their flight and vigorously pursued them as far as Cadesh, where the enemy camp lay.
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¹⁶³ Κρατήσας οὖν ἸωνάθηςJonathan τῇ μάχῃ λαμπρῶς καὶ δισχιλίους τῶν ἐχθρῶν ἀποκτείνας ὑπέστρεψεν εἰς ἹεροσόλυμαJerusalem . ὁρῶν οὖν , ὅτι πάντ᾽ αὐτῷ κατὰ νοῦν προνοίᾳ θεοῦ χωρεῖ , πρὸς ῬωμαίουςRomans πρεσβευτὰς ἀπέστειλεν , ἀνανεώσασθαι βουλόμενος τὴν‎ γενομένην τῷ ἔθνει πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἔμπροσθεν φιλίαν .
¹⁶³ Jonathan having thus gotten a glorious victory, and slain two thousand of the enemy, returned to Jerusalem. So when he saw that all his affairs prospered according to his mind, by the providence of God, he sent ambassadors to the Romans, being desirous of renewing that friendship which their nation had with them formerly.	¹⁶³ After winning a glorious victory and killing two thousand of the enemy, Jonathan returned to Jerusalem, and seeing all of his affairs prospering as he hoped, by the providence of God, he sent envoys to the Romans, being eager to renew their nation's former friendship with them.
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¹⁶⁴ τοῖς δ᾽ αὐτοῖς πρεσβευταῖς ἐπέστειλεν ἀπὸ τῆς ῬώμηςRome ἀναστρέφουσιν πρὸς τοὺς ΣπαρτιάταςSpartans ἀφικέσθαι καὶ τὴν‎ πρὸς αὐτοὺς ὑπομνῆσαι φιλίαν καὶ συγγένειαν . οἱ δ᾽ ὡς ἦλθον εἰς τὴν‎ ῬώμηνRome παρελθόντες εἰς τὴν‎ βουλὴν αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ παρὰ ἸωνάθουJonathan τοῦ ἀρχιερέως εἰπόντες , ὡς πέμψειεν αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ τῇ τῆς συμμαχίας βεβαιώσει ,
¹⁶⁴ He enjoined the same ambassadors, that, as they came back, they should go to the Spartans, and put them in mind of their friendship and kindred. So when the ambassadors came to Rome, they went into their senate, and said what they were commanded by Jonathan the high priest to say, how he had sent them to confirm their friendship.	¹⁶⁴ He told those envoys, that on their return they should go to the Spartans and remind them of the friendship and family ties between them. When the envoys came to Rome, they went into the Senate and said as the high priest Jonathan had directed, that they were sent to confirm their alliance.
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¹⁶⁵ τῆς βουλῆς ἐπικυρωσάσης τὰ πρότερον αὐτῇ περὶ τῆς ἸουδαίωνJews φιλίας ἐγνωσμένα καὶ δούσης ἐπιστολὰς πρὸς ἅπαντας τοὺς βασιλεῖς τῆς ἈσίαςAsia καὶ ΕὐρώπηςEurope καὶ τῶν πόλεων ἄρχοντας αὐτοῖς κομίζειν , ὅπως ἀσφαλοῦς τῆς εἰς τὴν‎ οἰκείαν κομιδῆς δι᾽ αὐτῶν τύχωσιν , ἀναστρέφοντες εἰς τὴν‎ ΣπάρτηνSparta παρεγένοντο καὶ τὰς ἐπιστολάς , ἃς ἔλαβον παρὰ ἸωνάθουJonathan , αὐτοῖς ἀπέδοσαν .
¹⁶⁵ The senate then confirmed what had been formerly decreed concerning their friendship with the Jews, and gave them letters to carry to all the kings of Asia and Europe, and to the governors of the cities, that they might safely conduct them to their own country. Accordingly, as they returned, they came to Sparta, and delivered the epistle which they had received of Jonathan to them;	¹⁶⁵ The Senate confirmed what had been formerly decreed about their friendship with the Jews and gave them letters to take to all the kings of Asia and Europe and to the officers of the cities, to provide them with safe conduct to their homeland. On their return journey they went to Sparta and delivered to them the letter they had received from Jonathan,
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¹⁶⁶ τὸ δ᾽ ἀντίγραφον ἦν τόδε · " ἀρχιερεὺς ἸωνάθηςJonathan τοῦ ἔθνους τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews καὶ ἡ γερουσία καὶ τὸ κοινὸν τῶν ἱερέων ΛακεδαιμονίωνSpartans ἐφόροις καὶ γερουσίᾳ καὶ δήμῳ τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς χαίρειν . εἰ ἐρρωμένοις ὑμῖν καὶ τὰ κοινὰ καὶ τὰ ἴδια χωρεῖ κατὰ νοῦν , οὕτως ἂν ἔχοι ὡς βουλόμεθα , ἐρρώμεθα δὲ καὶ ἡμεῖς .
¹⁶⁶ a copy of which here follows: “Jonathan the high priest of the Jewish nation, and the senate, and body of the people of the Jews, to the ephori, and senate, and people of the Lacedemonians, send greeting. If you be well, and both your public and private affairs be agreeable to your mind, it is according to our wishes. We are well also.	¹⁶⁶ Here is a copy of it: "Jonathan the high priest of the Jewish nation and the elders and community of the priests, to our brothers the Ephoroi and senate and people of the Spartans, greetings. If you are well and your public and private affairs flourish as you desire, it is our desire too. And we are also well.
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¹⁶⁷ ἐπειδὴ τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν χρόνοις κομισθείσης ὈνίᾳOnias τῷ γενομένῳ ἀρχιερεῖ παρ᾽ ἡμῖν παρὰ ἈρέωςAreus τοῦ βασιλεύσαντος ὑμῶν ἐπιστολῆς διὰ ΔημοτέλουςDemoteles περὶ τῆς ὑπαρχούσης ὑμῖν πρὸς ἡμᾶς συγγενείας , ἧς ὑποτέτακται τὸ ἀντίγραφον , τήν τε ἐπιστολὴν ἐδεξάμεθα προθύμως καὶ τῷ Δημοτέλει καὶ τῷ ἈρεῖAreus εὐνοικῶς διετέθημεν , οὐ δεόμενοι τῆς τοιαύτης ἀποδείξεως διὰ τὸ ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν ἡμῶν πεπιστεῦσθαι γραμμάτων ,
¹⁶⁷ When in former times an epistle was brought to Onias, who was then our high priest, from Areus, who at that time was your king, by Demoteles, concerning the kindred that was between us and you, a copy of which is here subjoined, we both joyfully received the epistle, and were well pleased with Demoteles and Areus, although we did not need such a demonstration, because we were well satisfied about it from the sacred writings	¹⁶⁷ When in times past a letter was brought by Demoteles to Onias, our then high priest, from Areus, who was your king, about the bond of kinship between us and you, a copy of which is attached, we received the letter joyfully and were well pleased with Demoteles and Areus, although we needed no such proof, since the sacred writings assured us of it.
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¹⁶⁸ τὸ μὲν προκατάρχειν τῆς ἀναγνωρίσεως οὐδὲ δοκιμάζομεν μὴ καὶ προαρπάζειν δοκῶμεν τὴν‎ παρ᾽ ὑμῶν διδομένην δόξαν , πολλῶν δὲ χρόνων διαγενομένων ἀπὸ τῆς ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἀναποληθείσης ἡμῖν οἰκειότητος ἐν ταῖς ἱεραῖς καὶ ἐπωνύμοις ἡμέραις θυσίας τῷ θεῷ προσφέροντες καὶ ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμετέρας σωτηρίας τε καὶ νίκης αὐτὸν παρακαλοῦμεν .
¹⁶⁸ yet did not we think fit first to begin the claim of this relation to you, lest we should seem too early in taking to ourselves the glory which is now given us by you. It is a long time since this relation of ours to you hath been renewed; and when we, upon holy and festival days, offer sacrifices to God, we pray to him for your preservation and victory.	¹⁶⁸ Still, we do not think fit to begin to claim this bond with you lest we should seem too quick to assume the glory with which you now honour us. It is a long time since our bond with you has been renewed, and when on holy festival days, we offer sacrifices to God, we pray to him for your safety and victory.
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¹⁶⁹ πολλῶν δ᾽ ἡμᾶς πολέμων περιστάντων διὰ τὴν‎ τῶν γειτνιώντων πλεονεξίαν οὔθ᾽ ὑμῖν οὔτ᾽ ἄλλῳ τῶν προσηκόντων ἡμῖν ἐνοχλεῖν ἐκρίναμεν . καταγωνισάμενοι δὲ τοὺς πολεμίους πέμποντες πρὸς ῬωμαίουςRomans ΝουμήνιονNumenius τὸν ἈντιόχουAntiochus καὶ ἈντίπατρονAntipater τὸν ἸάσονοςJason τῶν ἀπὸ τῆς γερουσίας ὄντων παρ᾽ ἡμῖν ἐν τιμῇ , ἐδώκαμεν αὐτοῖς καὶ πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐπιστολάς , ὅπως ἀνανεώσωνται τὴν‎ πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἡμῖν συγγένειαν .
¹⁶⁹ As to ourselves, although we have had many wars that have compassed us around, by reason of the covetousness of our neighbors, yet did not we determine to be troublesome either to you, or to others that were related to us; but since we have now overcome our enemies, and have occasion to send Numenius the son of Antiochus, and Antipater the son of Jason, who are both honorable men belonging to our senate, to the Romans, we gave them this epistle to you also, that they might renew that friendship which is between us.	¹⁶⁹ For ourselves, though many wars have surrounded us through the greed of our neighbours, we did not want to trouble you or others related to us, but now that we have defeated our enemies and have occasion to send to Rome honoured men of our senate, Numenius the son of Antiochus and Antipater the son of Jason, we also gave them this letter to you, to renew our mutual friendship.
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¹⁷⁰ καλῶς οὖν ποιήσετε καὶ αὐτοὶ γράφοντες ἡμῖν καὶ περὶ ὧν ἂν δέησθε ἐπιστέλλοντες , ὡς εἰς ἅπαντα προθυμησομένοις ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμετέρας προαιρέσεως . οἱ μὲν οὖν ΛακεδαιμόνιοιSpartans τούς τε πρεσβευτὰς φιλοφρόνως ὑπεδέξαντο καὶ ψήφισμα ποιησάμενοι περὶ συμμαχίας καὶ φιλίας πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἀπέστειλαν .
¹⁷⁰ You will therefore do well yourselves to write to us, and send us an account of what you stand in need of from us, since we are in all things disposed to act according to your desires.” So the Lacedemonians received the ambassadors kindly, and made a decree for friendship and mutual assistance, and sent it to them.	¹⁷⁰ It would be fine if you yourselves were to write to us an account of what you may need from us, as we are in all things disposed to act according to your wishes." The Spartans received the envoys kindly and made a decree of friendship and military alliance and sent it to them.
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¹⁷¹ Κατὰ δὲ τὸν χρόνον τοῦτον τρεῖς αἱρέσεις τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews ἦσαν , αἳ περὶ τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων πραγμάτων διαφόρως ὑπελάμβανον , ὧν ἡ μὲν ΦαρισαίωνPharisees ἐλέγετο , ἡ δὲ ΣαδδουκαίωνSadducees , ἡ τρίτη δὲ ἘσσηνῶνEssenes .
¹⁷¹ At this time there were three sects among the Jews, who had different opinions concerning human actions; the one was called the sect of the Pharisees, another the sect of the Sadducees, and the other the sect of the Essenes.	¹⁷¹ Meanwhile there were three sects among the Jews, who had different opinions about human actions; the first was of the Pharisees, the second of the Sadducees and the third of the Essenes.
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¹⁷² οἱ μὲν οὖν ΦαρισαῖοιPharisees τινὰ καὶ οὐ πάντα τῆς εἱμαρμένης ἔργον εἶναι λέγουσιν , τινὰ δ᾽ ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτοῖς ὑπάρχειν συμβαίνειν τε καὶ μὴ γίνεσθαι . τὸ δὲ τῶν ἘσσηνῶνEssenes γένος πάντων τὴν‎ εἱμαρμένην κυρίαν ἀποφαίνεται καὶ μηδὲν ὃ μὴ κατ᾽ ἐκείνης ψῆφον ἀνθρώποις ἀπαντᾶν .
¹⁷² Now for the Pharisees, they say that some actions, but not all, are the work of fate, and some of them are in our own power, and that they are liable to fate, but are not caused by fate. But the sect of the Essenes affirm, that fate governs all things, and that nothing befalls men but what is according to its determination.	¹⁷² The Pharisees say that some actions, but not all, are the work of fate while some of them are in our own power and are not caused by fate. But the sect of the Essenes affirm that fate governs all things and that nothing befalls men except at its decree.
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¹⁷³ ΣαδδουκαῖοιSadducees δὲ τὴν‎ μὲν εἱμαρμένην ἀναιροῦσιν οὐδὲν εἶναι ταύτην ἀξιοῦντες οὐδὲ κατ᾽ αὐτὴν τὰ ἀνθρώπινα τέλος λαμβάνειν , ἅπαντα δὲ ἐφ᾽ ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς κεῖσθαι , ὡς καὶ τῶν ἀγαθῶν αἰτίους ἡμᾶς γινομένους καὶ τὰ χείρω παρὰ τὴν‎ ἡμετέραν ἀβουλίαν λαμβάνοντας . ἀλλὰ περὶ μὲν τούτων ἀκριβεστέραν πεποίημαι δήλωσιν ἐν τῇ δευτέρᾳ βίβλῳ τῆς ἸουδαικῆςJudaic πραγματείας .
¹⁷³ And for the Sadducees, they take away fate, and say there is no such thing, and that the events of human affairs are not at its disposal; but they suppose that all our actions are in our own power, so that we are ourselves the causes of what is good, and receive what is evil from our own folly. However, I have given a more exact account of these opinions in the second book of the Jewish War.	¹⁷³ The Sadducees deny fate and say there is no such thing and that the events of human affairs are not at its disposal, but that all our actions are in our own power, so that we are ourselves the causes of what is good and receive what is evil from our own foolishness. But I have given a more detailed account of these opinions in the second book of the Judaic War.
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¹⁷⁴ Οἱ δὲ τοῦ ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius στρατηγοὶ τὴν‎ γεγενημένην ἧτταν ἀναμαχέσασθαι βουλόμενοι , πλείω τῆς προτέρας δύναμιν συναγαγόντες ἦλθον ἐπὶ τὸν ἸωνάθηνJonathan . ὁ δὲ ἐπιόντας πυθόμενος ὀξέως ἀπήντησεν αὐτοῖς εἰς τὴν‎ ἈμαθῖτινHamathitis · οὐ γὰρ ἔγνω σχολὴν αὐτοῖς παρασχεῖν , ὥστ᾽ εἰς τὴν‎ ἸουδαίανJudea ἐμβαλεῖν .
¹⁷⁴ But now the generals of Demetrius being willing to recover the defeat they had had, gathered a greater army together than they had before, and came against Jonathan; but as soon as he was informed of their coming, he went suddenly to meet them, to the country of Hamoth, for he resolved to give them no opportunity of coming into Judea;	¹⁷⁴ The generals of Demetrius wanting to recover from their defeat, gathered a greater army than before and came against Jonathan, but hearing of their coming he went quickly to Hamathitis to meet them, intending not to give them time to come into Judea.
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¹⁷⁵ Στρατοπεδευσάμενος δὲ τῶν πολεμίων ἄπωθεν σταδίοις πεντήκοντα πέμπει τοὺς κατοψομένους αὐτῶν τὴν‎ παρεμβολὴν καὶ πῶς εἶεν ἐστρατοπεδευκότες . τῶν δὲ κατασκόπων πάντ᾽ αὐτῷ φρασάντων καί τινας συλλαβόντων νυκτός , οἳ αὐτοῖς μέλλειν ἐπιτίθεσθαι τοὺς πολεμίους ἐμήνυον , προγνοὺς ἠσφαλίσατο ,
¹⁷⁵ so he pitched his camp at fifty furlongs’ distance from the enemy, and sent out spies to take a view of their camp, and after what manner they were encamped. When his spies had given him full information, and had seized upon some of them by night, who told him the enemy would soon attack him, he, thus apprised beforehand,	¹⁷⁵ He encamped fifty furlongs away from the enemy and sent out spies to view their enclosure and see how they were encamped. His spies had given him full information and they had taken some prisoners at night, who told him that the enemy would soon attack him. With this advance knowledge, he kept guard
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¹⁷⁶ προφυλακάς τε ποιησάμενος ἔξω τοῦ στρατοπέδου καὶ τὴν‎ δύναμιν δι᾽ ὅλης τῆς νυκτὸς ἐν τοῖς ὅπλοις ἔχων ἅπασαν καὶ παρηγγελκὼς αὐτοῖς τὰς ψυχὰς ἐρρωμένους εἶναι καὶ ταῖς διανοίαις οὕτως ἔχειν , ὡς καὶ διὰ τῆς νυκτὸς εἰ δεήσειε μαχεσομένους , ὥστε μὴ λαθεῖν αὐτῶν τὴν‎ προαίρεσιν .
¹⁷⁶ provided for his security, and placed watchmen beyond his camp, and kept all his forces armed all night; and he gave them a charge to be of good courage, and to have their minds prepared to fight in the night time, if they should be obliged so to do, lest their enemy’s designs should seem concealed from them.	¹⁷⁶ and placed watchmen outside his camp and kept his forces armed all night, and rallied their spirits to be prepared to fight by night, if they had to, in case their enemy had a secret plan.
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¹⁷⁷ οἱ δὲ τοῦ ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius στρατηγοὶ πυθόμενοιto ask, inquire τὸν ἸωνάθηνJonathan ἐγνωκότα οὐκέτι τὴν‎ γνώμην ἦσαν ὑγιεῖς , ἀλλ᾽ ἐτάραττεν αὐτοὺς τὸ καταφώρους τοῖς ἐχθροῖς γεγονέναι καὶ μηδενὶ προσδοκᾶν αὐτῶν ἐπικρατήσειν ἑτέρῳ τῆς ἐπιβουλῆς διημαρτημένης · ἐκ γὰρ τοῦ φανεροῦ διακινδυνεύοντες οὐκ ἐνόμιζον εἶναι τοῖς ἸωνάθουJonathan ἀξιόμαχοι .
¹⁷⁷ But when Demetrius’s commanders were informed that Jonathan knew what they intended, their counsels were disordered, and it alarmed them to find that the enemy had discovered those their intentions; nor did they expect to overcome them any other way, now they had failed in the snares they had laid for them; for should they hazard an open battle, they did not think they should be a match for Jonathan’s army,	¹⁷⁷ When Demetrius' officers were told that Jonathan knew what they intended, their plans went awry and they were alarmed to find that the enemy knew of their intentions. They had no other hopes of defeating them now that their traps had failed, for they did not think they could match Jonathan's army if they risked an open battle.
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¹⁷⁸ φυγὴν οὖν ἐβουλεύσαντο , καὶ πυρὰ καύσαντες πολλά , ὡς ὁρῶντες οἱ πολέμιοι μένειν αὐτοὺς ὑπολάβοιεν , ἀνεχώρησαν . ὁ δὲ ἸωνάθηςJonathan ἕωθεν προσμίξας αὐτῶν τῷ στρατοπέδῳ καὶ καταλαβὼν ἔρημον αὐτό , συνεὶς ὅτι πεφεύγασιν ἐδίωκεν .
¹⁷⁸ so they resolved to fly; and having lighted many fires, that when the enemy saw them they might suppose they were there still, they retired. But when Jonathan came to give them battle in the morning in their camp, and found it deserted, and understood they were fled, he pursued them;	¹⁷⁸ They decided to flee, and retreated after lighting many fires so that when the enemy saw them they would think they were still there. When in the morning Jonathan came to fight them in their camp and found it deserted and saw that they had fled, he set off in pursuit.
¹⁷⁸ Barach

¹⁷⁹ οὐ μέντοι φθάνει καταλαβεῖν · ἤδη γὰρ τὸν ἘλεύθερονEleutherus ποταμὸν διαβεβηκότες ἦσαν ἐν ἀσφαλεῖ . ποιησάμενος οὖν ἐκεῖθεν τὴν‎ ὑποστροφὴν εἰς τὴν‎ ἈραβίανArabia καὶ πολεμήσας τοὺς ΝαβατηνοὺςNabateans καὶ πολλὴν αὐτῶν λείαν ἀπελάσαςto drive away, expel καὶ λαβὼν αἰχμαλώτους ἐλθὼν εἰς ΔαμασκὸνDamascus ἐκεῖ πάντα ἀπέδοτο .
¹⁷⁹ yet he could not overtake them, for they had already passed over the river Eleutherus, and were out of danger. So when Jonathan was returned thence, he went into Arabia, and fought against the Nabateans, and drove away a great deal of their prey, and took [many] captives, and came to Damascus, and there sold off what he had taken.	¹⁷⁹ He could not overtake them, however, for they had already crossed the river Eleutherus and were out of danger. Returning from there, he went into Arabia and fought against the Nabateans and drove away a large amount of their booty and took prisoners and came to Damascus and there sold off what he had taken.
¹⁷⁹ Barach

¹⁸⁰ ὑπὸ δὲ τὸν αὐτὸν καιρὸν καὶ ΣίμωνSimon ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ‎ τὴν‎ ἸουδαίανJudea ἅπασαν ἐπελθὼν καὶ τὴν‎ ΠαλαιστίνηνPalestine ἕως ἈσκάλωνοςAskalon ἠσφαλίσατο φρουρίοις , καὶ ποιήσας ταῦτα καὶ τοῖς οἰκοδομήμασιν ὀχυρώτατα καὶ ταῖς φυλακαῖς ἦλθεν εἰς ἸόππηνJoppa καὶ καταλαβόμενος αὐτὴν εἰσήγαγεν μεγάλην φρουράν · ἤκουσε γὰρ τοὺς ἸοππηνοὺςJoppa βουλομένους τοῖς ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius στρατηγοῖς παραδοῦναι τὴν‎ πόλιν .
¹⁸⁰ About the same time it was that Simon his brother went over all Judea and Palestine, as far as Askelon, and fortified the strong holds; and when he had made them very strong, both in the edifices erected, and in the garrisons placed in them, he came to Joppa; and when he had taken it, he brought a great garrison into it, for he heard that the people of Joppa were disposed to deliver up the city to Demetrius’s generals.	¹⁸⁰ About the same time his brother Simon went through all of Judea and Palestine, as far as Askalon and fortified the strongholds. When he had fortified them both with buildings and the garrisons placed within them, he came to Joppa, and after taking it brought a large garrison into it, for he heard that the people of Joppa were disposed to hand over the city to Demetrius' generals.
¹⁸⁰ Barach

¹⁸¹ Ταῦτ᾽ οὖν διοικησάμενοι ὅ τε ΣίμωνSimon καὶ ἸωνάθηςJonathan ἦλθον εἰς ἹεροσόλυμαJerusalem . συναγαγὼν δὲ τὸν λαὸν ἅπαντα εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν ἸωνάθηςJonathan συνεβουλεύετο τά τε τείχη τῶν ἹεροσολυμιτῶνJerusalem ἐπισκευάσαι καὶ τὸ καθῃρημένον τοῦ περὶ τὸ ἱερὸν περιβόλου πάλιν ἀναστῆσαι καὶ πύργοις ὑψηλοῖς ἐξοχυρῶσαι τὰ περὶ αὐτό ,
¹⁸¹ When Simon and Jonathan had finished these affairs, they returned to Jerusalem, where Jonathan gathered all the people together, and took counsel to restore the walls of Jerusalem, and to rebuild the wall that encompassed the temple, which had been thrown down, and to make the places adjoining stronger by very high towers;	¹⁸¹ When Simon and Jonathan had finished these matters, they returned to Jerusalem, where Jonathan gathered all the people together and took counsel to restore the walls of Jerusalem and to rebuild the wall surrounding the temple, which had been thrown down, and to strengthen the area around it with very high towers.
¹⁸¹ Barach

¹⁸² πρὸς τούτοις δὲ καὶ μέσον τῆς πόλεως ἄλλο τεῖχος ἀνοικοδομησαμένους ἀποφράξαι τοῖς ἐν τῇ ἄκρᾳ φρουροῖς τὴν‎ πόλιν καὶ τῆς εὐπορίας αὐτοὺς τῶν σιτίων τοῦτον ἀποκλεῖσαι τὸν τρόπον , ἔτι γε μὴν καὶ τὰ ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ φρούρια ποιῆσαι πολὺ τῆς ὑπαρχούσης αὐτοῖς ἀσφαλείας ὀχυρώτερα .
¹⁸² and besides that, to build another wall in the midst of the city, in order to exclude the market-place from the garrison, which was in the citadel, and by that means to hinder them from any plenty of provisions; and moreover, to make the fortresses that were in the country much stronger and more defensible than they were before.	¹⁸² Besides, he would build another wall in the middle of the city, to divide the public square from the garrison in the citadel and so deprive them of provisions. Moreover, he would make the fortresses out in the country much stronger and more defensible than they were before.
¹⁸² Barach

¹⁸³ τῆς δὲ γνώμης καὶ τῷ πλήθει δοκιμασθείσης καλῶς ἔχειν αὐτὸς μὲν τὰ κατὰ τὴν‎ πόλιν ᾠκοδόμει , ΣίμωναSimon δὲ τὰ κατὰ τὴν‎ χώραν ἐξέπεμψεν ἀσφαλισόμενον .
¹⁸³ And when these things were approved of by the multitude, as rightly proposed, Jonathan himself took care of the building that belonged to the city, and sent Simon away to make the fortresses in the country more secure than formerly.	¹⁸³ When this plan was approved by the people, Jonathan took care of the building relating to the city and sent Simon away to secure the fortresses in the country better than before.
¹⁸³ Barach

¹⁸⁴ ὁ δὲ ΔημήτριοςDemetrius διαβὰς εἰς τὴν‎ ΜεσοποταμίανMesopotamia ἧκεν ταύτην τε βουλόμενος καὶ τὴν‎ ΒαβυλῶναBabylon κατασχεῖν ,
¹⁸⁴ But Demetrius passed over [Euphrates], and came into Mesopotamia, as desirous to retain that country still, as well as Babylon;	¹⁸⁴ But Demetrius crossed into Mesopotamia, wishing to retain that country as well as Babylon,
¹⁸⁴ Barach

¹⁸⁵ καὶ τῶν ἄνω σατραπειῶν ἐγκρατὴς γενόμενος ἐντεῦθεν ποιεῖσθαι τὰς ὅλης τῆς βασιλείας ἀφορμάς · καὶ γὰρ οἱ ταύτῃ κατοικοῦντες ἝλληνεςGreeks καὶ ΜακεδόνεςMacedonians συνεχῶς ἐπρεσβεύοντο πρὸς αὐτόν , εἰ πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἀφίκοιτοto reach , παραδώσειν μὲν αὑτοὺς ὑπισχνούμενοι , συγκαταπολεμήσειν δὲ ἈρσάκηνArsaces τὸν ΠάρθωνParthians βασιλέα .
¹⁸⁵ and when he should have obtained the dominion of the upper provinces, to lay a foundation for recovering his entire kingdom; for those Greeks and Macedonians who dwelt there frequently sent ambassadors to him, and promised, that if he would come to them, they would deliver themselves up to him, and assist him in fighting against Arsaces, the king of the Parthians.	¹⁸⁵ and after taking hold of the upper satrapies to lay the foundation for recovering his entire kingdom, for those Greeks and Macedonians who lived there often sent envoys to him promising to come to his side if he would come to them, and to help him in fighting Arsaces, the king of the Parthians.
¹⁸⁵ Barach

¹⁸⁶ ταύταις ἐπαρθεὶς ταῖς ἐλπίσιν ὥρμησεν πρὸς αὐτούς , εἰ καταστρέψαιτο τοὺς ΠάρθουςParthians καὶ γένοιτ᾽ αὐτῷ δύναμις , τὸν ΤρύφωναTryphon πολεμῆσαι διεγνωκὼς καὶ τῆς ΣυρίαςSyria ἐκβαλεῖν . δεξαμένων δὲ αὐτὸν προθύμως τῶν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ , συναγαγὼν δύναμιν ἐπολέμησεν πρὸς τὸν ἈρσάκηνArsaces , καὶ τὴν‎ στρατιὰν πᾶσαν ἀποβαλὼν αὐτὸς ζῶν ἐλήφθη , καθὼς καὶ ἐν ἄλλοις δεδήλωται .
¹⁸⁶ So he was elevated with these hopes, and came hastily to them, as having resolved, that if he had once overthrown the Parthians, and gotten an army of his own, he would make war against Trypho, and eject him out of Syria; and the people of that country received him with great alacrity. So he raised forces, with which he fought against Arsaces, and lost all his army, and was himself taken alive, as we have elsewhere related.	¹⁸⁶ Buoyed up by these hopes he hurried to them, so that once he had destroyed the Parthians and had an army of his own, he would make war on Tryphon and expel him from Syria. The local people eagerly received him and he raised forces with which he fought Arsaces; but he lost all his army and was himself taken alive, as we have elsewhere reported.
¹⁸⁶ Barach

Chapter 6
[187-217]
On Jonathan's death,
Simon becomes general and high priest.
War against Tryphon

☜ ☞

¹⁸⁷ ΤρύφωνTryphon δ᾽ ἐπειδὴ τὰ περὶ τὸν ΔημήτριονDemetrius ἔγνω τοιοῦτο λαβόντα τέλος οὐκέτ᾽ ἦν ἈντιόχῳAntiochus βέβαιος , ἀλλ᾽ ἐπεβούλευεν ὥστ᾽ αὐτὸν ἀποκτείνας τὴν‎ βασιλείαν αὐτὸς κατασχεῖν . ἐνεπόδιζέ γε μὴν αὐτοῦ‎ τὴν‎ προαίρεσιν ταύτην ὁ παρὰ ἸωνάθουJonathan φόβος φίλου τυγχάνοντος ἈντιόχῳAntiochus , καὶ διὰ τοῦτ᾽ ἐκποδὼν ποιήσασθαι τὸν ἸωνάθηνJonathan πρῶτον ἔγνω καὶ τότε τοῖς περὶ τὸν ἈντίοχονAntiochus ἐγχειρεῖν .
¹⁸⁷ Now when Trypho knew what had befallen Demetrius, he was no longer firm to Antiochus, but contrived by subtlety to kill him, and then take possession of his kingdom; but the fear that he was in of Jonathan was an obstacle to this his design, for Jonathan was a friend to Antiochus, for which cause he resolved first to take Jonathan out of the way, and then to set about his design relating to Antiochus;	¹⁸⁷ Knowing what had happened to Demetrius, Tryphon no longer firmly sided with Antiochus, but plotted to kill him and take over his kingdom, but this plan was thwarted by his fear of Jonathan, who was a friend to Antiochus, so he decided to remove Jonathan first and then make his attempt on Antiochus.
¹⁸⁷ Barach

¹⁸⁸ ἀπάτῃ δ᾽ αὐτὸν καὶ δόλῳ κρίνας ἀνελεῖν εἰς ΒαιθσὰνBeth-Shean ἐκ τῆς ἈντιοχείαςAntioch παραγίνεται τὴν‎ καλουμένην ὑφ᾽ ἙλλήνωνGreeks ΣκυθόπολινScythopolis , εἰς ἣν μετὰ τεσσάρων αὐτῷ μυριάδων ἸωνάθηςJonathan ἀπήντησεν ἐπιλέκτου στρατοῦ · πολεμήσοντα γὰρ αὐτὸν ἥκειν ὑπελάμβανεν .
¹⁸⁸ but he judging it best to take him off by deceit and treachery, came from Antioch to Bethshan, which by the Greeks is called Scythopolis, at which place Jonathan met him with forty thousand chosen men, for he thought that he came to fight him;	¹⁸⁸ Thinking to remove him by deceit and treachery, he came from Antioch to Bethsan, which the Greeks call Scythopolis, where thinking that he had come to fight him, Jonathan met him with forty thousand elite troops.
¹⁸⁸ Barach

¹⁸⁹ ὁ δ᾽ ἕτοιμον εἰς μάχην γνοὺς τὸν ἸωνάθηνJonathan ὑπέρχεται δώροις αὐτὸν καὶ φιλοφρονήσει , καὶ τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν αὐτοῦ‎ πειθαρχεῖν ἸωνάθῃJonathan προσέταξεν , τούτοις πιστώσασθαι βουλόμενος εὔνοιαν καὶ πᾶσαν ὑπόνοιαν ἐξελεῖν εἰς τὸ καταφρονήσαντα λαβεῖν ἀφύλακτον οὐδὲν προορώμενονto see beforehand .
¹⁸⁹ but when he perceived that Jonathan was ready to fight, he attempted to gain him by presents and kind treatment, and gave order to his captains to obey him, and by these means was desirous to give assurance of his good-will, and to take away all suspicions out of his mind, that so he might make him careless and inconsiderate, and might take him when he was unguarded.	¹⁸⁹ But when he saw Jonathan was ready to fight, he attempted to win him over by gifts and signs of friendship and ordered his officers to defer to him, seeking in this way to give assurance of his goodwill and banish all his suspicions, to make him careless and capture him unguarded.
¹⁸⁹ Barach

¹⁹⁰ τήν τε στρατιὰν συνεβούλευεν ἀπολῦσαι · καὶ γὰρ νῦν οὐ δεόντως αὐτὴν ἐπάγεσθαιto bring on , πολέμου μὲν οὐκ ὄντος , εἰρήνης δὲ ἐχούσης τὰ πράγματα · κατασχόντα μέντοι γε περὶ αὐτὸν ὀλίγους εἰς ΠτολεμαίδαPtolemais συνελθεῖν παρεκάλει · παραδώσειν γὰρ αὐτῷ τὴν‎ πόλιν τά τε ἄλλα πάνθ᾽ ὅσα κατὰ τὴν‎ χώραν ἐστὶν ὀχυρώματα ποιήσειν ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ · καὶ γὰρ τούτων ἕνεκα παρεῖναι .
¹⁹⁰ He also advised him to dismiss his army, because there was no occasion for bringing it with him when there was no war, but all was in peace. However, he desired him to retain a few about him, and go with him to Ptolemais, for that he would deliver the city up to him, and would bring all the fortresses that were in the country under his dominion; and he told him that he came with those very designs.	¹⁹⁰ He suggested that he disband the army, for there was no need to have it with him as there was no war and peace reigned, and just to keep a few men around him and accompany him to Ptolemais, where he would surrender the city to him and bring all the strongholds in the country to submit to him saying that this was why he had come.
¹⁹⁰ Barach

¹⁹¹ Ὁ μὲν οὖν ἸωνάθηςJonathan οὐδὲν τούτων ὑπομνήματα , ἀλλ᾽ ὑπ᾽ εὐνοίας καὶ γνώμης ἀληθοῦς τὸν ΤρύφωναTryphon συμβουλεῦσαι ταῦτα πιστεύσας τὴν‎ μὲν στρατιὰν ἀπέλυσεν , τρισχιλίους δὲ κατασχὼν μόνους τοὺς μὲν δισχιλίους ἐν τῇ ΓαλιλαίᾳGalilee κατέλιπεν , αὐτὸς δὲ μετὰ τῶν χιλίων ἧκεν εἰς ΠτολεμαίδαPtolemais σὺν ΤρύφωνιTryphon .
¹⁹¹ Yet did not Jonathan suspect any thing at all by this his management, but believed that Trypho gave him this advice out of kindness, and with a sincere design. Accordingly, he dismissed his army, and retained no more than three thousand of them with him, and left two thousand in Galilee; and he himself, with one thousand, came with Trypho to Ptolemais.	¹⁹¹ Having no suspicions about this and trusting that Tryphon's advice came from goodwill and in good faith, Jonathan dismissed his army except for three thousand of them, leaving two thousand in Galilee while with one thousand, he went personally with Tryphon into Ptolemais.
¹⁹¹ Barach

¹⁹² τῶν δ᾽ ἐν τῇ ΠτολεμαίδιPtolemais κλεισάντων τὰς πύλας , τοῦτο γὰρ ἦν αὐτοῖς ὑπὸ τοῦ ΤρύφωνοςTryphon προστεταγμένον , ἸωνάθηνJonathan ἐζώγρησεν , τοὺς δὲ σὺν αὐτῷ πάντας ἀπέκτεινεν . ἔπεμψεν δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐν τῇ ΓαλιλαίᾳGalilee καταλειφθέντας δισχιλίους , ὅπως ἂν καὶ τούτους ἀπολέσωσιν ·
¹⁹² But when the people of Ptolemais had shut their gates, as it had been commanded by Trypho to do, he took Jonathan alive, and slew all that were with him. He also sent soldiers against those two thousand that were left in Galilee, in order to destroy them;	¹⁹² When the people of Ptolemais had shut their gates, as ordered by Tryphon, he took Jonathan alive but killed all who were with him, and sent soldiers to do away with the two thousand that were left in Galilee.
¹⁹² Barach

¹⁹³ ἀλλ᾽ οὗτοι μὲν ὑπὸ φήμης τῶν περὶ τὸν ἸωνάθηνJonathan συμβεβηκότων ἔφθησαν πρὶν ἢ τοὺς ὑπὸ ΤρύφωνοςTryphon ἀπεσταλμένους ἀφικέσθαι φραξάμενοι τοῖς ὅπλοις ἐκ τῆς χώρας ἀπελθεῖν . οἱ δ᾽ ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς πεμφθέντες ἰδόντες ἑτοίμους ὑπὲρ τῶν ψυχῶν ἀγωνίζεσθαι μηδὲν αὐτοῖς ἐνοχλήσαντες πρὸς τὸν ΤρύφωναTryphon ὑπέστρεψαν .
¹⁹³ but those men having heard the report of what had happened to Jonathan, they prevented the execution; and before those that were sent by Trypho came, they covered themselves with their armor, and went away out of the country. Now when those that were sent against them saw that they were ready to fight for their lives, they gave them no disturbance, but returned back to Trypho.	¹⁹³ But hearing what had happened to Jonathan, these men forestalled the arrival of those sent by Tryphon, and took their weapons and fled from the country. When those sent against them saw that they were ready to fight for their lives, they did not trouble them but returned to Tryphon.
¹⁹³ Barach

¹⁹⁴ Οἱ δ᾽ ἐν τοῖς ἹεροσολύμοιςJerusalem ἀκούσαντες τὴν‎ ἸωνάθουJonathan σύλληψιν καὶ τὴν‎ τῶν σὺν αὐτῷ στρατιωτῶν ἀπώλειαν αὐτόν τε ἐκεῖνον ἐπὶ τοῖς συμβεβηκόσιν ὠλοφύροντο καὶ δεινὴ τἀνδρὸς ἐπιζήτησις παρὰ πᾶσιν ἦν ,
¹⁹⁴ But when the people of Jerusalem heard that Jonathan was taken, and that the soldiers who were with him were destroyed, they deplored his sad fate; and there was earnest inquiry made about him by every body,	¹⁹⁴ When the people of Jerusalem heard of the capture of Jonathan and of the massacre of the soldiers who were with him, they deplored their sad fate, and all were anxiously inquiring about him.
¹⁹⁴ Barach

¹⁹⁵ δέος τε μέγα καὶ κατὰ λόγον αὐτοῖς ἐμπεσὸν ἐλύπει , μὴ τῆς ἸωνάθουJonathan ἀνδρείας ἅμα καὶ προνοίας ἀφῃρημένων τὰ περὶ ἔθνη χαλεπῶς ἔχοντα πρὸς αὐτοὺς καὶ διὰ ἸωνάθηνJonathan ἠρεμοῦντα νῦν αὐτοῖς ἐπισυστῇ καὶ πολεμοῦντες εἰς τοὺς περὶ τῶν ἐσχάτων κινδύνους ἀναγκάζωνται καθίστασθαι .
¹⁹⁵ and a great and just fear fell upon them, and made them sad, lest, now they were deprived of the courage and conduct of Jonathan, the nations about them should bear them ill-will; and as they were before quiet on account of Jonathan they should now rise up against them, and by making war with them, should force them into the utmost dangers.	¹⁹⁵ They were greatly fearful and sad lest, deprived of Jonathan's courage and leadership, the nations around them who resented them but had previously stayed at peace on account of Jonathan might now rise up and make war on them, putting them in an extremely dangerous position.
¹⁹⁵ Barach

¹⁹⁶ καὶ δὴ τοῦτ᾽ αὐτοῖς ὡς ὑπενόουν συνέπεσεν · τὸν γὰρ ἸωνάθουJonathan ἀκούσαντες θάνατον οἱ ἐκ τῶν ἐθνῶν πολεμεῖν ἤρξαντο τοὺς ἸουδαίουςJews ὡς ἀποροῦντας ἡγεμόνος . Αὐτὸς δ᾽ ὁ ΤρύφωνTryphon δύναμιν συναγαγὼν γνώμην εἶχεν ἀναβὰς εἰς τὴν‎ ἸουδαίανJudea πολεμεῖν τοὺς ἐν αὐτῇ .
¹⁹⁶ And indeed what they suspected really befell them; for when those nations heard of the death of Jonathan, they began to make war with the Jews as now destitute of a governor and Trypho himself got an army together, and had intention to go up to Judea, and make war against its inhabitants.	¹⁹⁶ What they suspected happened in fact, for when those nations heard of Jonathan's death they began a war against the Jews who were now without a ruler and Tryphon himself gathered an army intending to go up to Judea and make war on its inhabitants.
¹⁹⁶ Barach

¹⁹⁷ ΣίμωνSimon δ᾽ ὁρῶν πρὸς ταῦτα τοὺς ἹεροσολυμίταςJerusalem καταπεπληγότας , βουλόμενος αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὑποστῆναι προθύμως ἐπιόντα τὸν ΤρύφωναTryphon θαρραλεωτέρους ποιῆσαι τῷ λόγῳ , συγκαλέσας τὸν δῆμον εἰς τὸν ἱερὸν ἐντεῦθεν αὐτοὺς παρακαλεῖν ἤρξατο ·
¹⁹⁷ But when Simon saw that the people of Jerusalem were terrified at the circumstances they were in, he desired to make a speech to them, and thereby to render them more resolute in opposing Trypho when he should come against them. He then called the people together into the temple, and thence began thus to encourage them:	¹⁹⁷ When Simon saw the people of Jerusalem terrified at the circumstances at this he wanted to speak to them and rouse their courage to oppose the attack of Tryphon, so calling the people together into the temple he began to exhort them:
¹⁹⁷ Barach

¹⁹⁸ " τὸ μὲν ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμετέρας ἐλευθερίας , ὁμόφυλοιof the same race , μετὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐγώ τε καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοί μου ὡς ἐτολμήσαμεν ἀσμένως ἀποθανεῖν οὐκέτ᾽ ἀγνοεῖτε . παραδειγμάτων δὲ τοιούτων εὐποροῦντός μου κἀκ τοῦ θνήσκειν ὑπὲρ τῶν νόμων καὶ τῆς θρησκείας τοὺς ἐκ τῆς ἡμετέρας οἰκίας γενομένους ἡγησαμένου φόβος οὐδὲ εἷς ἔσται‎ τηλικοῦτος , ὃς ταύτην ἡμῶν τὴν‎ διάνοιαν ἐκβαλεῖ τῆς ψυχῆς , ἀντεισάξει δ᾽ εἰς αὐτὴν φιλοζωίαν καὶ δόξης καταφρόνησιν .
¹⁹⁸ “O my countrymen, you are not ignorant that our father, myself, and my brethren, have ventured to hazard our lives, and that willingly, for the recovery of your liberty; since I have therefore such plenty of examples before me, and we of our family have determined with ourselves to die for our laws, and our divine worship, there shall no terror be so great as to banish this resolution from our souls, nor to introduce in its place a love of life, and a contempt of glory.	¹⁹⁸ "My countrymen, you are aware that my father, I myself and my brothers, have willingly risked our lives for the sake of your freedom. Inspired by such examples from within our family we have decided to risk death for our laws and our form of worship, and no terror shall be able to banish this resolve from our souls, or replace it with a love for life and scorn for glory.
¹⁹⁸ Barach

¹⁹⁹ ὅθεν ὡς οὐκ ἀποροῦντες ἡγεμόνος οἵου τε καὶ πάσχειν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν τὰ μέγιστα καὶ δρᾶν ἕπεσθέ μοι προθύμως ἐφ᾽ οὓς ἂν ἡγῶμαι · οὔτε γὰρ κρείττων ἐγὼ τῶν ἀδελφῶν τῶν ἐμῶν , ἵνα φείδωμαι τῆς ἐμαυτοῦ ψυχῆς , οὔτε χείρων , ἵν᾽ ὃ κάλλιστον ἐκείνοις ἔδοξεν τὸ τελευτᾶν ὑπὲρ τῶν νόμων καὶ τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ θρησκείας ὑμῶν τοῦτ᾽ ἐγὼ φύγω καὶ καταλίπω .
¹⁹⁹ Do you therefore follow me with alacrity whithersoever I shall lead you, as not destitute of such a captain as is willing to suffer, and to do the greatest things for you; for neither am I better than my brethren that I should be sparing of my own life, nor so far worse than they as to avoid and refuse what they thought the most honorable of all things,—I mean, to undergo death for your laws, and for that worship of God which is peculiar to you;	¹⁹⁹ You are not, therefore, without a leader willing to suffer and to do the greatest things for you, so follow me willingly wherever I lead you, for I am neither better than my brothers so that I should spare my own life, nor worse than they so that I would avoid or refuse what they thought the most honourable thing of all, I mean, to die for our laws and for the worship of God which is special to you.
¹⁹⁹ Barach

²⁰⁰ οἷς δέ με δεῖ γνήσιον ἐκείνων ἀδελφὸν φανῆναι τούτοις ἀδελφὸν ἐμαυτὸν ἐπιδείξω · θαρρῶ γὰρ ὡς καὶ δίκην ληψόμενος παρὰ τῶν πολεμίων καὶ πάντας ὑμᾶς μετὰ γυναικῶν καὶ τέκνων τῆς ἐξ αὐτῶν ὕβρεως ῥυσόμενος καὶ τὸ ἱερὸν ἀπόρθητον μετὰ τοῦ θεοῦ διαφυλάξων · τὰ γὰρ ἔθνη βλέπω καταφρονήσαντα ὑμῶν ὡς οὐκ ἐχόντων ἡγεμόνα πρὸς τὸ πολεμεῖν ὡρμημένα ."
²⁰⁰ I will therefore give such proper demonstrations as will show that I am their own brother; and I am so bold as to expect that I shall avenge their blood upon our enemies, and deliver you all with your wives and children from the injuries they intend against you, and, with God’s assistance, to preserve your temple from destruction by them; for I see that these nations have you in contempt, as being without a governor, and that they thence are encouraged to make war against you.”	²⁰⁰ I will therefore prove myself their brother, and I dare to expect that I shall avenge their blood upon our enemies and save you all with your wives and children from any insult from them, and with God's help, to preserve your temple from destruction. For I see that these nations hold you in contempt while you are leaderless and so are encouraged to assault you with war."
²⁰⁰ Barach

²⁰¹ Τούτους ποιησαμένου τοῦ ΣίμωνοςSimon τοὺς λόγους ἀνεθάρσησεν τὸ πλῆθος , καὶ ταῖς ψυχαῖς ἐνδεδωκὸς ὑπὸ δειλίας ἀνηγέρθη πρὸς τὴν‎ ἀμείνω καὶ ἀγαθὴν ἐλπίδα , ὡς ἀθρόως πάντα τὸν λαὸν ἐκβοῆσαι τὸν ΣίμωναSimon αὐτῶν ἡγεῖσθαι καὶ ἀντὶ ἸούδουJudas καὶ ἸωνάθουJonathan τῶν ἀδελφῶν αὐτοῦ‎ τὴν‎ προστασίαν ἔχειν · ἔσεσθαι γὰρ πρὸς ὅ τι κελεύσαι πειθηνίους .
²⁰¹ By this speech of Simon he inspired the multitude with courage; and as they had been before dispirited through fear, they were now raised to a good hope of better things, insomuch that the whole multitude of the people cried out all at once that Simon should be their leader; and that instead of Judas and Jonathan his brethren, he should have the government over them; and they promised that they would readily obey him in whatsoever he should command them.	²⁰¹ By doing this Simon inspired the crowd, and as before their spirits had been downcast with fear, they were now raised to a better hope so that the whole mass of the people at once cried out for Simon to be their leader and govern them in place of his brothers Judas and Jonathan; and they promised to obey whatever commands he gave.
²⁰¹ Barach

²⁰² συναθροίσας δ᾽ εὐθὺς πᾶν ὅσον ἦν τὸ πολεμικὸν τῆς οἰκείας ἰσχύος ἔσπευδε τὰ τείχη τῆς πόλεως ἀνοικοδομῆσαι , καὶ πύργοις αὐτὴν ὑψηλοτάτοις καὶ καρτεροῖς ἀσφαλισάμενος ἀπέστειλεν μὲν ἸωνάθηνJonathan τινὰ φίλον ἈψαλώμουAbsalom παῖδα μετὰ στρατιᾶς εἰς ἸόππηνJoppa προστάξας αὐτῷ τοὺς οἰκήτορας ἐκβαλεῖν · ἐδεδίει γάρ , μὴ παραδῶσιν οὗτοι τὴν‎ πόλιν τῷ ΤρύφωνιTryphon . Αὐτὸς δ᾽ ὑπομείνας ἐφύλαττε τὰ ἹεροσόλυμαJerusalem .
²⁰² So he got together immediately all his own soldiers that were fit for war, and made haste in rebuilding the walls of the city, and strengthening them by very high and strong towers, and sent a friend of his, one Jonathan, the son of Absalom, to Joppa, and gave him order to eject the inhabitants out of the city, for he was afraid lest they should deliver up the city to Trypho; but he himself staid to secure Jerusalem.	²⁰² Immediately he gathered the military strength of the nation and hurried to rebuild the walls of the city and strengthened them with towers that were very high and strong, and sent a friend of his, Jonathan the son of Absalom, to Joppa with orders to expel the inhabitants from the city, for he feared they would surrender the city to Tryphon, but he himself stayed to guard Jerusalem.
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²⁰³ Ὁ δὲ ΤρύφωνTryphon ἄρας ἐκ ΠτολεμαίδοςPtolemais μετὰ στρατιᾶς πολλῆς εἰς τὴν‎ ἸουδαίανJudea παραγίνεται καὶ τὸν ἸωνάθηνJonathan δέσμιον ἄγων . ἀπήντησε δ᾽ αὐτῷ καὶ ΣίμωνSimon μετὰ τῆς αὐτοῦ‎ δυνάμεως εἰς ἌδδιδαAddida πόλιν , ἥτις ἐπ᾽ ὄρους κειμένη τυγχάνει , ὑφ᾽ ἧς ὑπόκειται τὰ τῆς ἸουδαίαςJudea πεδία .
²⁰³ But Trypho removed from Ptoeinais with a great army, and came into Judea, and brought Jonathan with him in bonds. Simon also met him with his army at the city Adida, which is upon a hill, and beneath it lie the plains of Judea.	²⁰³ Tryphon then moved from Ptolemais with a large army and came into Judea, bringing Jonathan with him in chains, and Simon with his army met him at Addida, a city upon a hill overlooking the plains of Judea.
²⁰³ Barach

²⁰⁴ γνοὺς δὲ ΤρύφωνTryphon ἡγεμόνα τὸν ΣίμωναSimon ὑπὸ τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews καθεσταμένον ἔπεμψεν πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ τοῦτον ἀπάτῃ καὶ δόλῳ περιελθεῖν βουλόμενος , κελεύων αὐτόν , εἰ θέλει λυθῆναι τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἸωνάθηνJonathan , πέμψαι τάλαντα ἑκατὸν ἀργυρίου καὶ δύο τῶν παίδων τῶν ἸωνάθουJonathan ὁμήρους , ὅπως μὴ ἀφεθεὶς ἀποστήσῃ τὴν‎ ἸουδαίανJudea βασιλέως · ἄρτι γὰρ αὐτὸν διὰ τὸ ἀργύριον , ὃ τῷ βασιλεῖ χρησάμενος ὤφειλε , φυλάττεσθαι δεδεμένον .
²⁰⁴ And when Trypho knew that Simon was by the Jews made their governor, he sent to him, and would have imposed upon him by deceit and trencher, and desired, if he would have his brother Jonathan released, that he would send him a hundred talents of silver, and two of Jonathan’s sons as hostages, that when he shall be released, he may not make Judea revolt from the king; for that at present he was kept in bonds on account of the money he had borrowed of the king, and now owed it to him.	²⁰⁴ When Tryphon learned that the Jews had chosen Simon as their leader, he sent to him seeking to deceive and trick him, and saying that if he wanted to have his brother Jonathan released, he should send him a hundred talents of silver and two of Jonathan's sons as hostages, so that after his release he would not make Judea revolt from the king, and that he was kept in chains at present on account of money he had borrowed from the king not returned.
²⁰⁴ Barach

²⁰⁵ ὁ δὲ ΣίμωνSimon τὴν‎ τέχνην τὴν‎ τοῦ ΤρύφωνοςTryphon οὐκ ἠγνόησεν , ἀλλὰ συνεὶς ὅτι καὶ τὸ ἀργύριον ἀπολέσει δοὺς καὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν οὐ λύσει , μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ δὲ καὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἐκδώσει τῷ πολεμίῳ , φοβούμενος δέ , μὴ διαβληθῇ πρὸς τὸ πλῆθος ὡς αἴτιος αὐτὸς τἀδελφῷ θανάτου γενόμενος , ὅτι μήτε τὰ χρήματα μήτε τοὺς υἱοὺς ἔδωκεν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ‎ , συναγαγὼν τὴν‎ στρατιὰν ἐδήλωσεν αὐτῇ τὰ παρὰ τοῦ ΤρύφωνοςTryphon ,
²⁰⁵ But Simon was aware of the craft of Trypho; and although he knew that if he gave him the money he should lose it, and that Trypho would not set his brother free and withal should deliver the sons of Jonathan to the enemy, yet because he was afraid that he should have a calumny raised against him among the multitude as the cause of his brother’s death, if he neither gave the money, nor sent Jonathan’s sons, he gathered his army together, and told them what offers Trypho had made;	²⁰⁵ But Simon knew about Tryphon's craftiness and though he knew that if he gave him the money he would lose it and that Tryphon would not free his brother and would hand over Jonathan's sons to the enemy, yet because he feared calumny being raised among the people against him as the cause of his brother's death if he neither gave the money nor sent Jonathan's sons, he gathered his army and told them of Tryphon's offers, adding that the offers were a plot and a snare,
²⁰⁵ Barach

²⁰⁶ εἰπὼν ὅτι ταῦτα καὶ ἐνέδραν καὶ ἐπιβουλὴν ἔχει · ὅμως αἱρετώτερον εἶναι πέμψαι τὰ χρήματ᾽ αὐτῷ καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς ἢ τοῖς ὑπὸ ΤρύφωνοςTryphon προβαλλομένοις μὴ ὑπακούσαντα λαβεῖν αἰτίαν ὡς τὸν ἀδελφὸν σῶσαι μὴ θελήσας . Καὶ ΣίμωνSimon μὲν τούς τε ἸωνάθουJonathan παῖδας ἐξέπεμψεν καὶ τὰ χρήματα .
²⁰⁶ and added this, that the offers were ensnaring and treacherous, and yet that it was more eligible to send the money and Jonathan’s sons, than to be liable to the imputation of not complying with Trypho’s offers, and thereby refusing to save his brother. Accordingly, Simon sent the sons of Jonathan and the money;	²⁰⁶ but that it was preferable to send the money and the sons, rather than risk the blame of not listening to Tryphon's offers and refusing to save his brother; so Simon sent Jonathan's sons, and the money.
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²⁰⁷ λαβὼν δὲ ὁ ΤρύφωνTryphon οὐκ ἐτήρησεν τὴν‎ πίστιν οὐδὲ ἀπέλυσε τὸν ἸωνάθηνJonathan , ἀλλὰ τὴν‎ στρατιὰν ἀναλαβὼν ἐκπεριῆλθε τὴν‎ χώραν καὶ διὰ τῆς ἸδουμαίαςIdumaea ἀναβαίνειν διεγνώκει τὸ λοιπὸν εἰς ἹεροσόλυμαJerusalem , καὶ παραγενόμενος ἧκεν εἰς ἌδωραAdor πόλιν τῆς ἸδουμαίαςIdumaea . ἀντιπαρῆγεν δ᾽ ὁ ΣίμωνSimon μετὰ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἀεὶ καταστρατοπεδευόμενος ἐξ ἐναντίας αὐτοῦ‎ .
²⁰⁷ but when Trypho had received them, he did not keep his promise, nor set Jonathan free, but took his army, and went about all the country, and resolved to go afterward to Jerusalem by the way of Idumea, while Simon went over against him with his army, and all along pitched his own camp over against his.	²⁰⁷ When Tryphon received them however, he did not keep his promise or set Jonathan free, but took his army and went about all the region intending to go later to Jerusalem by way of Idumaea, and on the way arrived at the city of Ador in Idumea, while Simon and his army kept pace with him and regularly pitched camp opposite his.
²⁰⁷ Barach

²⁰⁸ Τῶν δ᾽ ἐν τῇ ἄκρᾳ πεμψάντων πρὸς ΤρύφωναTryphon καὶ παρακαλούντων σπεῦσαι πρὸς αὐτοὺς καὶ τροφὰς αὐτοῖς πέμψαι , παρεσκεύασε τὴν‎ ἵππον ὡς διὰ τῆς νυκτὸς ἐκείνης ἐν ἹεροσολύμοιςJerusalem ἐσόμενος . ἀλλὰ χιὼν διὰ νυκτὸς πολλὴ πεσοῦσα καὶ τάς τε ὁδοὺς καλύψασα καὶ ἄπορονwithout passage ἵπποις μάλιστα πεζεύειν ὑπὸ βάθους τὴν‎ πορείαν παρασχοῦσα διεκώλυσεν αὐτὸν ἐλθεῖν εἰς τὰ ἹεροσόλυμαJerusalem .
²⁰⁸ But when those that were in the citadel had sent to Trypho, and besought him to make haste and come to them, and to send them provisions, he prepared his cavalry as though he would be at Jerusalem that very night; but so great a quantity of snow fell in the night, that it covered the roads, and made them so deep, that there was no passing, especially for the cavalry. This hindered him from coming to Jerusalem;	²⁰⁸ When the men in the citadel sent to Tryphon imploring him to hurry to them and send them provisions, he prepared his cavalry intending to be in Jerusalem that very night, but so much snow fell in the night that it covered the roads and made them impassable especially for the cavalry, which stopped him from coming to Jerusalem.
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²⁰⁹ διόπερ ἐκεῖθεν ἄρας ὁ ΤρύφωνTryphon εἰς τὴν‎ κοίλην ἀφικνεῖται ΣυρίανSyria , σπουδῇ τε εἰς τὴν‎ ΓαλαδῖτινGaladitis ἐμβαλὼν τόν τε ἸωνάθηνJonathan ἀποκτείνας αὐτόθι καὶ ταφῆναι κελεύσας αὐτὸς εἰς τὴν‎ ἈντιόχειανAntioch ὑπέστρεψεν .
²⁰⁹ whereupon Trypho removed thence, and came into Celesyria, and falling vehemently upon the land of Gilead, he slew Jonathan there; and when he had given order for his burial, he returned himself to Antioch.	²⁰⁹ Tryphon therefore moved on from there and came into Coele-Syria and suddenly attacking Galaditis, he killed Jonathan there, and after giving orders for his burial, returned himself to Antioch.
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²¹⁰ ὁ δὲ ΣίμωνSimon πέμψας εἰς ΒασκὰBaska πόλιν μετακομίζει τὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ὀστᾶ , καὶ κηδεύει μὲν ταῦτα ἐν ΜωδεεῖModin τῇ πατρίδι , πένθος δ᾽ ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ μέγα πᾶς ὁ λαὸς ἐποιήσατο .
²¹⁰ However, Simon sent some to the city Basca to bring away his brother’s bones, and buried them in their own city Modin; and all the people made great lamentation over him.	²¹⁰ Simon, however, sent some to the city of Baska to remove his brother's bones and buried them in their own city of Modin, and all the people greatly lamented him.
²¹⁰ Barach

²¹¹ ΣίμωνSimon δὲ καὶ μνημεῖον μέγιστον ᾠκοδόμησεν τῷ τε πατρὶ καὶ τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ἐκ λίθου λευκοῦ καὶ ἀνεξεσμένου . εἰς πολὺ δ᾽ αὐτὸ καὶ περίοπτον ἀναγαγὼν ὕψος στοὰς περὶ αὐτὸ βάλλεται καὶ στύλους μονολίθους θαυμαστὸν ἰδεῖν χρῆμα ἀνίστησιν , πρὸς τούτοις δὲ καὶ πυραμίδας ἑπτὰ τοῖς τε γονεῦσιν καὶ τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ἑκάστῳ μίαν ᾠκοδόμησεν εἰς ἔκπληξιν μεγέθους τε ἕνεκα καὶ κάλλους πεποιημένας , αἳ καὶ μέχρι δεῦρο σώζονται .
²¹¹ Simon also erected a very large monument for his father and his brethren, of white and polished stone, and raised it a great height, and so as to be seen a long way off, and made cloisters about it, and set up pillars, which were of one stone apiece; a work it was wonderful to see. Moreover, he built seven pyramids also for his parents and his brethren, one for each of them, which were made very surprising, both for their largeness and beauty,	²¹¹ And Simon built a large monument of white, polished stone for his father and his brothers. He raised it to a great height so as to be visible a long way off and made porticoes around it and set up monolithic pillars, which were wonderful to see. He also built for his parents and his brothers seven pyramids, one for each, remarkable for size and beauty, which survive to this day.
²¹¹ Barach

²¹² καὶ περὶ μὲν τῆς ἸωνάθουJonathan ταφῆς καὶ τῆς τῶν μνημείων οἰκοδομίας τοῖς οἰκείοις ΣίμωνοςSimon τοσαύτην σπουδὴν οἴδαμεν γενομένην . ἀπέθανεν δὲ ἸωνάθηςJonathan ἀρχιερατεύων ἔτη τέσσαρα προστὰς τοῦ γένους . Καὶ τὰ μὲν περὶ τῆς τούτου τελευτῆς ἐν τούτοις ἦν .
²¹² and which have been preserved to this day; and we know that it was Simon who bestowed so much zeal about the burial of Jonathan, and the building of these monuments for his relations. Now Jonathan died when he had been high priest four years and had been also the governor of his nation. And these were the circumstances that concerned his death.	²¹² We know that it was Simon who gave such care to the burial of Jonathan and the building of these monuments for his relatives. Now Jonathan died when he had been high priest and ruler of the nation for four years, and those were the circumstances of his death.
²¹² Barach

²¹³ ΣίμωνSimon δὲ κατασταθεὶς ἀρχιερεὺς ὑπὸ τοῦ πλήθους τῷ πρώτῳ τῆς ἀρχιερωσύνης ἔτει τῆς ἐπὶ τοῖς ΜακεδόσιMacedonians δουλείας τὸν λαὸν ἠλευθέρωσεν ὡς μηκέτι φόρους αὐτοῖς τελεῖν · ἡ δὲ ἐλευθερία καὶ τὸ ἀνείσφορον τοῖς ἸουδαίοιςJews μετὰ ἑβδομήκοντα καὶ ἑκατὸν ἔτη τῶν ΣυρίαςSyria βασιλέων ἐξ οὗ χρόνου ΣέλευκοςSeleucus ὁ ΝικάτωρNicator ἐπικληθεὶς κατέσχεν ΣυρίανSyria ὑπῆρξεν .
²¹³ But Simon, who was made high priest by the multitude, on the very first year of his high priesthood set his people free from their slavery under the Macedonians, and permitted them to pay tribute to them no longer; which liberty and freedom from tribute they obtained after a hundred and seventy years of the kingdom of the Assyrians, which was after Seleucus, who was called Nicator, got the dominion over Syria.	²¹³ But Simon, whom the populace had made their high priest, in the first year of his high priesthood set his people free from their slavery under the Macedonians so that they no longer had to pay tax to them. This liberty and freedom from taxation they obtained after a hundred and seventy years of Syrian rule, from the time that Seleucus, surnamed Nicator, began to rule over Syria.
²¹³ Barach

²¹⁴ τοσαύτη δ᾽ ἦν ἡ τοῦ πλήθους περὶ τὸν ΣίμωναSimon φιλοτιμία , ὥστ᾽ ἐν τοῖς πρὸς ἀλλήλους συμβολαίοις καὶ τοῖς δημοσίοις γράμμασιν ἐπὶ πρώτου ἔτους γράφειν ΣίμωνοςSimon καὶ εὐεργέτου ἸουδαίωνJews καὶ ἐθνάρχου · εὐτύχησαν γὰρ ἐπ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ σφόδρα καὶ τῶν ἐχθρῶν τῶν περιοίκων ἐκράτησαν .
²¹⁴ Now the affection of the multitude towards Simon was so great, that in their contracts one with another, and in their public records, they wrote, “in the first year of Simon the benefactor and ethnarch of the Jews;” for under him they were very happy, and overcame the enemies that were round about them;	²¹⁴ The people's affection for Simon was so great, that in their contracts with each other and in their public records, they wrote, "in the first year of Simon the benefactor and ethnarch of the Jews"; for under him they were very happy and overcame the enemies that surrounded them.
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²¹⁵ κατεστρέψατο γὰρ ΣίμωνSimon ΓάζαράGazara τε πόλιν καὶ ἸόππηνJoppa καὶ ἸάμνειανJamneia , ἐκπολιορκήσας δὲ καὶ τὴν‎ ἐν τοῖς ἹεροσολύμοιςJerusalem ἄκραν εἰς ἔδαφος αὐτὴν καθεῖλεν , ὡς ἂν μὴ τοῖς ἐχθροῖς ὁρμητήριον ᾖ καταλαμβανομένοις αὐτὴν τοῦ κακῶς ποιεῖν , ὡς καὶ τότε . Καὶ τοῦτο ποιήσας ἄριστον ἐδόκει καὶ συμφέρον καὶ τὸ ὄρος ἐφ᾽ οὗ τὴν‎ ἄκραν εἶναι συνέβαινεν καθελεῖν , ὅπως ὑψηλότερον ᾖ τὸ ἱερόν .
²¹⁵ for Simon overthrew the city Gazara, and Joppa, and Jamnia. He also took the citadel of Jerusalem by siege, and cast it down to the ground, that it might not be any more a place of refuge to their enemies when they took it, to do them a mischief, as it had been till now. And when he had done this, he thought it their best way, and most for their advantage, to level the very mountain itself upon which the citadel happened to stand, that so the temple might be higher than it.	²¹⁵ Simon destroyed the city of Gazara and Joppa and Jamneia and besieged the citadel in Jerusalem and levelled it to the ground, to no longer provide a place of refuge for their enemies when they took it, to do them harm, as it had been hitherto. Having done this, he thought it the best and most useful plan to level the very mountain on which the citadel stood, so that the temple might be higher than it.
²¹⁵ Barach

²¹⁶ καὶ δὴ τοῦτ᾽ ἔπειθεν εἰς ἐκκλησίαν καλέσας τὸ πλῆθος ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ γίνεσθαι , ὧν τε ἔπαθον ὑπὸ τῶν φρουρῶν καὶ τῶν φυγάδων ἸουδαίωνJews ὑπομιμνήσκωνto draw attention to , ἅ τε πάθοιεν ἄν , εἰ πάλιν κατάσχοι τὴν‎ βασιλείαν ἀλλόφυλος φρουρᾶς ἐν αὐτῇ κατασταθείσης .
²¹⁶ And indeed, when he had called the multitude to an assembly, he persuaded them to have it so demolished, and this by putting them in mind what miseries they had suffered by its garrison and the Jewish deserters, and what miseries they might hereafter suffer in case any foreigner should obtain the kingdom, and put a garrison into that citadel.	²¹⁶ Calling a meeting of the population, he persuaded them to have it so demolished, reminding them of what they had suffered from its garrison and the Jewish renegades and what they might later suffer if any foreigner took the kingdom and garrisoned that same place.
²¹⁶ Barach

²¹⁷ ταῦτα λέγων πείθει τὸ πλῆθος παραινῶν αὐτῷ τὰ συμφέροντα . Καὶ πάντες προσβαλόντες καθῄρουν τὸ ὄρος καὶ μήτε νυκτὸς μήθ᾽ ἡμέρας ἀπολυόμενοι τοῦ ἔργου τρισὶν αὐτὸ τοῖς πᾶσιν ἔτεσιν κατήγαγον εἰς ἔδαφος καὶ πεδινὴν λειότητα . Καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν ἐξεῖχεν ἁπάντων τὸ ἱερὸν τῆς ἄκρας καὶ τοῦ ὄρους ἐφ᾽ ᾧ ἦν καθῃρημένων . Καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐπὶ ΣίμωνοςSimon πραχθέντα τοῦτον εἶχεν τὸν τρόπον .
²¹⁷ This speech induced the multitude to a compliance, because he exhorted them to do nothing but what was for their own good: so they all set themselves to the work, and leveled the mountain, and in that work spent both day and night without any intermission, which cost them three whole years before it was removed, and brought to an entire level with the plain of the rest of the city. After which the temple was the highest of all the buildings, now the citadel, as well as the mountain whereon it stood, were demolished. And these actions were thus performed under Simon.	²¹⁷ This speech induced the people to agree as he urged them to do only what was for their own good, so they all set to work and levelled the mountain and worked day and night at without intermission. It took them three whole years before it was moved and brought entirely level with the rest of the city. Once the citadel and the mountain on which it had stood were demolished, the temple was now the highest building of all. And that is how things were done under Simon.
²¹⁷ Barach

Chapter 7
[218-229]
Simon is treacherously murdered by his son-in-law, Ptolemy

☜ ☞

²¹⁸ Μετ᾽ οὐ πολὺ δὲ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας τῆς ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius τὸν ἈλεξάνδρουAlexander υἱὸν ἈντίοχονAntiochus , ὃς καὶ ΘεὸςGod ἐπεκλήθη , ΤρύφωνTryphon διέφθειρεν ἐπιτροπεύων αὐτοῦ‎ τέσσαρα βασιλεύσαντα ἔτη . Καὶ τὸν μέν , ὡς χειριζόμενος ἀποθάνοι , διήγγειλεν ·
²¹⁸ Now a little while after Demetrius had been carried into captivity, Trypho his governor destroyed Antiochus, the son of Alexander, who was also called The God, and this when he had reigned four years, though he gave it out that he died under the hands of the surgeons.	²¹⁸ Shortly after Demetrius had been brought into captivity, his deputy Tryphon destroyed Alexander's son Antiochus, surnamed "The God," after he had ruled for four years, though claiming that he had died under surgery.
²¹⁸ Barach

²¹⁹ τοὺς δὲ φίλους καὶ τοὺς οἰκειοτάτους διέπεμπε πρὸς τοὺς στρατιώτας , ἐπαγγελλόμενος αὐτοῖς χρήματα πολλὰ δώσειν , εἰ βασιλέα χειροτονήσουσιν αὐτόν , ΔημήτριονDemetrius μὲν ὑπὸ ΠάρθωνParthians αἰχμάλωτον γεγονέναι μηνύων , τὸν δ᾽ ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ‎ ἈντίοχονAntiochus παρελθόντα εἰς τὴν‎ ἀρχὴν πολλὰ ποιήσειν αὐτοῖς κακὰ τῆς ἀποστάσεωςa revolt ἀμυνόμενον .
²¹⁹ He then sent his friends, and those that were most intimate with him, to the soldiers, and promised that he would give them a great deal of money if they would make him king. He intimated to them that Demetrius was made a captive by the Parthians; and that Demetrius’s brother Atitiochus, if he came to be king, would do them a great deal of mischief, in way of revenge for their revolting from his brother.	²¹⁹ He then sent his friends and those closest to him to the soldiers promising them a large amount of money if they made him king. He hinted to them that Demetrius was held prisoner by the Parthians, and that Demetrius' brother Atitiochus, if he came to be king, would do them great harm in revenge for their revolt.
²¹⁹ Barach

²²⁰ οἱ δ᾽ ἐλπίσαντες εὐπορίαν ἐκ τῆς ΤρύφωνιTryphon δοθείσης βασιλείας ἀποδεικνύουσιν αὐτὸν ἄρχοντα . γενόμενος δὲ τῶν πραγμάτων ἐγκρατὴς ὁ ΤρύφωνTryphon διέδειξεν τὴν‎ αὐτοῦ‎ φύσιν οὖσαν πονηράν · ἰδιώτης μὲν γὰρ ὢν ἐθεράπευεν τὸ πλῆθος καὶ μετριότητα ὑπεκρίνατο δελεάζων αὐτὸ τούτοις εἰς ἅπερ ἐβούλετο , τὴν‎ δὲ βασιλείαν λαβὼν ἀπεδύσατο τὴν‎ ὑπόκρισιν καὶ ὁ ἀληθὴς ΤρύφωνTryphon ἦν .
²²⁰ So the soldiers, in expectation of the wealth they should get by bestowing the kingdom on Trypho, made him their ruler. However, when Trypho had gained the management of affairs, he demonstrated his disposition to be wicked; for while he was a private person, he cultivated familiarity with the multitude, and pretended to great moderation, and so drew them on artfully to whatsoever he pleased; but when he had once taken the kingdom, he laid aside any further dissimulation, and was the true Trypho;	²²⁰ Looking forward to the wealth they would get by giving the kingdom to Tryphon, they appointed him as ruler. But once he had gained control of things, Tryphon showed his wicked character, for while he was an ordinary citizen he cultivated the crowd and pretended to be very fair and so artfully drew them wherever he pleased, but once he ruled the kingdom, he set further deception aside and was the real Tryphon.
²²⁰ Barach

²²¹ τοὺς οὖν ἐχθροὺς διὰ ταῦτ᾽ ἐποίει κρείττονας · τὸ μὲν γὰρ στρατιωτικὸν αὐτὸν μισοῦν ἀφίστατο πρὸς ΚλεοπάτρανCleopatra τὴν‎ ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius γυναῖκα τότε ἐν ΣελευκείᾳSeleucia μετὰ τῶν τέκνων ἐγκεκλεισμένην .
²²¹ which behavior made his enemies superior to him; for the soldiery hated him, and revolted from him to Cleopatra, the wife of Demetrius, who was then shut up in Seleucia with her children.	²²¹ This behaviour gave his enemies the advantage, for the military hated him and rebelled from him to Cleopatra, the wife of Demetrius, who was then shut up in Seleucia with her children.
²²¹ Barach

²²² ἀλωμένου δὲ καὶ ἈντιόχουAntiochus τοῦ ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius ἀδελφοῦ , ὃς ἐπεκαλεῖτο ΣωτήρSoter , καὶ μηδεμιᾶς αὐτὸν πόλεως δεχομένης διὰ ΤρύφωναTryphon , πέμπει πρὸς αὐτὸν ΚλεοπάτραCleopatra καλοῦσα πρὸς αὐτὴν ἐπί τε γάμῳ καὶ βασιλείᾳ . ἐκάλει δὲ τὸν ἈντίοχονAntiochus ἐπὶ τούτοις ἅμα μὲν τῶν φίλων αὐτὴν ἀναπεισάντων , ἅμα δὲ καὶ τὴν‎ πόλιν ἐνδιδόντων τινῶν ἐκ τῆς ΣελευκείαςSeleucia τῷ ΤρύφωνιTryphon δείσασα .
²²² But as Antiochus, the brother of Demetrius who was called Soter, was not admitted by any of the cities on account of Trypho, Cleopatra sent to him, and invited him to marry her, and to take the kingdom. The reasons why she made this invitation were these: That her friends persuaded her to it, and that she was afraid for herself, in case some of the people of Seleucia should deliver up the city to Trypho.	²²² But as Antiochus, the brother of Demetrius, surnamed Soter, was not admitted by any of the cities due to Tryphon, Cleopatra sent to him inviting him to marry her and to take the kingdom. The reasons why she made this invitation were that her friends persuaded her to it and she was afraid for herself, in case some people in Seleucia might surrender the city to Tryphon.
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²²³ Γενόμενος δ᾽ ἐν τῇ ΣελευκείᾳSeleucia ὁ ἈντίοχοςAntiochus καὶ τῆς ἰσχύος αὐτῷ καθ᾽ ἡμέραν αὐξανομένης ὥρμησε πολεμήσων τὸν ΤρύφωναTryphon , καὶ κρατήσας αὐτοῦ‎ τῇ μάχῃ τῆς ἄνω ΣυρίαςSyria ἐξέβαλεν εἰς τὴν‎ ΦοινίκηνPhoenicia διώξας ἄχρι ταύτης εἴς τε Δῶρα φρούριόν τι δυσάλωτον ἐπολιόρκει συμφυγόντα . πέμπει δὲ καὶ πρὸς ΣίμωναSimon τὸν τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews ἀρχιερέα περὶ φιλίας καὶ συμμαχίας πρέσβεις .
²²³ As Antiochus was now come to Seleucia, and his forces increased every day, he marched to fight Trypho; and having beaten him in the battle, he ejected him out of the Upper Syria into Phoenicia, and pursued him thither, and besieged him in Dora which was a fortress hard to be taken, whither he had fled. He also sent ambassadors to Simon the Jewish high priest, about a league of friendship and mutual assistance;	²²³ As Antiochus had arrived at Seleucia and his forces increased every day, he marched to fight Tryphon, and having defeated him in battle, expelled him from Upper Syria into Phoenicia and pursued him there and besieged him in Dora, the impregnable fortress to which he had fled. He also sent envoys to the Jewish high priest Simon, to discuss a friendly alliance.
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²²⁴ ὁ δὲ προσδέχεται προθύμως αὐτοῦ‎ τὴν‎ ἀξίωσινto think worthy , καὶ χρήματά τε πολλὰ καὶ τροφὴν τοῖς τὰ Δῶρα [στρατιώταις ] πολιορκοῦσι πέμψας τὸν ἈντίοχονAntiochus ἀφθόνως ἐχορήγησεν , ὡς τῶν ἀναγκαιοτάτων αὐτῷ πρὸς ὀλίγον καιρὸν κριθῆναι φίλων . ὁ μὲν γὰρ ΤρύφωνTryphon ἐκ τῆς ΔώραςDora φυγὼν εἰς ἈπάμειανApamia καὶ ληφθεὶς ἐν αὐτῇ πολιορκίᾳ διεφθάρη βασιλεύσας ἔτη τρία .
²²⁴ who readily accepted of the invitation, and sent to Antiochus great sums of money and provisions for those that besieged Dora, and thereby supplied them very plentifully, so that for a little while he was looked upon as one of his most intimate friends; but still Trypho fled from Dora to Apamia, where he was taken during the siege, and put to death, when he had reigned three years.	²²⁴ He readily accepted the invitation and sent Antiochus a large sum of money and plentiful supplies for the besiegers of Dora, so that for a while he regarded him among his closest friends. But Tryphon escaped from Dora to Apamia, where he was taken by siege and put to death, after three years as king.
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²²⁵ Ὁ δ᾽ ἈντίοχοςAntiochus ὑπὸ πλεονεξίας καὶ φαυλότητος λήθην τῶν ἐκ ΣίμωνοςSimon αὐτῷ πρὸς τὰς χρείας ὑπηρετηθέντων ἐποιήσατο , καὶ δύναμιν στρατιωτικὴν ΚενδεβαίῳCendebeus παραδοὺς τῶν φίλων ἐπὶ τὴν‎ τῆς ἸουδαίαςJudea πόρθησιν καὶ τὴν‎ ΣίμωνοςSimon ἅλωσιν ἐξαπέστειλεν .
²²⁵ However, Antiochus forgot the kind assistance that Simon had afforded him in his necessity, by reason of his covetous and wicked disposition, and committed an army of soldiers to his friend Cendebeus, and sent him at once to ravage Judea, and to seize Simon.	²²⁵ In his greed and viciousness, Antiochus forgot the service that Simon had done him in his time of need and sent his friend Cendebeus with a force of soldiers to ravage Judea and seize Simon.
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²²⁶ ΣίμωνSimon δ᾽ ἀκούσας τὴν‎ ἈντιόχουAntiochus παρανομίαν καὶ πρεσβύτερος ὢν ἤδη ὅμως ὑπὸ τοῦ μὴ δικαίων τῶν παρ᾽ ἈντιόχουAntiochus γινομένων τυγχάνειν παρορμηθεὶς καὶ τῆς ἡλικίας φρόνημα κρεῖττον λαβὼν νεανικῶς ἐστρατήγει τοῦ πολέμου .
²²⁶ When Simon heard of Antiochus’s breaking his league with him, although he were now in years, yet, provoked with the unjust treatment he had met with from Antiochus, and taking a resolution brisker than his age could well bear, he went like a young man to act as general of his army.	²²⁶ When Simon heard how Antiochus had broken his pact with him, he was provoked by this injustice and despite his age went out at the head of his army like a younger man.
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²²⁷ καὶ τοὺς μὲν υἱεῖς μετὰ τῶν μαχιμωτέρων προεκπέμπει στρατιωτῶν , αὐτὸς δὲ κατ᾽ ἄλλο μέρος προῄει μετὰ τῆς δυνάμεως , καὶ πολλοὺς ἐν τοῖς φαραγγώδεσι τῶν ὀρῶνto see τούτους εἰς ἐνέδραν καταστήσας διαμαρτάνει μὲν οὐδεμιᾶς τῶν ἐπιχειρήσεων , κρατήσας δὲ διὰ πάσης τῶν πολεμίων ἐν εἰρήνῃ τὸν λοιπὸν διήγαγεν χρόνον , ποιησάμενος καὶ αὐτὸς πρὸς ῬωμαίουςRomans συμμαχίαν .
²²⁷ He also sent his sons before among the most hardy of his soldiers, and he himself marched on with his army another way, and laid many of his men in ambushes in the narrow valleys between the mountains; nor did he fail of success in any one of his attempts, but was too hard for his enemies in every one of them. So he led the rest of his life in peace, and did also himself make a league with the Romans.	²²⁷ He sent his sons ahead with his best soldiers, and he himself with his army marched by another way and he set many of his men in ambush in the narrow valleys between the mountains. None of his initiatives failed, for in each of them he had the upper hand over his enemies. So he lived the rest of his life in peace and even made an alliance with the Romans.
²²⁷ Barach

²²⁸ ἦρξε μὲν οὖν ὀκτὼ τὰ πάντα τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews ἔτη , τελευτᾷ δὲ ἐξ ἐπιβουλῆς ἐν συμποσίῳ ΠτολεμαίουPtolemy τοῦ γαμβροῦ ταύτην ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν συστησαμένου , ὃς καὶ τὴν‎ γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ‎ καὶ τοὺς δύο παῖδας συλλαβὼν καὶ δεδεμένους ἔχων ἔπεμψεν καὶ ἐπὶ ἸωάννηνJohn τὸν τρίτον , τούτῳ δὲ καὶ ὙρκανὸςHyrcanus ἦν ὄνομα , τοὺς διαφθεροῦντας .
²²⁸ Now he was the ruler of the Jews in all eight years; but at a feast came to his end. It was caused by the treachery of his son-in-law Ptolemy, who caught also his wife, and two of his sons, and kept them in bonds. He also sent some to kill John the third son, whose name was Hyrcanus;	²²⁸ He ruled the Jews for eight years in all, but met his end at a feast, by the treachery of his son-in-law Ptolemy, who also took his wife and two of his sons and kept them in chains, and sent some men to kill the third son, John, also named Hyrcanus.
²²⁸ Barach

²²⁹ αἰσθόμενος δὲ τοὺς ἐλθόντας ὁ νεανίσκος διαφυγὼν τὸν ἐξ αὐτῶν κίνδυνον εἰς τὴν‎ πόλιν ἠπείγετο , θαρρῶν τῷ πλήθει διὰ τὰς τοῦ πατρὸς εὐεργεσίας καὶ διὰ τὸ ΠτολεμαίουPtolemy τοῖς ὄχλοις μῖσος . σπουδάσαντα δὲ καὶ ΠτολεμαῖονPtolemy εἰσελθεῖν δι᾽ ἄλλης πύλης ὁ δῆμος ἀπεώσατο τὸν ὙρκανὸνHyrcanus ἤδη προσδεδεγμένος .
²²⁹ but the young man perceiving them coming, he avoided the danger he was in from them, and made haste into the city [Jerusalem], as relying on the good-will of the multitude, because of the benefits they had received from his father, and because of the hatred the same multitude bare to Ptolemy; so that when Ptolemy was endeavoring to enter the city by another gate, they drove him away, as having already admitted Hyrcanus.	²²⁹ However, the young man knew they were coming and avoided the danger from them by hurrying into the city, relying on the people's goodwill due to the benefits they had received from his father and because the crowd hated Ptolemy, and having welcomed Hyrcanus, when Ptolemy tried to enter the city by another gate, the people drove him away.
²²⁹ Barach

Chapter 8
[230-253]
Hyrcanus becomes high priest and ejects Ptolemy;
allies with Antiochus, after a war.

☜ ☞

²³⁰ Καὶ ὁ μὲν εἰς ἕν τι τῶν ὑπὲρ ἹεριχοῦντοςJericho ἐρυμάτων ἀνεχώρησεν ΔαγὼνDagōn λεγόμενον . ἀπολαβὼν δὲ τὴν‎ πάτριον ἀρχιερωσύνην ὙρκανὸςHyrcanus καὶ τὸν θεὸν πρώταις θυσίαις παραστησάμενος ἐπὶ τὸν ΠτολεμαῖονPtolemy ἐξεστράτευσεν , καὶ προσβαλὼν τῷ χωρίῳ τοῖς μὲν ἄλλοις περιῆν αὐτοῦ‎ , ἡττᾶτο δὲ μόνῳ τῷ πρὸς τὴν‎ μητέρα καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς οἴκτῳ .
²³⁰ So Ptolemy retired to one of the fortresses that was above Jericho, which was called Dagon. But Hyrcanus having taken the high priesthood that had been his father’s before, and in the first place propitiated God by sacrifices, he then made an expedition against Ptolemy; and when he made his attacks upon the place, in other points he was too hard for him, but was rendered weaker than he, by the commiseration he had for his mother and brethren, and by that only;	²³⁰ Ptolemy retreated to one of the fortresses above Jericho, called Dagon. But after assuming the high priesthood that had been his father's before Hyrcanus first offered sacrifice to propitiate God, and then marched against Ptolemy, and when he attacked the place, he had the upper hand on all other points but was only weakened by the pity he felt for his mother and brothers.
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²³¹ τούτους γὰρ ΠτολεμαῖοςPtolemy ἀναγαγὼν ἐπὶ τὸ τεῖχος ἐξ ἀπόπτου ᾐκίζετο καὶ κατακρημνίσειν οὐκ ἀφισταμένου τῆς πολιορκίας ἠπείλει . ὁ δ᾽ ὅσον [ἂν ] ἐνδοίη τῆς περὶ τὴν‎ αἵρεσιν τοῦ χωρίου σπουδῆς , τοσοῦτο χαρίζεσθαι τοῖς φιλτάτοις ἡγούμενος πρὸς τὸ μὴ κακῶς πάσχειν , ἐξέλυε τὸ πρόθυμον .
²³¹ for Ptolemy brought them upon the wall, and tormented them in the sight of all, and threatened that he would throw them down headlong, unless Hyrcanus would leave off the siege. And as he thought that so far as he relaxed as to the siege and taking of the place, so much favor did he show to those that were dearest to him by preventing their misery, his zeal about it was cooled.	²³¹ For Ptolemy brought them up on the wall and tortured them in the sight of all and threatened to throw them down headlong unless Hyrcanus abandoned the siege. Since he thought that the more relaxed he was about the siege and capturing the place, the more favour he showed to his loved ones by easing their pain, his zeal about it cooled.
²³¹ Barach

²³² ἡ μέντοι μήτηρ ὀρέγουσα τὰς χεῖρας ἱκέτευε μὴ μαλακίζεσθαι δι᾽ αὐτήν , ἀλλὰ πολὺ πλέον ὀργῇ χρώμενον ἑλεῖν σπουδάσαι τὸ χωρίον καὶ τὸν ἐχθρὸν ὑπ᾽ αὐτῷ ποιήσαντα τιμωρῆσαι τοῖς φιλτάτοις · ἡδὺν γὰρ αὐτῇ τὸν μετ᾽ αἰκίας [εἶναι ] θάνατον , εἰ δίκην ὑπόσχοι τῆς εἰς αὐτοὺς παρανομίας ὁ ταῦτα ποιῶν πολέμιος .
²³² However, his mother spread out her hands, and begged of him that he would not grow remiss on her account, but indulge his indignation so much the more, and that he would do his utmost to take the place quickly, in order to get their enemy under his power, and then to avenge upon him what he had done to those that were dearest to himself; for that death would be to her sweet, though with torment, if that enemy of theirs might but be brought to punishment for his wicked dealings to them.	²³² But his mother stretched out her hands and begged him not to weaken on account of her but be more enraged and try to take the place soon to seize their enemy and avenge what he had done to his dear ones, since even painful death would be sweet to her if their enemy were punished for his crimes against them.
²³² Barach

²³³ τὸν δὲ ὙρκανὸνHyrcanus ταῦτα μὲν λεγούσης τῆς μητρὸς ὁρμή τις ἐλάμβανεν πρὸς τὴν‎ αἵρεσιν τοῦ φρουρίου , ἡνίκα δ᾽ αὐτὴν ἴδοι τυπτομένην καὶ σπαραττομένην , ἐξελύετο καὶ τῆς ἐπὶ τοῖς εἰς τὴν‎ μητέρα πραττομένοις συμπαθείας ἥττων ἐγίνετο .
²³³ Now when his mother said so, he resolved to take the fortress immediately; but when he saw her beaten, and torn to pieces, his courage failed him, and he could not but sympathize with what his mother suffered, and was thereby overcome.	²³³ When his mother said this, Hyrcanus tried to take the fortress but when he saw her beaten and torn to pieces, his courage failed him and he could not help feeling what his mother suffered and was thereby defeated.
²³³ Barach

²³⁴ ἑλκομένης δ᾽ οὕτως εἰς χρόνον τῆς πολιορκίας ἐνίσταται τὸ ἔτος ἐκεῖνο , καθ᾽ ὃ συμβαίνει τοὺς ἸουδαίουςJews ἀργεῖν · κατὰ δὲ ἑπτὰ ἔτη τοῦτο παρατηροῦσιν , ὡς ἐν ταῖς ἑβδομάσιν ἡμέραις .
²³⁴ And as the siege was drawn out into length by this means, that year on which the Jews used to rest came on; for the Jews observe this rest every seventh year, as they do every seventh day;	²³⁴ And as the siege was thereby lengthened the Jewish year of rest began, for the Jews observe this rest every seventh year, as they do every seventh day,
²³⁴ Barach

²³⁵ καὶ ΠτολεμαῖοςPtolemy , ὑπὸ ταύτης ἀνεθεὶς τοῦ πολέμου τῆς αἰτίας ἀποκτείνει τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς τοῦ ὙρκανοῦHyrcanus καὶ τὴν‎ μητέρα καὶ τοῦτο δράσας πρὸς ΖήνωναZēnō φεύγει τὸν ἐπικληθέντα ΚοτυλᾶνCotylas , τυραννεύοντα τῆς ΦιλαδελφέωνPhiladelphia πόλεως .
²³⁵ so that Ptolemy being for this cause released from the war, he slew the brethren of Hyrcanus, and his mother; and when he had so done, he fled to Zeno, who was called Cotylas, who was then the tyrant of the city Philadelphia.	²³⁵ so that Ptolemy was thereby reprieved from the war, and killed the brothers and mother of Hyrcanus, and having done so fled to Zeno, surnamed Cotylas, who was then tyrant of the city of Philadelphia.
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²³⁶ ἈντίοχοςAntiochus δὲ χαλεπῶς ἔχων ἐφ᾽ οἷς ὑπὸ ΣίμωνοςSimon ἔπαθεν εἰς τὴν‎ ἸουδαίανJudea ἐνέβαλεν τετάρτῳ μὲν ἔτει τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ‎ , πρώτῳ δὲ τῆς ὙρκανοῦHyrcanus ἀρχῆς , ὀλυμπιάδι ἑκατοστῇ καὶ ἑξηκοστῇ καὶ δευτέρᾳ .
²³⁶ But Antiochus, being very uneasy at the miseries that Simon had brought upon him, he invaded Judea in the fourth years’ of his reign, and the first year of the principality of Hyrcanus, in the hundred and sixty-second olympiad.	²³⁶ Then Antiochus, irked by what he had suffered from Simon invaded Judea in the fourth year of his kingship and the first year of the reign of Hyrcanus, in the hundred and sixty-second Olympiad [i.e., 132 BC].
²³⁶ Barach

²³⁷ δῃώσας δὲ τὴν‎ χώραν τὸν ὙρκανὸνHyrcanus εἰς αὐτὴν ἐνέκλεισε τὴν‎ πόλιν , ἣν ἑπτὰ στρατοπέδοις περιλαβὼν ἤνυσε μὲν οὐδὲν ὅλως τὸ πρῶτον διά τε τὴν‎ τῶν τειχῶν ὀχυρότητα καὶ δι᾽ ἀρετὴν τῶν ἐμπολιορκουμένων ἔτι γε μὴν ὕδατος ἀπορίαν , ἧς αὐτοὺς ἀπέλυσεν ὄμβρος κατενεχθεὶς πολὺς δυομένης πλειάδος .
²³⁷ And when he had burnt the country, he shut up Hyrcanus in the city, which he encompassed round with seven encampments; but did just nothing at the first, because of the strength of the walls, and because of the valor of the besieged, although they were once in want of water, which yet they were delivered from by a large shower of rain, which fell at the setting of the Pleiades.	²³⁷ When he had plundered the land he shut up Hyrcanus in the city, which he surrounded with seven camps but at first did nothing because of the strength of the walls and the bravery of the besieged, although once they were in need of water, but later were saved by a heavy shower of rain which fell at the setting of the Pleiades.
²³⁷ Barach

²³⁸ κατὰ δὲ τὸ βόρειον μέρος τοῦ τείχους , καθ᾽ ὃ συνέβαινεν αὐτὸ καὶ ἐπίπεδον εἶναι , πύργους ἀναστήσας ἑκατὸν τριωρόφους ἀνεβίβασεν ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς στρατιωτικὰ τάγματα .
²³⁸ However, about the north part of the wall, where it happened the city was upon a level with the outward ground, the king raised a hundred towers of three stories high, and placed bodies of soldiers upon them;	²³⁸ But in the northern section of the wall, which happened to be fairly level, the king raised a hundred towers, three stories high into which he put troops of soldiers.
²³⁸ Barach

²³⁹ καὶ προσβολὰς ὁσημέραι ποιησάμενος τάφρον τε βαθεῖαν καὶ πολλὴν τὸ εὖρος καὶ διπλῆν τεμόμενος , ἀπετείχισεν τοὺς ἐνοικοῦντας . οἱ δὲ πολλὰς ἐκδρομὰς ἀντεπινοοῦντες , εἰ μὲν ἀφυλάκτοις που προσπέσοιεν τοῖς πολεμίοις , πολλὰ ἔδρων αὐτούς , αἰσθομένων δὲ ἀνεχώρουν εὐχερῶς .
²³⁹ and as he made his attacks every day, he cut a double ditch, deep and broad, and confined the inhabitants within it as within a wall; but the besieged contrived to make frequent sallies out; and if the enemy were not any where upon their guard, they fell upon them, and did them a great deal of mischief; and if they perceived them, they then retired into the city with ease.	²³⁹ While making attacks every day, he cut a deep and wide double ditch to confine the inhabitants, but they managed to make frequent raids out, and anywhere that was unguarded, attacked the enemy and did them much harm, and once seen, retreated easily into the city.
²³⁹ Barach

²⁴⁰ ἐπεὶ δὲ βλαβερὰν κατενόησεν ὙρκανὸςHyrcanus τὴν‎ πολυανθρωπίανmany people , ἀναλισκομένων τε τῶν ἐπιτηδείωνuseful, necessary τάχιον ὑπ᾽ αὐτῆς καὶ μηδενὸς οἷον εἰκὸς ἐκ πολυχειρίας ἔργου γιγνομένου , τὸ μὲν ἀχρεῖον αὐτῆς ἀποκρίνας ἐξέβαλεν , ὅσον δ᾽ ἦν ἀκμαῖον καὶ μάχιμον τοῦτο μόνον κατέσχεν .
²⁴⁰ But because Hyrcanus discerned the inconvenience of so great a number of men in the city, while the provisions were the sooner spent by them, and yet, as is natural to suppose, those great numbers did nothing, he separated the useless part, and excluded them out of the city, and retained that part only which were in the flower of their age, and fit for war.	²⁴⁰ Because Hyrcanus saw the unsuitability of having so many within the city, since the rations would be sooner used up by them and clearly such large numbers achieved nothing, he separated the useless expelled them from the city and kept only those who were in their prime and fit for war.
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²⁴¹ ἈντίοχοςAntiochus μὲν οὖν τοὺς ἀπολεχθέντας ἐξελθεῖν ἐκώλυεν , οἱ δ᾽ ἐν τοῖς μεταξὺ τείχεσι κακούμενοι ταῖς βασάνοις ἀπέθνησκον οἰκτρῶς . ἐπιστάσης γε μὴν τῆς ἑορτῆς ἐλεοῦντες αὐτοὺς οἱ ἐντὸς πάλιν εἰσεδέξαντο .
²⁴¹ However, Antiochus would not let those that were excluded go away, who therefore wandering about between the walls, and consuming away by famine, died miserably; but when the feast of tabernacles was at hand, those that were within commiserated their condition, and received them in again.	²⁴¹ But Antiochus would not let those who were expelled go out and therefore they died pitifully, wandering miserably between the walls. But when the feast of tents was near those inside took pity on them and took them in again.
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²⁴² πέμψαντος δ᾽ ὙρκανοῦHyrcanus πρὸς ἈντίοχονAntiochus καὶ σπονδὰς ἡμερῶν ἑπτὰ διὰ τὴν‎ ἑορτὴν ἀξιώσαντος γενέσθαι , τῇ πρὸς τὸ θεῖον εὐσεβείᾳ εἴκων σπένδεται καὶ προσέτι θυσίαν εἰσέπεμψε μεγαλοπρεπῆ , ταύρους χρυσοκέρωτας καὶ μεστὰ παντοίων ἀρωμάτων ἐκπώματα χρύσεά τε καὶ ἀργύρεα .
²⁴² And when Hyrcanus sent to Antiochus, and desired there might be a truce for seven days, because of the festival, he gave way to this piety towards God, and made that truce accordingly. And besides that, he sent in a magnificent sacrifice, bulls with their horns gilded, with all sorts of sweet spices, and with cups of gold and silver.	²⁴² When Hyrcanus sent to Antiochus asking for a truce for seven days because of the festival, his religious piety caused him to grant it, and besides, he sent in a magnificent sacrifice, bulls with their horns gilded, with all sorts of sweet spices and cups of gold and silver.
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²⁴³ καὶ τὴν‎ μὲν θυσίαν δεξάμενοι παρὰ τῶν κομιζόντων οἱ πρὸς ταῖς πύλαις ὄντες ἄγουσιν εἰς τὸ ἱερόν , ἈντίοχοςAntiochus δὲ τὴν‎ στρατιὰν εἱστία , πλεῖστον ἈντιόχουAntiochus τοῦ ἘπιφανοῦςEpiphanes διενέγκας , ὃς τὴν‎ πόλιν ἑλὼν ὗς μὲν κατέθυσεν ἐπὶ τὸν βωμόν , τὸν νεὼν δὲ τῷ ζωμῷ τούτων περιέρρανε συγχέας τὰ ἸουδαίωνJews νόμιμα καὶ τὴν‎ πάτριον αὐτῶν εὐσέβειαν , ἐφ᾽ οἷς ἐξεπολεμώθη τὸ ἔθνος καὶ ἀκαταλλάκτως εἶχεν .
²⁴³ So those that were at the gates received the sacrifices from those that brought them, and led them to the temple, Antiochus the mean while feasting his army, which was a quite different conduct from Antiochus Epiphanes, who, when he had taken the city, offered swine upon the altar, and sprinkled the temple with the broth of their flesh, in order to violate the laws of the Jews, and the religion they derived from their forefathers; for which reason our nation made war with him, and would never be reconciled to him;	²⁴³ The gatekeepers received the sacrifices as they were brought and led them to the temple, and meanwhile Antiochus held a feast for his army, quite differently from Antiochus Epiphanes, who, when he had taken the city, offered swine upon the altar and sprinkled the temple with the broth of their flesh, to violate the laws of the Jews and the religion of their ancestors, and for this reason our nation made total war with him and was never reconciled to him.
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²⁴⁴ τοῦτον μέντοι τὸν ἈντίοχονAntiochus δι᾽ ὑπερβολὴν τῆς θρησκείας Εὐσεβῆ πάντες ἐκάλεσαν .
²⁴⁴ but for this Antiochus, all men called him Antiochus the Pious, for the great zeal he had about religion.	²⁴⁴ For his great zeal for religion, everyone referred to this Antiochus as "the Pious."
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²⁴⁵ Ἀποδεξάμενος δὲ αὐτοῦ‎ τὴν‎ ἐπιείκειαν ὙρκανὸςHyrcanus καὶ μαθὼν τὴν‎ περὶ τὸ θεῖον σπουδὴν ἐπρεσβεύσατο πρὸς αὐτόν , ἀξιῶν τὴν‎ πάτριον αὐτοῖς πολιτείαν ἀποδοῦναι . ὁ δὲ ἀπωσάμενος τὴν‎ ἐπιβουλὴν τῶν μὲν παραινούντων ἐξελεῖν τὸ ἔθνος διὰ τὴν‎ πρὸς ἄλλους αὐτῶν τῆς διαίτης ἀμιξίαν οὐκ ἐφρόντιζεν ,
²⁴⁵ Accordingly, Hyrcanus took this moderation of his kindly; and when he understood how religious he was towards the Deity, he sent an embassage to him, and desired that he would restore the settlements they received from their forefathers. So he rejected the counsel of those that would have him utterly destroy the nation, by reason of their way of living, which was to others unsociable, and did not regard what they said.	²⁴⁵ Impressed by his fairness and learning of his devotion to the Deity, Hyrcanus sent envoys to him asking him to restore their ancestral constitution. So he rejected and did not heed the advice of those who wanted the nation utterly destroyed because of its lifestyle, which others found unsociable and,
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²⁴⁶ πειθόμενος δὲ κατ᾽ εὐσέβειαν πάντα ποιεῖν τοῖς πρεσβευταῖς ἀπεκρίνατοto answer , παραδοῦναι μὲν τὰ ὅπλα τοὺς πολιορκουμένους καὶ δασμὸν αὐτῷ τελεῖν ἸόππηςJoppa, Perea καὶ τῶν ἄλλων πόλεων πάρεξ τῆς ἸουδαίαςJudea φρουράν τε δεξαμένους ἐπὶ τούτοις ἀπηλλάχθαι τοῦ πολέμου .
²⁴⁶ But being persuaded that all they did was out of a religious mind, he answered the ambassadors, that if the besieged would deliver up their arms, and pay tribute for Joppa, and the other cities which bordered upon Judea, and admit a garrison of his, on these terms he would make war against them no longer.	²⁴⁶ convinced that all they did was done out of piety, he answered the envoys that if the besieged surrendered their arms and paid tax for Joppa and the other cities bordering upon Judea and admitted his garrison, he would no longer make war on them.
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²⁴⁷ οἱ δὲ τἆλλα μὲν ὑπομένειν , τὴν‎ δὲ φρουρὰν οὐχ ὡμολόγουν διὰ τὴν‎ ἀμιξίαν οὐκ ἐφικνούμενοι πρὸς ἄλλους . ἀντὶ μέντοι γε τῆς φρουρᾶς ὁμήρους ἐδίδοσαν καὶ τάλαντα ἀργυρίου πεντακόσια , ὧν εὐθὺς τὰ τριακόσια καὶ τοὺς ὁμήρους προσδεξαμένου τοῦ βασιλέως ἔδοσαν , ἐν οἷς ἦν καὶ ὙρκανοῦHyrcanus ἀδελφός , καθεῖλεν δὲ καὶ τὴν‎ στεφάνην τῆς πόλεως .
²⁴⁷ But the Jews, although they were content with the other conditions, did not agree to admit the garrison, because they could not associate with other people, nor converse with them; yet were they willing, instead of the admission of the garrison, to give him hostages, and five hundred talents of silver; of which they paid down three hundred, and sent the hostages immediately, which king Antiochus accepted. One of those hostages was Hyrcanus’s brother. But still he broke down the fortifications that encompassed the city.	²⁴⁷ While with the rest, they would not accept the garrison, as they were not to associate with outsiders. Instead, the garrison would give him hostages and five hundred talents of silver, three hundred of it immediately, plus the hostages.
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²⁴⁸ ἐπὶ τούτοις μὲν οὖν ἈντίοχοςAntiochus τὴν‎ πολιορκίαν λύσας ἀνεχώρησεν .
²⁴⁸ And upon these conditions Antiochus broke up the siege, and departed.	²⁴⁸ When the king accepted, they handed them over, including Hyrcanus' brother; but still he broke down the crown [walls?] of the city . With that, Antiochus ended the siege and departed.
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²⁴⁹ ὙρκανὸςHyrcanus δὲ τὸν ΔαυίδουDavid τάφον ἀνοίξας , ὃς πλούτῳ τούς ποτε βασιλεῖς ὑπερέβαλεν , τρισχίλια μὲν ἀργυρίου τάλαντα ἐξεκόμισεν , ὁρμώμενος δ᾽ ὑπὸ τούτων πρῶτος ἸουδαίωνJews ξενοτροφεῖν ἤρξατο .
²⁴⁹ But Hyrcanus opened the sepulcher of David, who excelled all other kings in riches, and took out of it three thousand talents. He was also the first of the Jews that, relying on this wealth, maintained foreign troops. There was also a league of friendship and mutual assistance made between them; upon which Hyrcanus admitted him into the city, and furnished him with whatsoever his army wanted in great plenty, and with great generosity,	²⁴⁹ But Hyrcanus opened the burial vault of David, who surpassed all other kings in riches and took from it three thousand talents, and with them was the first of the Jews to maintain foreign troops.
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²⁵⁰ γίνεται δ᾽ αὐτῷ καὶ πρὸς ἈντίοχονAntiochus φιλία καὶ συμμαχία , καὶ δεξάμενος αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν‎ πόλιν ἀφθόνως πάντα τῇ στρατιᾷ καὶ φιλοτίμως παρέσχεν . Καὶ ποιουμένῳ τὴν‎ ἐπὶ ΠάρθουςParthians αὐτῷ στρατείαν συνεξώρμησεν ὙρκανόςHyrcanus . μάρτυς δὲ τούτων ἡμῖν ἐστιν καὶ ΝικόλαοςNicolaus ὁ ΔαμασκηνὸςDamascus οὕτως ἱστορῶν ·
²⁵⁰ and marched along with him when he made an expedition against the Parthians; of which Nicolaus of Damascus is a witness for us; who in his history writes thus:	²⁵⁰ He became a friend and military ally to Antiochus and admitted him to the city and furnished his army plentifully and with great generosity and marched with him in his campaign against the Parthians, of which Nicolaus of Damascus bears witness for us in his history as follows:
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²⁵¹ " τρόπαιον δὲ στήσας ἈντίοχοςAntiochus ἐπὶ τῷ Λύκῳ ποταμῷ νικήσας Ἰνδάτην τὸν ΠάρθωνParthians στρατηγὸν αὐτόθι ἔμεινεν ἡμέρας δύο δεηθέντος ὙρκανοῦHyrcanus τοῦ ἸουδαίουJew διά τινα ἑορτὴν πάτριον , ἐν ᾗ τοῖς ἸουδαίοιςJews οὐκ ἦν νόμιμον ἐξοδεύειν ." Καὶ ταῦτα μὲν οὐ ψεύδεται λέγων ·
²⁵¹ “When Antiochus had erected a trophy at the river Lycus, upon his conquest of Indates, the general of the Parthians, he staid there two days. It was at the desire of Lyrcanus the Jew, because it was such a festival derived to them from their forefathers, whereon the law of the Jews did not allow them to travel.”	²⁵¹ "When Antiochus set up a trophy at the river Lycus after conquering Indates, the general of the Parthians, he stayed there for two days at the desire of Hyrcanus the Jew, because of a traditional festival on which the Jews were not allowed to travel." And in saying this he was not wrong,
²⁵¹ Barach

²⁵² ἐνέστη γὰρ ἡ πεντηκοστὴ ἑορτὴ μετὰ τὸ σάββατον , οὐκ ἔξεστιto be allowed δ᾽ ἡμῖν οὔτε τοῖς σαββάτοις οὔτ᾽ ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ ὁδεύειν .
²⁵² And truly he did not speak falsely in saying so; for that festival, which we call Pentecost, did then fall out to be the next day to the Sabbath. Nor is it lawful for us to journey, either on the Sabbath day, or on a festival day.	²⁵² for the feast we call Pentecost, was then the day following the Sabbath, and neither on the Sabbath or on the festival is it lawful for us to go on a journey.
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²⁵³ συμβαλὼν δ᾽ ἈντίοχοςAntiochus Ἀρσάκῃ τῷ Πάρθῳ πολλήν τε τῆς στρατιᾶς ἀπέβαλενto throw off καὶ αὐτὸς ἀπόλλυται , τὴν‎ δὲ τῶν ΣύρωνSyrian βασιλείαν ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ‎ διαδέχεται ΔημήτριοςDemetrius Ἀρσάκου αὐτὸν ἐκ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας ἀπολύσαντος καθ᾽ ὃν χρόνον ἈντίοχοςAntiochus εἰς τὴν‎ Παρθυηνὴν ἐνέβαλεν , ὡς καὶ πρότερον ἐν ἄλλοις δεδήλωται.
²⁵³ But when Antiochus joined battle with Arsaces, the king of Parthin, he lost a great part of his army, and was himself slain; and his brother Demetrius succeeded in the kingdom of Syria, by the permission of Arsaces, who freed him from his captivity at the same time that Antiochus attacked Parthin, as we have formerly related elsewhere.	²⁵³ When Antiochus fought Arsaces, the king of Parthia, he lost most of his army and lost his own life, and his brother Demetrius succeeded in the kingdom of Syria when Arsaces freed him from captivity at the time that Antiochus attacked Parthia, as has already been said in another context.
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Chapter 9
[254-269]
Hyrcanus' expedition against Syria.
He makes a pact with the Romans

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²⁵⁴ ὙρκανὸςHyrcanus δὲ ἀκούσας τὸν ἈντιόχουAntiochus θάνατον εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὰς ἐν ΣυρίᾳSyria πόλεις ἐξεστράτευσεν οἰόμενος αὐτὰς εὑρήσειν , ὅπερ ἦν , ἐρήμους τῶν μαχίμων καὶ ῥύεσθαι δυναμένων .
²⁵⁴ But when Hyrcanus heard of the death of Antiochus, he presently made an expedition against the cities of Syria, hoping to find them destitute of fighting men, and of such as were able to defend them.	²⁵⁴ When Hyrcanus heard of the death of Antiochus, he immediately went out to war against the cities of Syria, hoping to find them short of fighting men able to defend them.
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²⁵⁵ Μήδαβαν μὲν οὖν πολλὰ τῆς στρατιᾶς αὐτῷ ταλαιπωρηθείσης ἕκτῳ μηνὶ εἷλεν , ἔπειτα καὶ Σαμόγαν καὶ τὰ πλησίον εὐθὺς αἱρεῖ ΣίκιμάSikima τε πρὸς τούτοις καὶ ΓαριζεὶνGarizim τό τε Κουθαίων γένος ,
²⁵⁵ However, it was not till the sixth month that he took Medaba, and that not without the greatest distress of his army. After this he took Samega, and the neighboring places; and besides these, Shechem and Gerizzim, and the nation of the Cutheans,	²⁵⁵ But he captured only Medaba after six months and after seriously weakening his army. Then he took Samoga and its neighbourhood and Sikima and Garizim and the Cuthean nation,
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²⁵⁶ ὃ περιοικεῖ τὸν εἰκασθέντα τῷ ἐν ἹεροσολύμοιςJerusalem ἱερῷ ναόν , ὃν ἈλέξανδροςAlexander ἐπέτρεψεν οἰκοδομῆσαι Σαναβαλλέτῃ τῷ στρατηγῷ διὰ τὸν γαμβρὸν ΜανασσῆνManasses τὸν Ἰαδδοῦς τοῦ ἀρχιερέως ἀδελφόν , ὡς πρότερον δεδηλώκαμεν . συνέβη δὲ τὸν ναὸν τοῦτον ἔρημον γενέσθαι μετὰ ἔτη διακόσια .
²⁵⁶ who dwelt at the temple which resembled that temple which was at Jerusalem, and which Alexander permitted Sanballat, the general of his army, to build for the sake of Manasseh, who was son-in-law to Jaddua the high priest, as we have formerly related; which temple was now deserted two hundred years after it was built.	²⁵⁶ who lived near the temple built like the one in Jerusalem and which Alexander had allowed his general Sanballat to build for the sake of Manasses, the son-in-law of Jaddous the high priest, as we said earlier. This temple was now deserted two hundred years after it was built.
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²⁵⁷ ὙρκανὸςHyrcanus δὲ καὶ τῆς ἸδουμαίαςIdumaea αἱρεῖ πόλεις ἌδωραAdor καὶ ΜάρισανMarissa , καὶ ἅπαντας τοὺς ἸδουμαίουςIdumaeans ὑπὸ χεῖρα ποιησάμενος ἐπέτρεψεν αὐτοῖς μένειν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ , εἰ περιτέμνοιντο τὰ αἰδοῖα καὶ τοῖς ἸουδαίωνJews νόμοις χρήσασθαι θέλοιεν .
²⁵⁷ Hyrcanus took also Dora and Marissa, cities of Idumea, and subdued all the Idumeans; and permitted them to stay in that country, if they would circumcise their genitals, and make use of the laws of the Jews;	²⁵⁷ Hyrcanus also took Dora and Marissa, cities of Idumaea and subdued all the Idumaeans, and let them remain in that area, if they would circumcise their genitals and follow the laws of the Jews.
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²⁵⁸ οἱ δὲ πόθῳ τῆς πατρίου γῆς καὶ τὴν‎ περιτομὴν καὶ τὴν‎ ἄλλην τοῦ βίου δίαιταν ὑπέμειναν τὴν‎ αὐτὴν ἸουδαίοιςJews ποιήσασθαι . κἀκείνοις αὐτοῖς χρόνος ὑπῆρχεν ὥστε εἶναι τὸ λοιπὸν ἸουδαίουςJews .
²⁵⁸ and they were so desirous of living in the country of their forefathers, that they submitted to the use of circumcision, and of the rest of the Jewish ways of living; at which time therefore this befell them, that they were hereafter no other than Jews.	²⁵⁸ They were so attached to their ancestral land that they submitted to circumcision, and to following the rest of the Jewish lifestyle, and from then onward they have continued as Jews.
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²⁵⁹ ὙρκανὸςHyrcanus δὲ ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς ἀνανεώσασθαι τὴν‎ πρὸς ῬωμαίουςRomans φιλίαν βουλόμενος πέμπει πρὸς αὐτοὺς πρεσβείαν . Καὶ ἡ σύγκλητος δεξαμένη τὰ παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ γράμματα ποιεῖται πρὸς αὐτὸν φιλίαν τούτῳ τῷ τρόπῳ ·
²⁵⁹ But Hyrcanus the high priest was desirous to renew that league of friendship they had with the Romans. Accordingly, he sent an embassage to them; and when the senate had received their epistle, they made a league of friendship with them, after the manner following:	²⁵⁹ Now the high priest Hyrcanus wished to renew their pact of friendship with the Romans, and sent them a delegation. When the senate received their letter, they made the pact of friendship with him as follows:
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²⁶⁰ ΦάννιοςFannius ΜάρκουMarcus υἱὸς στρατηγὸς βουλὴν ἤγαγεν πρὸ ὀκτὼ εἰδῶν ΦεβρουαρίωνFebruary ἐν Κομιτίῳ παρόντος ΛουκίουLucius ΜαννίουMallius ΛουκίουLucius υἱοῦ ΜεντίναMenenian καὶ ΓαίουGaius ΣεμπρωνίουSempronius πενναίου υἱοῦ ΦαλέρναFalernian περὶ ὧν ἐπρέσβευσεν ΣίμωνSimon ΔοσιθέουDositheus καὶ ἈπολλώνιοςApollonius ἈλεξάνδρουAlexander καὶ ΔιόδωροςDiodorus ἸάσονοςJason ἄνδρες καλοὶ καὶ ἀγαθοὶ πεμφθέντες ὑπὸ δήμου τοῦ ἸουδαίωνJews ,
²⁶⁰ “Fanius, the son of Marcus, the praetor, gathered the senate together on the eighth day before the Ides of February, in the senate-house, when Lucius Manlius, the son of Lucius, of the Mentine tribe, and Caius Sempronius, the son of Caius, of the Falernian tribe, were present. The occasion was, that the ambassadors sent by the people of the Jews Simon, the son of Dositheus, and Apollonius, the son of Alexander, and Diodorus, the son of Jason, who were good and virtuous men,	²⁶⁰ "General Fannius, son of Marcus, assembled the senate eight days before the Ides of February, in the senate-house, in the presence of Lucius Mallius, son of Lucius the Menenian, and Gaius Sempronius, noble son of the Falernian Gaius, and the good and virtuous envoys Simon, son of Dositheus, Apollonius, son of Alexander, and Diodorus, son of Jason, sent by the Jewish people.
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²⁶¹ [οἳ ] καὶ διελέχθησαν περὶ φιλίας τῆς ὑπαρχούσης τούτοις καὶ συμμαχίας πρὸς ῬωμαίουςRomans καὶ τῶν δημοσίων πραγμάτων , ὅπως τε ἸόππηJoppa καὶ λιμένες καὶ ΓάζωραGadara καὶ πηγαὶ καὶ ὅσαςall who, as much πόλεις αὐτῶν ἄλλας καὶ χωρία πολεμῶν ἔλαβεν ἈντίοχοςAntiochus παρὰ τὸ τῆς συγκλήτου δόγμα ταῦτα ἀποκατασταθῇ ,
²⁶¹ had somewhat to propose about that league of friendship and mutual assistance which subsisted between them and the Romans, and about other public affairs, who desired that Joppa, and the havens, and Gazara, and the springs [of Jordan], and the several other cities and countries of theirs, which Antiochus had taken from them in the war, contrary to the decree of the senate, might be restored to them;	²⁶¹ They spoke of the friendship and military alliance between them and the Romans and about other public affairs, asking for the restoration of Joppa and the harbours and Gadara and the fountain-heads and various other cities and districts of theirs, which Antiochus had taken from them in the war, contrary to the senate's decree,
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²⁶² ἵνα τε τοῖς στρατιώταις τοῖς βασιλικοῖς μὴ ἐξῇ διὰ τῆς χώρας τῆς αὐτῶν καὶ τῶν ὑπηκόων αὐτῶν διέρχεσθαι , καὶ ὅπως τὰ κατὰ τὸν πόλεμον ἐκεῖνον ψηφισθέντα ὑπὸ ἈντιόχουAntiochus παρὰ τὸ τῆς συγκλήτου δόγμα ἄκυρα γένηται ,
²⁶² and that it might not be lawful for the king’s troops to pass through their country, and the countries of those that are subject to them; and that what attempts Antiochus had made during that war, without the decree of the senate, might be made void;	²⁶² and that the king's troops not be allowed to pass through their country and other areas subject to them, and that whatever has been done by Antiochus against the senate's decree during that war should be declared void,
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²⁶³ ἵνα τε πρέσβεις πέμψαντες ἀποδοθῆναί τε αὐτοῖς ποιήσωσιν τὰ ὑπ᾽ ἈντιόχουAntiochus ἀφαιρεθέντα καὶ τὴν‎ χώραν διατιμήσωνται τὴν‎ ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ διεφθαρμένην , ὅπως τε αὐτοῖς πρός τε βασιλεῖς καὶ δήμους ἐλευθέρους γράμματα δῶσιν εἰς ἀσφάλειαν τῆς εἰς οἶκον ἐπανόδου .
²⁶³ and that they would send ambassadors, who should take care that restitution be made them of what Antiochus had taken from them, and that they should make an estimate of the country that had been laid waste in the war; and that they would grant them letters of protection to the kings and free people, in order to their quiet return home.	²⁶³ and that envoys should be sent to ensure that what Antiochus had taken from them be restored, and to assess the country that was ravaged in the war, and to grant them letters of protection to kings and free people, for their peaceful return home.
²⁶³ Barach

²⁶⁴ ἔδοξεν οὖν περὶ τούτων ταῦτα · ἀνανεώσασθαι φιλίαν καὶ συμμαχίαν πρὸς ἄνδρας ἀγαθοὺς καὶ ὑπὸ δήμου πεμφθέντας ἀγαθοῦ καὶ φίλου."
²⁶⁴ It was therefore decreed, as to these points, to renew their league of friendship and mutual assistance with these good men, and who were sent by a good and a friendly people.”	²⁶⁴ On these points a decree was made to renew their friendship and military alliance with these good men, sent by a good and a friendly people."
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²⁶⁵ περὶ μέντοι γραμμάτων ἀπεκρίναντο βουλεύσεσθαι , ὅταν ἀπὸ τῶν ἰδίων ἡ σύγκλητος εὐσχολήσῃ , σπουδάσειν τε τοῦ λοιποῦ μηδὲν εἰς αὐτοὺς ἀδίκημα τοιοῦτο γενέσθαι , δοῦναί τε αὐτοῖς τὸν στρατηγὸν Φάννιον χρήματα ἐκ τοῦ δημοσίου , ὅπως ἂν εἰς τὴν‎ οἰκείαν ἐπανέλθοιεν .
²⁶⁵ But as to the letters desired, their answer was, that the senate would consult about that matter when their own affairs would give them leave; and that they would endeavor, for the time to come, that no like injury should be done to them; and that their praetor Fanius should give them money out of the public treasury to bear their expenses home.	²⁶⁵ But about the requested letters, they replied that the senate would consult about them when their own affairs allowed, and that they would seek that no such harm be done to them in the future and that their praetor Fannius should give them money from the public treasury to pay for their journey home.
²⁶⁵ Barach

²⁶⁶ ΦάννιοςFannius μὲν οὖν οὕτως ἀποπέμπει τοὺς τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews πρέσβεις χρήματά τε δοὺς αὐτοῖς ἐκ τοῦ δημοσίου καὶ δόγμα συγκλήτου πρὸς τοὺς διαπέμψοντας καὶ ἀσφαλῆ παρεξομένους τὴν‎ οἴκαδε παρουσίαν .
²⁶⁶ And thus did Fanius dismiss the Jewish ambassadors, and gave them money out of the public treasury; and gave the decree of the senate to those that were to conduct them, and to take care that they should return home in safety.	²⁶⁶ That is how Fannius dismissed the Jewish envoys and gave them money from the public treasury, and gave the senate's decree to those who were to conduct them and see to their safe return home.
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²⁶⁷ Τὰ μὲν οὖν περὶ ὙρκανὸνHyrcanus τὸν ἀρχιερέα ἐν τούτοις ὑπῆρχεν , ΔημητρίῳDemetrius δὲ τῷ βασιλεῖ προθυμουμένῳ στρατεύειν ἐπὶ ὙρκανὸνHyrcanus οὐκ ἐξεγένετο καιρὸς οὐδὲ ἀφορμὴ τῶν τε ΣύρωνSyrian καὶ τῶν στρατιωτῶν πρὸς αὐτὸν ἀπεχθανομένων , πονηρὸς γὰρ ἦν , καὶ πεμψάντων πρὸς ΠτολεμαῖονPtolemy τὸν Φύσκωνα ἐπικληθέντα πρέσβεις , ὅπως τινὰ τῶν ἐκ τοῦ ΣελεύκουSeleucus γένους παραδῷ αὐτοῖς ἀποληψόμενον τὴν‎ βασιλείαν .
²⁶⁷ And thus stood the affairs of Hyrcanus the high priest. But as for king Demetrius, who had a mind to make war against Hyrcanus, there was no opportunity nor room for it, while both the Syrians and the soldiers bare ill-will to him, because he was an ill man. But when they had sent ambassadors to Ptolemy, who was called Physcon, that he would send them one of the family of Seleucus, in order to take the kingdom,	²⁶⁷ Such was the situation of Hyrcanus the high priest. And though king Demetrius wanted to make war on Hyrcanus, he had no occasion or place for it since both the Syrians and the soldiers disliked him as an evil man. When he sent envoys to Ptolemy, surnamed Physcon, to send them one of the Seleucid family to take over the kingdom,
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²⁶⁸ τοῦ δὲ ΠτολεμαίουPtolemy πέμψαντος ἈλέξανδρονAlexander μετὰ στρατιᾶς τὸν Ζεβίναν ἐπιλεγόμενον καὶ μάχης πρὸς τὸν ΔημήτριονDemetrius γενομένης , ὁ μὲν ἡττηθεὶς τῇ μάχῃ φεύγει πρὸς ΚλεοπάτρανCleopatra τὴν‎ γυναῖκα εἰς ΠτολεμαίδαPtolemais καὶ μὴ δεξαμένης αὐτὸν τῆς γυναικὸς ἐκεῖθεν ἀπελθὼν εἰς ΤύρονTyre ἁλίσκεται καὶ πολλὰ παθὼν ὑπὸ τῶν μισούντων ἀπέθανεν .
²⁶⁸ and he had sent them Alexander, who was called Zebina, with an army, and there had been a battle between them, Demetrius was beaten in the fight, and fled to Cleopatra his wife, to Ptolemais; but his wife would not receive him. He went thence to Tyre, and was there caught; and when he had suffered much from his enemies before his death, he was slain by them.	²⁶⁸ Ptolemy sent them Alexander, surnamed Zebina, with an army and in the battle Demetrius was defeated and fled to his wife Cleopatra, in Ptolemais, but when she did not receive him he went on to Tyre where he was caught, and after suffering much from his enemies, he died.
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²⁶⁹ ἈλέξανδροςAlexander δὲ τὴν‎ βασιλείαν παραλαβὼν φιλίαν ποιεῖται πρὸς ὙρκανὸνHyrcanus τὸν ἀρχιερέα . ἔπειτα πολεμήσαντος αὐτῷ τοῦ ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius παιδὸς ἈντιόχουAntiochus τοῦ Γρυποῦ ἐπικληθέντος , ἡττηθεὶς τῇ μάχῃ διαφθείρεται .
²⁶⁹ So Alexander took the kingdom, and made a league with Hyrcanus, who yet, when he afterward fought with Antiochus the son of Demetrius, who was called Grypus, was also beaten in the fight, and slain.	²⁶⁹ So Alexander took over the kingdom and made a pact with Hyrcanus the high priest. Later, when he fought against Antiochus the son of Demetrius, surnamed Grypus, he too was defeated in battle and killed.
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Chapter 10
[270-300]
Hyrcanus demolishes Samaria.
He changes sides, from Sadducee to Pharisee

☜ ☞

²⁷⁰ Παραλαβὼν δὲ τὴν‎ τῆς ΣυρίαςSyria βασιλείαν ὁ ἈντίοχοςAntiochus ἐπὶ μὲν τὴν‎ ἸουδαίανJudea στρατεύειν εὐλαβὴς ἦν τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀκούων τὸν ὁμομήτριον , ἈντίοχοςAntiochus δὲ κἀκεῖνος ἐκαλεῖτο , δύναμιν ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν ἀπὸ Κυζίκου συλλέγειν .
²⁷⁰ When Antiochus had taken the kingdom, he was afraid to make war against Judea, because he heard that his brother by the same mother, who was also called Antiochus, was raising an army against him out of Cyzicum;	²⁷⁰ When Antiochus became king he was afraid to go to war on Judea because he heard that a brother of his (by the same mother) also called Antiochus, was raising an army against him from Cyzicum,
²⁷⁰ Barach

²⁷¹ μένων δὲ κατὰ χώραν ἔγνω παρασκευάζειν αὑτὸν πρὸς τὴν‎ ἔφοδον τὴν‎ τἀδελφοῦ , ὃς Κυζικηνὸς μὲν ἐπεκλήθη διὰ τὸ τραφῆναι ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ πόλει , πατρὸς δ᾽ ἦν ἈντιόχουAntiochus τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἐπικληθέντος , ὃς ἐν ΠάρθοιςParthians ἀπέθανεν · οὗτος δὲ ἀδελφὸς ἦν ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius τοῦ Γρυποῦ πατρός . συνέβη μέντοι μίαν τοῖς δυσὶν ἀδελφοῖς γῆμαι ΚλεοπάτρανCleopatra , ὡς καὶ ἐν ἄλλοις ἱστορήκαμεν .
²⁷¹ so he staid in his own land, and resolved to prepare himself for the attack he expected from his brother, who was called Cyzicenus, because he had been brought up in that city. He was the son of Antiochus that was called Soter, who died in Parthia. He was the brother of Demetrius, the father of Grypus; for it had so happened, that one and the same Cleopatra was married to two who were brethren, as we have related elsewhere.	²⁷¹ so he stayed at home, to be ready for the attack by his brother, who was nicknamed "Cyzicenus" as he was reared in that city. He was the son of Antiochus Soter, who had died in Parthia. He was the brother of Demetrius, the father of Grypus, for that one and the same Cleopatra happened to marry both brothers, as we have said elsewhere.
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²⁷² ὁ δὲ Κυζικηνὸς ἈντίοχοςAntiochus παραγενόμενος εἰς τὴν‎ ΣυρίανSyria πολλοῖς ἔτεσιν πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν πολεμῶν διετέλει . ὙρκανὸςHyrcanus δὲ πάντα ἐκεῖνον τὸν χρόνον ἐν εἰρήνῃ διῆγεν ·
²⁷² But Antiochus Cyzicenus coming into Syria, continued many years at war with his brother. Now Hyrcanus lived all this while in peace;	²⁷² When Antiochus Cyzicenus came into Syria, he went on warring with his brother for many years, and all this while Hyrcanus lived in peace.
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²⁷³ καὶ γὰρ αὐτὸς μετὰ τὴν‎ ἈντιόχουAntiochus τελευτὴν τῶν ΜακεδόνωνMacedonians ἀπέστη καὶ οὔτε ὡς ὑπήκοος οὔτε ὡς Φίλος αὐτοῖς οὐδὲν ἔτι παρεῖχεν , ἀλλ᾽ ἦν αὐτῷ τὰ πράγματα ἐν ἐπιδόσει πολλῇ καὶ ἀκμῇ κατὰ τοὺς ἈλεξάνδρουAlexander τοῦ Ζαβιναίου καιρούς , καὶ μάλιστ᾽ ἐπὶ τούτοις τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς . ὁ γὰρ πρὸς ἀλλήλους αὐτοῖς πόλεμος σχολὴν ὙρκανῷHyrcanus καρποῦσθαι τὴν‎ ἸουδαίανJudea ἐπ᾽ ἀδείας παρεῖχεν , ὡς ἄπειρόν τι χρημάτων πλῆθος συναγαγεῖν .
²⁷³ for after the death of Antlochus, he revolted from the Macedonians, nor did he any longer pay them the least regard, either as their subject or their friend; but his affairs were in a very improving and flourishing condition in the times of Alexander Zebina, and especially under these brethren, for the war which they had with one another gave Hyrcanus the opportunity of enjoying himself in Judea quietly, insomuch that he got an immense quantity of money.	²⁷³ But after Antiochus died he rebelled from the Macedonians and no longer submitted to them, either as a subject or a friend, and still things prospered for him in the time of Alexander Zebina and especially under these brothers, since their war with each other allowed Hyrcanus to enjoy Judea in peace and to amass a large amount of money.
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²⁷⁴ τοῦ μέντοι γε Κυζικηνοῦ τὴν‎ γῆν κακοῦντος φανερῶς καὶ αὐτὸς τὴν‎ αὐτοῦ‎ προαίρεσιν ἐπεδείκνυτο , καὶ τῶν ἀπ᾽ ΑἰγύπτουEgypt συμμάχων ἔρημον ὁρῶν τὸν ἈντίοχονAntiochus καὶ αὐτόν τε πράττοντα κακῶς καὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ‎ ἐν τοῖς πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγῶσιν , ἀμφοτέρων κατεφρόνησεν .
²⁷⁴ However, when Antiochus Cyzicenus distressed his land, he then openly showed what he meant. And when he saw that Antiochus was destitute of Egyptian auxiliaries, and that both he and his brother were in an ill condition in the struggles they had one with another, he despised them both.	²⁷⁴ However, when Antiochus Cyzicenus plundered his land, he made his intentions clear, and when he saw Antiochus deprived of Egyptian allies and that both he and his brother were in a poor state in their struggles with each other, he scorned them both.
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²⁷⁵ Καὶ στρατεύει μὲν ἐπὶ ΣαμάρειανSamaria πόλιν ὀχυρωτάτην , περὶ ἧς , ὅτι καλεῖται νῦν ΣεβαστὴSebaste κτισθεῖσα ὑπὸ ἩρώδουHerod , κατὰ χώραν δηλώσομεν . προσβαλὼν δ᾽ αὐτῇ φιλοπόνως ἐπολιόρκει μισοπονηρῶν τοῖς ΣαμαρεῦσινSamaritans ὑπὲρ ὧν Μαρισηνοὺς ἀποίκους ὄντας ἸουδαίωνJews καὶ συμμάχους ἠδίκησαν ὑπακούοντες τοῖς τῶν ΣύρωνSyrian βασιλεῦσιν .
²⁷⁵ So he made an expedition against Samaria which was a very strong city; of whose present name Sebaste, and its rebuilding by Herod, we shall speak at a proper time; but he made his attack against it, and besieged it with a great deal of pains; for he was greatly displeased with the Samaritans for the injuries they had done to the people of Merissa, a colony of the Jews, and confederate with them, and this in compliance to the kings of Syria.	²⁷⁵ So he marched against Samaria which was a very strong city; and we shall speak at a proper time about its present name, Sebaste, and its rebuilding by Herod. He attacked and besieged it with great effort, being very indignant at the wrongs which, in order to please the Syrian kings, the Samaritans had done to the people of Merissa, a Jewish colony in alliance with them.
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²⁷⁶ περιβαλὼν οὖν τάφρον πανταχόθεν τῇ πόλει καὶ διπλοῦν τεῖχος ὡς ἀπὸ σταδίων ὀγδοήκοντα τοὺς υἱοὺς ἐφίστησιν ἈντίγονονAntignus καὶ ἈριστόβουλονAristobulus . ὧν ἐπικειμένων εἰς τοῦτο ἀνάγκης ὑπὸ λιμοῦ προαχθῆναι τοὺς ΣαμαρεῖςSamaritans συνέπεσεν , ὡς ἅψασθαι μὲν καὶ τῶν ἀήθων , ἐπικαλέσασθαι δὲ βοηθὸν ἈντίοχονAntiochus τὸν Κυζικηνόν .
²⁷⁶ When he had therefore drawn a ditch, and built a double wall round the city, which was fourscore furlongs long, he set his sons Antigonus and Arisrobulna over the siege; which brought the Samaritans to that great distress by famine, that they were forced to eat what used not to be eaten, and to call for Antiochus Cyzicenus to help them,	²⁷⁶ So he made a ditch and a double wall, eighty furlongs long, around the city and put his sons Antigonus and Aristobulus in charge of the siege. This caused such hunger among the Samaritans that they were forced to eat what was formerly inedible and to call on Antiochus Cyzicenus for help.
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²⁷⁷ ὃς ἑτοίμως ἐπὶ τὴν‎ συμμαχίαν ἀφικόμενος ὑπὸ τῶν περὶ ἈριστόβουλονAristobulus ἡττᾶται , διωχθεὶς δ᾽ ἄχρι ΣκυθοπόλεωςScythopolis ὑπὸ τῶν ἀδελφῶν διέφυγεν . οἱ δ᾽ ἐπὶ τοὺς ΣαμαρεῖςSamaritans ὑποστρέψαντες συγκλείουσι πάλιν εἰς τὸ τεῖχος αὐτούς , ὡς καὶ δεύτερον ἐπικαλέσασθαι σύμμαχον πέμψαντες τὸν αὐτὸν ἈντίοχονAntiochus .
²⁷⁷ who came readily to their assistance, but was beaten by Aristobulus; and when he was pursued as far as Scythopolis by the two brethren, he got away. So they returned to Samaria, and shut them again within the wall, till they were forced to send for the same Antiochus a second time to help them,	²⁷⁷ He readily came to their assistance but was defeated by Aristobulus, and escaped, although pursued as far as Scythopolis by the two brothers. These returned to Samaria and again blockaded them within the wall, until they were forced to send a second time to Antiochus for help.
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²⁷⁸ ὃς παρὰ ΠτολεμαίουPtolemy τοῦ Λαθούρου μεταπεμψάμενος ἄνδρας εἰς ἑξακισχιλίους , οὓς ἀκούσης τῆς μητρὸς ἐκεῖνος καὶ ὅσον οὔπω τῆς ἀρχῆς αὐτὸν ἐκβεβληκυίας ἐξαπέστειλεν , τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἐπιὼν ἐπόρθει τὴν‎ ὙρκανοῦHyrcanus χώραν μετὰ τῶν ΑἰγυπτίωνEgyptians λῃστρικῶς , μάχεσθαι μὲν αὐτῷ κατὰ πρόσωπον οὐ τολμῶν , οὐ γὰρ ἦν ἀξιόχρεωςnote-worthy ἡ δύναμις αὐτοῦ‎ , νομίζων δὲ τῇ κακώσει τῆς γῆς ἀναγκάσειν ὙρκανὸνHyrcanus λῦσαι τὴν‎ τῆς ΣαμαρείαςSamaria πολιορκίαν .
²⁷⁸ who procured about six thousand men from Ptolemy Lathyrus, which were sent them without his mother’s consent, who had then in a manner turned him out of his government. With these Egyptians Antiochus did at first overrun and ravage the country of Hyrcanus after the manner of a robber, for he durst not meet him in the face to fight with him, as not having an army sufficient for that purpose, but only from this supposal, that by thus harassing his land he should force Hyrcanus to raise the siege of Samaria;	²⁷⁸ He got about six thousand men from Ptolemy Lathyrus, who sent them without his mother's consent, for she had then almost deposed him from ruling. With these Egyptians Antiochus at first overran and ravaged the district of Hyrcanus like a brigand, though he dared not meet him face to face in battle, as his army was insufficient for that purpose, so he hoped by so harassing his land to force Hyrcanus to raise the siege of Samaria.
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²⁷⁹ ἐπεὶ δὲ πολλοὺς τῶν στρατιωτῶν ἀπώλλυεν ἐνέδραις περιπαθήσας , ἀπῆρεν εἰς ΤρίπολινTripoli Καλλιμάνδρῳ καὶ Ἐπικράτει τὸν πρὸς τοὺς ἸουδαίουςJews πόλεμον ἐπιτρέψας .
²⁷⁹ but because he fell into snares, and lost many of his soldiers therein, he went away to Tripoli, and committed the prosecution of the war against the Jews to Callimander and Epicrates.	²⁷⁹ In the process he fell into ambushes and lost many of his soldiers, so he went off to Tripoli and left Callimander and Epicrates to conduct the war against the Jews.
²⁷⁹ Barach

²⁸⁰ Καλλίμανδρος μὲν οὖν θρασύτερον τοῖς πολεμίοις προσενεχθεὶς εἰς φυγὴν τραπόμενος παραχρῆμα διεφθάρη . Ἐπικράτης δὲ ὑπὸ φιλοχρηματίας τήν τε ΣκυθόπολινScythopolis καὶ τὰ ἄλλα πρὸς ταύτῃ χωρία προύδωκε φανερῶς τοῖς ἸουδαίοιςJews , τὴν‎ δὲ ΣαμαρείαςSamaria πολιορκίαν διαλύειν οὐκ ἠδύνατο .
²⁸⁰ But as to Callimander, he attacked the enemy too rashly, and was put to flight, and destroyed immediately; and as to Epicrates, he was such a lover of money, that he openly betrayed Scythopolis, and other places near it, to the Jews, but was not able to make them raise the siege of Samaria.	²⁸⁰ But Callimander attacked the enemy too boldly and was put to flight and soon destroyed, and Epicrates was such a lover of money that he openly betrayed Scythopolis and other places near it to the Jews, yet could not make them lift the siege of Samaria.
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²⁸¹ ὙρκανὸςHyrcanus μὲν οὖν τὴν‎ πόλιν ἑλὼν ἐνιαυτῷ πολιορκήσας οὐκ ἠρκέσθη μόνῳ τούτῳ , ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶσαν αὐτὴν ἠφάνισεν ἐπίκλυστον τοῖς χειμάρροις ποιήσας · διασκάψας γὰρ αὐτὴν ὥστ᾽ εἰς χαράδρας μεταπεσεῖν τὰ σημεῖα τοῦ γενέσθαι ποτὲ πόλιν αὐτὴν ἀφείλετο .
²⁸¹ And when Hyrcanus had taken that city, which was not done till after a year’s siege, he was not contented with doing that only, but he demolished it entirely, and brought rivulets to it to drown it, for he dug such hollows as might let the water run under it; nay, he took away the very marks that there had ever been such a city there.	²⁸¹ When, after a year's siege, Hyrcanus finally took the city, he did not leave it as it was but completely demolished it and brought streams to flood it and dug trenches to let the water run under it, removing the very signs that there had ever been such a city there.
²⁸¹ Barach

²⁸² παράδοξον δέ τι καὶ περὶ τοῦ ἀρχιερέως ὙρκανοῦHyrcanus λέγεται , τίνα τρόπον αὐτῷ τὸ θεῖον εἰς λόγους ἦλθεν · φασὶν γάρ , ὅτι κατ᾽ ἐκείνην τὴν‎ ἡμέραν , καθ᾽ ἣν οἱ παῖδες αὐτοῦ‎ τῷ Κυζικηνῷ συνέβαλον , αὐτὸς ἐν τῷ ναῷ θυμιῶν μόνος ὢν ἀρχιερεὺς ἀκούσειε φωνῆς , ὡς οἱ παῖδες αὐτοῦ‎ νενικήκασιν ἀρτίως τὸν ἈντίοχονAntiochus .
²⁸² Now a very surprising thing is related of this high priest Hyrcanus, how God came to discourse with him; for they say that on the very same day on which his sons fought with Antiochus Cyzicenus, he was alone in the temple, as high priest, offering incense, and heard a voice, that his sons had just then overcome Antiochus.	²⁸² Now a strange thing is told about this high priest Hyrcanus, how the Divinity came to talk with him. They say that on the very day when his sons fought Antiochus Cyzicenus, he was alone in the temple, offering incense as high priest, when a voice told him that his sons had just then defeated Antiochus.
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²⁸³ καὶ τοῦτο προελθὼν ἐκ τοῦ ναοῦ παντὶ τῷ πλήθει φανερὸν ἐποίησεν , καὶ συνέβη οὕτως γενέσθαι . Καὶ τὰ μὲν περὶ ὙρκανὸνHyrcanus ἐν τούτοις ἦν .
²⁸³ And this he openly declared before all the multitude upon his coming out of the temple; and it accordingly proved true; and in this posture were the affairs of Hyrcanus.	²⁸³ This he publicly declared before all the people when he came from the temple, and it proved to be true. Such was the story of Hyrcanus.
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²⁸⁴ Κατὰ δὲ τοῦτον Ἔτυχε τὸν καιρὸν μὴ μόνον τοὺς ἐν ἹεροσολύμοιςJerusalem καὶ τῇ χώρᾳ ἸουδαίουςJews εὐπραγεῖν , ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ἐν ἈλεξανδρείᾳAlexandria κατοικοῦντας καὶ ἐν ΑἰγύπτῳEgypt καὶ ΚύπρῳCyprus ·
²⁸⁴ Now it happened at this time, that not only those Jews who were at Jerusalem and in Judea were in prosperity, but also those of them that were at Alexandria, and in Egypt and Cyprus;	²⁸⁴ At this time, not only were the Jews prospering in Jerusalem and in Judea, but also those of them who were in Alexandria and Egypt and Cyprus.
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²⁸⁵ ΚλεοπάτραCleopatra γὰρ ἡ βασίλισσα πρὸς τὸν υἱὸν στασιάζουσα ΠτολεμαῖονPtolemy τὸν ΛάθουρονLathyrus ἐπιλεγόμενον κατέστησεν ἡγεμόνας Χελκίαν καὶ ἈνανίανAnanias υἱοὺς ὄντας ὈνίουOnias τοῦ οἰκοδομήσαντος τὸν ναὸν ἐν τῷ ἩλιοπολίτῃHeliopolis νομῷa law πρὸς τὸν ἐν τοῖς ἹεροσολύμοιςJerusalem , ὡς καὶ πρόσθεν δεδηλώκαμεν .
²⁸⁵ for Cleopatra the queen was at variance with her son Ptolemy, who was called Lathyrus, and appointed for her generals Chelcias and Ananias, the sons of that Onias who built the temple in the prefecture of Heliopolis, like to that at Jerusalem, as we have elsewhere related.	²⁸⁵ Queen Cleopatra was at odds with her son Ptolemy, surnamed Lathyrus, and appointed as her generals Chelcias and Ananias, the sons of the Onias who, as we said earlier, built in the prefecture of Heliopolis a temple like the one in Jerusalem.
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²⁸⁶ παραδοῦσα δὲ τούτοις ἡ ΚλεοπάτραCleopatra τὴν‎ στρατιὰν οὐδὲν δίχα τῆς τούτων γνώμης ἔπραττεν , ὡς μαρτυρεῖ καὶ ΣτράβωνStrabo ἡμῖν ὁ ΚαππάδοξCappadocia λέγων οὕτως ·
²⁸⁶ Cleopatra intrusted these men with her army, and did nothing without their advice, as Strabo of Cappadocia attests, when he saith thus,	²⁸⁶ Cleopatra entrusted her army to these two and did nothing without their advice, as witnessed by Strabo of Cappadocia when he says:
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²⁸⁷ " οἱ γὰρ πλείους , οἵ τε συνελθόντες καὶ οἱ ὕστερον ἐπιπεμπόμενοι παρὰ τῆς ΚλεοπάτραςCleopatra εἰς ΚύπρονCyprus , μετεβάλοντο παραχρῆμα πρὸς τὸν ΠτολεμαῖονPtolemy · μόνοι δὲ οἱ ἐκ τῆς ὈνίουOnias γενόμενοι ἸουδαῖοιJews συνέμενον διὰ τὸ τοὺς πολίτας αὐτῶν εὐδοκιμεῖν μάλιστα παρὰ τῇ βασιλίσσῃ Χελκίαν τε καὶ ἈνανίανAnanias." ταῦτα μὲν οὖν ὁ ΣτράβωνStrabo φησίν .
²⁸⁷ “Now the greater part, both those that came to Cyprus with us, and those that were sent afterward thither, revolted to Ptolemy immediately; only those that were called Onias’s party, being Jews, continued faithful, because their countrymen Chelcias and Ananias were in chief favor with the queen.” These are the words of Strabo.	²⁸⁷ "Most of those who came to Cyprus with us or were sent there later, immediately went over to Ptolemy. Only those who were called Onias' party, being Jews, continued faithful, because their countrymen Chelcias and Ananias were in high favour with the queen." That is what Strabo says.
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²⁸⁸ ὙρκανῷHyrcanus δὲ φθόνον ἐκίνησεν παρὰ τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews ἡ εὐπραγία , μάλιστα δ᾽ οἱ ΦαρισαῖοιPharisees κακῶς πρὸς αὐτὸν εἶχον , αἵρεσις ὄντες μία τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews , ὡς καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἐπάνω δεδηλώκαμεν . τοσαύτην δὲ ἔχουσι τὴν‎ ἰσχὺν παρὰ τῷ πλήθει , ὡς καὶ κατὰ βασιλέως τι λέγοντες καὶ κατ᾽ ἀρχιερέως εὐθὺς πιστεύεσθαι .
²⁸⁸ However, this prosperous state of affairs moved the Jews to envy Hyrcanus; but they that were the worst disposed to him were the Pharisees, who were one of the sects of the Jews, as we have informed you already. These have so great a power over the multitude, that when they say any thing against the king, or against the high priest, they are presently believed.	²⁸⁸ But the Jews envied Hyrcanus his prosperity, and those worst disposed to him were the Pharisees, who were one of the sects of the Jews as we have said. These have such power over the people, that when they say anything against the king or the high priest, they are readily believed.
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²⁸⁹ μαθητὴς δὲ αὐτῶν ἦν καὶ ὙρκανὸςHyrcanus καὶ σφόδρα ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν ἠγαπᾶτο . Καὶ δὴ καλέσας αὐτοὺς ἐφ᾽ ἑστίασιν καὶ φιλοφρόνως ὑποδεξάμενος , ἐπεὶ σφόδρα ἡδομένους ἑώρα , λέγειν ἤρξατο πρὸς αὐτούς , ὡς ἴσασιν μὲν αὐτὸν βουλόμενον εἶναι δίκαιον καὶ πάντα ποιοῦντα ἐξ ὧν ἀρέσειεν ἂν τῷ θεῷ καὶ αὐτοῖς ·
²⁸⁹ Now Hyrcanus was a disciple of theirs, and greatly beloved by them. And when he once invited them to a feast, and entertained them very kindly, when he saw them in a good humor, he began to say to them, that they knew he was desirous to be a righteous man, and to do all things whereby he might please God, which was the profession of the Pharisees also.	²⁸⁹ Now Hyrcanus was a much beloved disciple of theirs, and once when he invited them to a feast and entertained them well and saw them in a good humour, he began to say to them how they knew he wanted to be a righteous man and to do all things to please God, for the Pharisees love wisdom.
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²⁹⁰ οἱ γὰρ ΦαρισαῖοιPharisees φιλοσοφοῦσιν · ἠξίου γε μήν , εἰ βλέπουσιν αὐτὸν ἁμαρτάνοντα καὶ τῆς ὁδοῦ τῆς δικαίας ἐκτρεπόμενον εἰς αὐτὴν ἐπαναγαγεῖν καὶ ἐπανορθοῦν . τῶν δὲ μαρτυρησάντων αὐτῷ πᾶσαν ἀρετὴν ὁ μὲν ἥσθη τοῖς ἐπαίνοιςpraise, approval ,
²⁹⁰ However, he desired, that if they observed him offending in any point, and going out of the right way, they would call him back and correct him. On which occasion they attested to his being entirely virtuous; with which commendation he was well pleased. But still there was one of his guests there, whose name was Eleazar,	²⁹⁰ He asked them to reproach him and correct him if they observed him offending in any point and leaving the right way. This made them profess that he was entirely virtuous, and he was well pleased with the praise.
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²⁹¹ εἷς δέ τις τῶν κατακειμένων ἘλεάζαροςEleazar ὄνομα , κακοήθης ὢν φύσει καὶ στάσει χαίρων ἐπεί , φησίν , " ἠξίωσας γνῶναι τὴν‎ ἀλήθειαν , θέλεις δὲ εἶναι δίκαιος , τὴν‎ ἀρχιερωσύνην ἀπόθου , καὶ μόνον ἀρκείτω σοι τὸ ἄρχειν τοῦ λαοῦ."
²⁹¹ a man of an ill temper, and delighting in seditious practices. This man said, “Since thou desirest to know the truth, if thou wilt be righteous in earnest, lay down the high priesthood, and content thyself with the civil government of the people,”	²⁹¹ But one of his guests named Eleazar, a bad-tempered man who delighted in unruly behaviour, said, "Since you desire to know the truth, if you wish to be righteous in earnest, set aside the high priesthood and be satisfied with ruling the people."
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²⁹² τὴν‎ δ᾽ αἰτίαν αὐτοῦ‎ πυθομένου , δι᾽ ἣν ἀποθοῖτο τὴν‎ ἀρχιερωσύνην ὅτι , φησίν , "ἀκούομεν παρὰ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων αἰχμάλωτόν σου γεγονέναι τὴν‎ μητέρα βασιλεύοντος ἈντιόχουAntiochus τοῦ ἘπιφανοῦςEpiphanes ." ψευδὴς λόγος ἦν · καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν ὙρκανὸςHyrcanus παρωξύνθη καὶ πάντες δ᾽ οἱ ΦαρισαῖοιPharisees σφοδρῶς ἠγανάκτησαν .
²⁹² And when he desired to know for what cause he ought to lay down the high priesthood, the other replied, “We have heard it from old men, that thy mother had been a captive under the reign of Antiochus Epiphanes. “ This story was false, and Hyrcanus was provoked against him; and all the Pharisees had a very great indignation against him.	²⁹² When he asked why he should set aside the high priesthood, the other answered, "We have heard from the old people that your mother was a prisoner during the reign of Antiochus Epiphanes." This story was false and Hyrcanus was very angry with him, as were all the Pharisees.
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²⁹³ Τῶν δ᾽ ἐκ τῶν ΣαδδουκαίωνSadducees τῆς αἱρέσεως , οἳ τὴν‎ ἐναντίανopposite, against τοῖς ΦαρισαίοιςPharisees προαίρεσιν ἔχουσιν , ἸωνάθηςJonathan τις ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα Φίλος ὢν ὙρκανῷHyrcanus τῇ κοινῇ πάντων ΦαρισαίωνPharisees γνώμῃ ποιήσασθαι τὰς βλασφημίας τὸν ἘλεάζαρονEleazar ἔλεγεν · καὶ τοῦτ᾽ ἔσεσθαι φανερὸν αὐτῷ πυθομένῳ παρ᾽ ἐκείνων , τίνος ἄξιός ἐστιν ἐπὶ τοῖς εἰρημένοις κολάσεως .
²⁹³ Now there was one Jonathan, a very great friend of Hyrcanus’s, but of the sect of the Sadducees, whose notions are quite contrary to those of the Pharisees. He told Hyrcanus that Eleazar had cast such a reproach upon him, according to the common sentiments of all the Pharisees, and that this would be made manifest if he would but ask them the question, What punishment they thought this man deserved?	²⁹³ A man called Jonathan, of the Sadducee party, whose ideas are quite contrary to those of the Pharisees, was very friendly with Hyrcanus. He said that Eleazar's insult was the general view of all Pharisees and that this would be shown if he asked them what penalty he deserved for what he said.
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²⁹⁴ τοῦ δὲ ὙρκανοῦHyrcanus τοὺς Φαρισαίους ἐρομένου , τίνος αὐτὸν ἄξιον ἡγοῦνται τιμωρίας · πειραθήσεσθαι γὰρ οὐ μετὰ τῆς ἐκείνων γνώμης γεγονέναι τὰς βλασφημίας τιμησαμένων αὐτὸν τῷ μέτρῳ τῆς δίκης , πληγῶν ἔφασανto affirm, say καὶ δεσμῶν · οὐ γὰρ ἐδόκει λοιδορίας ἕνεκα θανάτῳ ζημιοῦν , ἄλλως τε καὶ φύσει πρὸς τὰς κολάσεις ἐπιεικῶς ἔχουσιν οἱ ΦαρισαῖοιPharisees .
²⁹⁴ for that he might depend upon it, that the reproach was not laid on him with their approbation, if they were for punishing him as his crime deserved. So the Pharisees made answer, that he deserved stripes and bonds, but that it did not seem right to punish reproaches with death. And indeed the Pharisees, even upon other occasions, are not apt to be severe in punishments.	²⁹⁴ So Hyrcanus asked them what penalty they thought he deserved. This would prove, if they wanted him properly punished for his blasphemy, that the insult did not have their approval. The Pharisees replied that he deserved beating and prison but that it did not seem right to punish insults with death, and even on other occasions the Pharisees tend not to be severe in punishments.
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²⁹⁵ πρὸς τοῦτο λίαν ἐχαλέπηνεν καὶ δοκοῦν ἐκείνοις ποιήσασθαι τὰς βλασφημίας τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐνόμισενto use by custom, practise . μάλιστα δ᾽ αὐτὸν ἐπιπαρώξυνεν ἸωνάθηςJonathan καὶ διέθηκεν οὕτως ,
²⁹⁵ At this gentle sentence, Hyrcanus was very angry, and thought that this man reproached him by their approbation. It was this Jonathan who chiefly irritated him, and influenced him so far,	²⁹⁵ Hyrcanus was infuriated by this gentle sentence, and thought that the man had blasphemed him with their approval. It was this Jonathan who stirred him up and influenced him so much
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²⁹⁶ ὥστε τῇ ΣαδδουκαίωνSadducees ἐποίησεν προσθέσθαι μοίρᾳ τῶν ΦαρισαίωνPharisees ἀποστάντα καὶ τά τε ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν κατασταθέντα νόμιμα τῷ δήμῳ καταλῦσαι καὶ τοὺς φυλάττοντας αὐτὰ κολάσαι . μῖσος οὖν ἐντεῦθεν αὐτῷ τε καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς παρὰ τοῦ πλήθους ἐγένετο .
²⁹⁶ that he made him leave the party of the Pharisees, and abolish the decrees they had imposed on the people, and to punish those that observed them. From this source arose that hatred which he and his sons met with from the multitude:	²⁹⁶ that he got him to join the Sadducees and leave the Pharisee party and abolish the decrees they had imposed on the people, and to punish those who observed them. This was the source of the people's hatred for him and his sons, of which we shall later speak.
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²⁹⁷ περὶ μέντοι τούτων αὖθις ἐροῦμεν . νῦν δὲ δηλῶσαι βούλομαι , ὅτι νόμιμά τινα παρέδοσαν τῷ δήμῳ οἱ ΦαρισαῖοιPharisees ἐκ πατέρων διαδοχῆς , ἅπερ οὐκ ἀναγέγραπται ἐν τοῖς ΜωυσέωςMoses νόμοις , καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ταῦτα τὸ ΣαδδουκαίωνSadducees γένος ἐκβάλλει , λέγον ἐκεῖνα δεῖν ἡγεῖσθαι νόμιμα τὰ γεγραμμένα , τὰ δ᾽ ἐκ παραδόσεως τῶν πατέρων μὴ τηρεῖν .
²⁹⁷ but of these matters we shall speak hereafter. What I would now explain is this, that the Pharisees have delivered to the people a great many observances by succession from their fathers, which are not written in the laws of Moses; and for that reason it is that the Sadducees reject them, and say that we are to esteem those observances to be obligatory which are in the written word, but are not to observe what are derived from the tradition of our forefathers.	²⁹⁷ I now want to explain how the Pharisees have passed on to the people many traditional observances which are not written in the Mosaic Laws, and why the Sadducees reject them, saying that we should treat as obligatory those observances which are in the written word, but not to observe what derives from the tradition of our ancestors.
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²⁹⁸ καὶ περὶ τούτων ζητήσεις αὐτοῖς καὶ διαφορὰς γίνεσθαι συνέβαινεν μεγάλας , τῶν μὲν ΣαδδουκαίωνSadducees τοὺς εὐπόρους μόνον πειθόντων τὸ δὲ δημοτικὸν οὐχ ἑπόμενον αὐτοῖς ἐχόντων , τῶν δὲ ΦαρισαίωνPharisees τὸ πλῆθος σύμμαχον ἐχόντων . ἀλλὰ περὶ μὲν τούτων τῶν δύο καὶ τῶν ἘσσηνῶνEssenes ἐν τῇ δευτέρᾳ μου τῶν ἸουδαικῶνJewish ἀκριβῶς δεδήλωται .
²⁹⁸ And concerning these things it is that great disputes and differences have arisen among them, while the Sadducees are able to persuade none but the rich, and have not the populace obsequious to them, but the Pharisees have the multitude on their side. But about these two sects, and that of the Essenes, I have treated accurately in the second book of Jewish affairs.	²⁹⁸ About these matters great disputes and differences have arisen, and while the Sadducees can persuade none but the rich and the people do not listen to them, the Pharisees have the people on their side. I have spoken in detail of these two sects and that of the Essenes, in my second book on Jewish matters.
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²⁹⁹ ὙρκανὸςHyrcanus δὲ παύσας τὴν‎ στάσιν καὶ μετ᾽ αὐτὴν βιώσας εὐδαιμόνως καὶ τὴν‎ ἀρχὴν διοικησάμενος ἄριστον τρόπον ἔτεσιν ἑνὶ καὶ τριάκοντα τελευτᾷ καταλιπὼν υἱοὺς πέντε , τριῶν τῶν μεγίστων ἄξιος ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ κριθείς , ἀρχῆς τοῦ ἔθνους καὶ τῆς ἀρχιερατικῆς τιμῆς καὶ προφητείας ·
²⁹⁹ But when Hyrcanus had put an end to this sedition, he after that lived happily, and administered the government in the best manner for thirty-one years, and then died, leaving behind him five sons. He was esteemed by God worthy of the three privileges,—the government of his nation, the dignity of the high priesthood, and prophecy;	²⁹⁹ After Hyrcanus had put down this rebellion, he lived happily and ruled very well for thirty-one years and then died, leaving five sons behind him. God saw him as deserving three of the greatest privileges, the government of his nation, the dignity of the high priesthood and prophecy.
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³⁰⁰ συνῆν γὰρ αὐτῷ τὸ θεῖον καὶ τὴν‎ τῶν μελλόντων πρόγνωσιν παρεῖχεν αὐτῷ τε εἰδέναι καὶ προλέγειν οὕτως , ὥστε καὶ περὶ τῶν δύο τῶν πρεσβυτέρων παίδων ὅτι μὴ μενοῦσιν τῶν πραγμάτων κύριοι προεῖπεν . ὧν τὴν‎ καταστροφὴν εἰς τὸ μαθεῖν ὅσον τῆς τοῦ πατρὸς ὑπέβησαν εὐτυχίας ἄξιον ἀφηγήσασθαι .
³⁰⁰ for God was with him, and enabled him to know futurities; and to foretell this in particular, that, as to his two eldest sons, he foretold that they would not long continue in the government of public affairs; whose unhappy catastrophe will be worth our description, that we may thence learn how very much they were inferior to their father’s happiness.	³⁰⁰ God was indeed with him, enabling him to know future events, and in particular, he foretold that his two eldest sons would not long continue to govern public affairs, and their unhappy fate is worth describing, that we may learn how much less well they did than their father.
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Chapter 11
[301-319]
Aristobulus is cruel toward his mother and his brothers;
kills Antigonus and dies in his turn.

☜ ☞

³⁰¹ τελευτήσαντος γὰρ αὐτοῖς τοῦ πατρὸς ὁ πρεσβύτατος ἈριστόβουλοςAristobulus τὴν‎ ἀρχὴν εἰς βασιλείαν μεταθεῖναι δόξας , ἔκρινεν γὰρ οὕτω , διάδημα πρῶτος ἐπιτίθεται μετὰ τετρακοσίων ἀριθμὸν ἐτῶν καὶ ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ ἑνὸς καὶ μηνῶν τριῶν ἀφ᾽ οὗ τῆς ὑπὸ ΒαβυλωνίοιςBabylonians δουλείας ἀπαλλαγεὶς ὁ λαὸς εἰς τὴν‎ οἰκείαν κατῆλθεν .
³⁰¹ Now when their father Hyrcanus was dead, the eldest son Aristobulus, intending to change the government into a kingdom, for so he resolved to do, first of all put a diadem on his head, four hundred eighty and one years and three months after the people had been delivered from the Babylonish slavery, and were returned to their own country again.	³⁰¹ When their father Hyrcanus died, the eldest son Aristobulus, in order to change the government into a monarchy, which was his intention, first put a crown on his head, four hundred and eighty-one years and three months after the people had been saved from the Babylonian slavery and had returned to their own country.
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³⁰² στέργων δὲ τῶν ἀδελφῶν τὸν μετ᾽ αὐτὸν ἈντίγονονAntignus τοῦτον μὲν τῶν ὁμοίων ἠξίου , τοὺς δὲ ἄλλους εἶχεν ἐν δεσμοῖς . εἶρξε δὲ καὶ τὴν‎ μητέρα περὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς αὐτῷ διενεχθεῖσαν , ἐκείνην γὰρ ὙρκανὸςHyrcanus τῶν ὅλων κυρίαν καταλείπει , καὶ μέχρι τοσαύτης ὠμότητος προῆλθεν , ὥστ᾽ αὐτὴν καὶ λιμῷ διέφθειρεν δεδεμένην .
³⁰² This Aristobulus loved his next brother Antigonus, and treated him as his equal; but the others he held in bonds. He also cast his mother into prison, because she disputed the government with him; for Hyrcanus had left her to be mistress of all. He also proceeded to that degree of barbarity, as to kill her in prison with hunger;	³⁰² He loved his next brother Antigonus and treated him as his equal, but kept the others in chains. He also imprisoned his mother, whom Hyrcanus had left in charge of everything, and because she disputed the leadership with him he was so barbarous as to leave her in chains, to starve to death.
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³⁰³ προστίθησιν δὲ τῇ μητρὶ καὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἈντίγονονAntignus , ὃν στέργειν ἐδόκει μάλιστα καὶ κοινωνὸν εἶχεν τῆς βασιλείας , ἐκ διαβολῶν ἀπαλλοτριωθεὶς πρὸς αὐτόν , αἷς τὸ μὲν πρῶτον οὐκ ἐπίστευεν , τὰ μὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ φιλεῖν αὐτὸν οὐ προσέχων τοῖς λεγομένοις , τὰ δὲ καὶ φθονούμενον ἡγούμενος διαβάλλεσθαι .
³⁰³ nay, he was alienated from his brother Antigonus by calumnies, and added him to the rest whom he slew; yet he seemed to have an affection for him, and made him above the rest a partner with him in the kingdom. Those calumnies he at first did not give credit to, partly because he loved him, and so did not give heed to what was said against him, and partly because he thought the reproaches were derived from the envy of the relaters.	³⁰³ To this he added the death of his brother Antigonus whom at first he seemed to especially love and had shared the kingship with him, but then he was alienated from him through accusations which at first he did not believe, partly because of his love for him and partly since he considered that they arose from envy.
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³⁰⁴ τοῦ δὲ ἈντιγόνουAntigonus ποτὲ λαμπρῶς ἀπὸ στρατείας ἐπανελθόντος καὶ τῆς ἑορτῆς , καθ᾽ ἣν σκηνοπηγοῦσιν τῷ θεῷ , κατ᾽ ἐκεῖνον τὸν καιρὸν Ἐνστάσης , ἔτυχεν τὸν μὲν ἈριστόβουλονAristobulus εἰς νόσον καταπεσεῖν , τὸν δὲ ἈντίγονονAntignus ἐπιτελοῦντα τὴν‎ ἑορτὴν ἀναβῆναι λαμπρῶς σφόδρα κεκοσμημένον μετὰ τῶν περὶ αὐτὸν ὁπλιτῶν εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν καὶ τὰ πλείω περὶ τῆς σωτηρίας τἀδελφοῦ εὔχεσθαι ,
³⁰⁴ But when Antigonus was once returned from the army, and that feast was then at hand when they make tabernacles to [the honor of God,] it happened that Arlstobulus was fallen sick, and that Antigonus went up most splendidly adorned, and with his soldiers about him in their armor, to the temple to celebrate the feast, and to put up many prayers for the recovery of his brother,	³⁰⁴ But once when Antigonus was returning from a campaign and the festival was near when they honour God by living in tents, Aristobulus happened to fall sick just when Antigonus, splendidly adorned and surrounded by his armed men, was going up to the temple to celebrate the feast and to pray especially for the recovery of his brother.
³⁰⁴ Barach

³⁰⁵ τοὺς δὲ πονηροὺς καὶ διαστῆσαι τὴν‎ ὁμόνοιαν αὐτῶν ἐσπουδακότας ἀφορμῇ χρησαμένους τῇ τε περὶ τὴν‎ πομπὴν τοῦ ἈντιγόνουAntigonus φιλοτιμίαι καὶ τοῖς ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ κατωρθωμένοις ἐλθεῖν πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα καὶ κακοήθως ἐπὶ τὸ μεῖζον ἐξαίρειν τὰ περὶ τὴν‎ πομπὴν τὴν‎ ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ ,
³⁰⁵ when some wicked persons, who had a great mind to raise a difference between the brethren, made use of this opportunity of the pompous appearance of Antigonus, and of the great actions which he had done, and went to the king, and spitefully aggravated the pompous show of his at the feast,	³⁰⁵ Some wicked people, wanting to provoke conflict between the brothers, used the pretext of the royal appearance of Antigonus and the great exploits he had done and going to the king they spitefully exaggerated his pompous display at the festival and
³⁰⁵ Barach

³⁰⁶ καὶ ὡς οὐ κατ᾽ ἰδιώτην ἕκαστον ἦν τῶν γινομένων , ἀλλὰ φρονήματος ἔνδειξιν ἔχειν βασιλικοῦ τὰ πραττόμενα , καὶ ὡς κτείνειν αὐτὸν μέλλοι μετὰ στίφους ἐληλυθὼς καρτεροῦ , λογιζόμενον εὐήθως αὐτὸν βασιλεύειν ἐνὸν τιμῆς μεταλαμβάνοντα δοκεῖν μεγάλων τυγχάνειν .
³⁰⁶ and pretended that all these circumstances were not like those of a private person; that these actions were indications of an affectation of royal authority; and that his coming with a strong body of men must be with an intention to kill him; and that his way of reasoning was this: That it was a silly thing in him, while it was in his power to reign himself, to look upon it as a great favor that he was honored with a lower dignity by his brother.	³⁰⁶ asserted that his actions were not like those of a private person, but were indications that he aspired to royal authority, and his bringing a strong troop meant he had come to kill him, thinking how easily he could reign alone rather than regard it as a favour to be granted some share in that dignity.
³⁰⁶ Barach

³⁰⁷ ἈριστόβουλοςAristobulus δὲ τούτοις ἄκων πειθόμενος καὶ τοῦ ἀνύποπτος εἶναι τἀδελφῷ προνοῶν καὶ τῆς ἀσφαλείας ἅμα φροντίζων , διίστησι τοὺς σωματοφύλακαςbodyguard ἔν τινι τῶν ὑπογείων ἀφωτίστῳ , κατέκειτο δὲ ἐν τῇ βάρει μετονομασθείσῃ δὲ ἈντωνίαιAntonia , καὶ προσέταξεν ἀνόπλου μὲν ἅπτεσθαι μηδένα , κτείνειν δὲ τὸν ἈντίγονονAntignus , ἂν ὡπλισμένος πρὸς αὐτὸν εἰσίῃ .
³⁰⁷ Aristobulus yielded to these imputations, but took care both that his brother should not suspect him, and that he himself might not run the hazard of his own safety; so he ordered his guards to lie in a certain place that was under ground, and dark; (he himself then lying sick in the tower which was called Antonia;) and he commanded them, that in case Antigonus came in to him unarmed, they should not touch any body, but if armed, they should kill him;	³⁰⁷ Aristobulus was unwillingly persuaded by this, but took care that his brother had no suspicion of it, and while he lay sick in the tower called Antonia, to ensure his own safety he ordered his bodyguards to hide in a dark, underground place with orders to touch no one if Antigonus came in to him unarmed, but if he came armed, to kill him.
³⁰⁷ Barach

³⁰⁸ πέμπει μέντοι πρὸς ἈντίγονονAntignus αὐτὸς ἄνοπλον αὐτὸν ἀξιῶν ἥκειν . ἡ δὲ βασίλισσα καὶ οἱ συνεπιβουλεύοντες αὐτῇ κατ᾽ ἈντιγόνουAntigonus πείθουσι τὸν πεμφθέντα τἀναντία λέγειν , ὡς ὁ ἀδελφὸς ἀκούσας , ὅτι κατασκευάσειεν ὅπλα καὶ κόσμον πολεμικόν , παραγίνεσθαι πρὸς αὐτὸν παρακαλεῖ ὡπλισμένον , ὅπως ἴδοι τὴν‎ κατασκευήν .
³⁰⁸ yet did he send to Antigonus, and desired that he would come unarmed; but the queen, and those that joined with her in the plot against Antigonus, persuaded the messenger to tell him the direct contrary: how his brother had heard that he had made himself a fine suit of armor for war, and desired him to come to him in that armor, that he might see how fine it was.	³⁰⁸ Then he sent to Antigonus asking him to visit him unarmed, but the queen and her fellow plotters against Antigonus persuaded the messenger to tell him the opposite, how his brother had heard of the fine suit of armour he had gotten made himself and wished him to come to him armed, so as to get a look at it.
³⁰⁸ Barach

³⁰⁹ ὁ δ᾽ ἈντίγονοςAntigonus μηδὲν ὑπιδόμενος κακοῦργον , ἀλλὰ θαρρῶν τῇ παρὰ τἀδελφοῦ διαθέσει , ὡς εἶχεν ἐνδεδυμένος τὴν‎ πανοπλίαν παρεγένετο πρὸς τὸν ἈριστόβουλονAristobulus ἐπιδείξων αὐτῷ τὰ ὅπλα . γενόμενον δ᾽ αὐτὸν κατὰ τὸν ΣτράτωνοςStrato λεγόμενον πύργον , οὗ συνέβαινεν ἀφώτιστον εἶναι σφόδρα τὴν‎ πάροδον , ἀποκτείνουσιν οἱ σωματοφύλακες .
³⁰⁹ So Antigonus suspecting no treachery, but depending on the good-will of his brother, came to Aristobulus armed, as he used to be, with his entire armor, in order to show it to him; but when he was come to a place which was called Strato’s Tower, where the passage happened to be exceeding dark, the guards slew him;	³⁰⁹ Suspecting no treachery, and confident of his brother's goodwill, Antigonus came in to Aristobulus dressed as usual in full armour, to show it to him, but when he reached the place called Strato's Tower, where the passageway happened to be completely unlit, the bodyguards killed him.
³⁰⁹ Barach

³¹⁰ διέδειξέν γε μὴν ὁ τούτου θάνατος , ὅτι μηδὲν μήτε φθόνου μήτε διαβολῆς ἰσχυρότερον , μηδ᾽ ὅ τι μᾶλλον εὔνοιαν καὶ φυσικὴν οἰκειότητα διίστησιν , ἢ ταῦτα τὰ πάθη .
³¹⁰ which death of his demonstrates that nothing is stronger than envy and calumny, and that nothing does more certainly divide the good-will and natural affections of men than those passions.	³¹⁰ His death demonstrates that nothing can hold out against envy and calumny and that nothing ruins people's goodwill and natural feelings more surely than those passions.
³¹⁰ Barach

³¹¹ μάλιστα δ᾽ ἄν τις θαυμάσειεν καὶ ἸούδανJudas τινά , Ἐσσηνὸν μὲν τὸ γένος , οὐδέποτε δ᾽ ἐν οἷς προεῖπεν διαψευσάμενον τἀληθές · οὗτος γὰρ ἰδὼν τὸν ἈντίγονονAntignus παριόντα τὸ ἱερὸν ἀνεβόησεν ἐν τοῖς ἑταίροις αὐτοῦ‎ καὶ γνωρίμοις , οἳ διδασκαλίας ἕνεκα τοῦ προλέγειν τὰ μέλλοντα παρέμενον ,
³¹¹ But here one may take occasion to wonder at one Judas, who was of the sect of the Essenes, and who never missed the truth in his predictions; for this man, when he saw Antigonus passing by the temple, cried out to his companions and friends, who abode with him as his scholars, in order to learn the art of foretelling things to come?	³¹¹ One may also take this occasion to admire a man called Judas, of the sect of the Essenes, who in his predictions never failed to utter the truth. Seeing Antigonus passing by the temple, this man called out to his companions and friends who lived with him as his scholars in order to learn the art of foretelling the future, that it was now time for him to die, since he had spoken falsely about Antigonus, who was still alive.
³¹¹ Barach

³¹² ὡς ἀποθανεῖν αὐτῷ καλὸν διεψευσμένῳ ζῶντος ἈντιγόνουAntigonus , ὃν σήμερον τεθνήξεσθαι προειπὼνto predict ἐν τῷ καλουμένῳ ΣτράτωνοςStrato πύργῳ περιόντα ὁρᾷ , καὶ τοῦ μὲν χωρίου περὶ σταδίους ἀπέχοντος νῦν ἑξακοσίους , ὅπου φονευθήσεσθαι προεῖπεν αὐτόν , τῆς δ᾽ ἡμέρας ἤδη τὸ πλεῖστον ἠνυσμένον , ὥστ᾽ αὐτῷ κινδυνεύειν τὸ μάντευμα ψεῦδος εἶναι .
³¹² “That it was good for him to die now, since he had spoken falsely about Antigonus, who is still alive, and I see him passing by, although he had foretold that he should die at the place called Strato’s Tower that very day, while yet the place is six hundred furlongs off, where he had foretold he should be slain; and still this day is a great part of it already past, so that he was in danger of proving a false prophet.”	³¹² Although he had foretold the man would die that very day at the place called Strato's Tower, he had just seen him pass by, but as the place where he foretold he would be murdered was six hundred furlongs away and most of the day was over, it seemed that his prediction was false.
³¹² Barach

³¹³ ταῦτ᾽ οὖν λέγοντος αὐτοῦ‎ καὶ κατηφοῦντος ἀγγέλλεται τεθνεὼς ἈντίγονοςAntigonus ἐν τῷ ὑπογείῳ , ὃ καὶ αὐτὸ ΣτράτωνοςStrato ἐκαλεῖτο πύργος , ὁμώνυμον τῇ παραλίῳ ΚαισαρείᾳCaesarea . τὸν μὲν οὖν μάντιν τοῦτο διετάραξεν .
³¹³ As he was saying this, and that in a melancholy mood, the news came that Antigonus was slain in a place under ground, which itself was called also Strato’s Tower, or of the same name with that Caesarea which is seated at the sea. This event put the prophet into a great disorder.	³¹³ As he was quietly saying this the news came that Antigonus had been killed in an underground place, which was also called Strato's Tower, a name shared with Caesarea on the Sea, which put the seer into some confusion.
³¹³ Barach

³¹⁴ ἈριστόβουλονAristobulus δὲ τῆς ἀδελφοκτονίας εὐθὺς εἰσῆλθεν μετάνοια καὶ νόσος ἐπ᾽ αὐτῇ τῆς διανοίας ὑπὸ τοῦ μύσους κεκακωμένης , ὡς διαφθαρέντων αὐτῷ ὑπὸ ἀκράτου τῆς ὀδύνης τῶν ἐντὸς αἷμα ἀναφέρειν . ὃ τῶν διακονουμένων τις παίδων κατὰ δαιμόνιον οἶμαι πρόνοιαν εἰς τὸν αὐτὸν τόπον , οὗ σφαγέντος ἈντιγόνουAntigonus σπίλους ἔτι τοῦ αἵματος ἐκείνου συνέβαινεν εἶναι , κομίζων ὀλισθὼν ἐξέχεεν .
³¹⁴ But Aristobulus repented immediately of this slaughter of his brother; on which account his disease increased upon him, and he was disturbed in his mind, upon the guilt of such wickedness, insomuch that his entrails were corrupted by his intolerable pain, and he vomited blood: at which time one of the servants that attended upon him, and was carrying his blood away, did, by Divine Providence, as I cannot but suppose, slip down, and shed part of his blood at the very place where there were spots of Antigonus’s blood, there slain, still remaining;	³¹⁴ Immediately Aristobulus felt repentant for his fratricide, and was sick with it, and his crime worsened his mental state so that his innards were destroyed with intolerable pain and he vomited blood. Meanwhile one of his servants attending to him slipped and fell, due to a demon I suppose, and shed some blood at the very place where some spots of Antigonus' blood still remained where he had been killed.
³¹⁴ Barach

³¹⁵ γενομένης δὲ βοῆς παρὰ τῶν ἰδόντων ὡς τοῦ παιδὸς ἐξεπίτηδες ἐκχέαντος ἐκεῖ τὸ αἷμα , ἀκούσας ἈριστόβουλοςAristobulus τὴν‎ αἰτίαν ἐπύθετοto ask, inquire , καὶ μὴ λεγόντων ἔτι μᾶλλον ἐπετείνετο μαθεῖν , φύσει τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὑπονοούντων ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις εἶναι χείρονα τὰ σιγώμενα .
³¹⁵ and when there was a cry made by the spectators, as if the servant had on purpose shed the blood on that place, Aristobulus heard it, and inquired what the matter was; and as they did not answer him, he was the more earnest to know what it was, it being natural to men to suspect that what is thus concealed is very bad:	³¹⁵ When the onlookers shouted out as though the servant had purposely shed the blood on that place, Aristobulus heard it and inquired about the reason, and when they did not answer him was all the keener to know what it was, since it is natural to humans to suspect that anything so concealed must be very bad.
³¹⁵ Barach

³¹⁶ ὡς δ᾽ ἀπειλοῦντος καὶ βιαζομένου τοῖς φόβοις τἀληθὲς εἶπον , προχεῖται μὲν αὐτῷ πληγέντι τὴν‎ διάνοιαν ὑπὸ τοῦ συνειδότος πολλὰ δάκρυα , βύθιον δὲ ἀνοιμώξας , " οὐκ ἄρ᾽then, so then , εἶπεν , λήσειν ἐπ᾽ ἀσεβέσιν οὕτω καὶ μιαροῖς τολμήμασιan adventure, enterprise τὸν θεὸν ἔμελλον , ἀλλά με ταχεῖα ποινὴ συγγενοῦς φόνου μετελήλυθεν.
³¹⁶ so upon his threatening, and forcing them by terrors to speak, they at length told him the truth; whereupon he shed many tears, in that disorder of mind which arose from his consciousness of what he had done, and gave a deep groan, and said, “I am not therefore, I perceive, to be concealed from God, in the impious and horrid crimes I have been guilty of; but a sudden punishment is coming upon me for the shedding of the blood of my relations.	³¹⁶ As he forced the truth out them by threats and by fear, the awareness of what he had done deranged his mind and caused him to shed floods of tears. With a deep groan he said, "I see that God will not ignore such an impious outrage as the murder of my kinsman, for the punishment is suddenly coming upon me.
³¹⁶ Barach

³¹⁷ καὶ μέχρι τίνος , ὦ σῶμα ἀναιδέστατον , ψυχὴν ὀφειλομένην ἀδελφοῦ καὶ μητρὸς καθέξεις δαίμοσιν ; τί δ᾽ οὐκ ἀθρόαν αὐτὴν ταύτην ἀποδίδως , κατὰ μέρος δ᾽ ἐπισπένδω τοὐμὸν αἷμα τοῖς μιαιφονηθεῖσιν ;"
³¹⁷ And now, O thou most impudent body of mine, how long wilt thou retain a soul that ought to die, in order to appease the ghosts of my brother and my mother? Why dost thou not give it all up at once? And why do I deliver up my blood drop by drop to those whom I have so wickedly murdered?” In saying which last words he died, having reigned a year.	³¹⁷ How long, shameless body, will you cling to soul responsible for the shades of my brother and my mother? Why not give it up at once? Must I pour out my blood drop by drop to the ones I have slaughtered?"
³¹⁷ Barach

³¹⁸ ταῦτ᾽ εἰπὼν ἐπαποθνήσκει τοῖς λόγοις βασιλεύσας ἐνιαυτόν , χρηματίσας μὲν Φιλέλληνfriendly to the Greeks, πολλὰ δ᾽ εὐεργετήσας τὴν‎ πατρίδα , πολεμήσας Ἰτουραίους καὶ πολλὴν αὐτῶν τῆς χώρας τῇ ἸουδαίᾳJudea προσκτησάμενος ἀναγκάσας τε τοὺς ἐνοικοῦντας , εἰ βούλονται μένειν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ , περιτέμνεσθαι καὶ κατὰ τοὺς ἸουδαίωνJews νόμους ζῆν .
³¹⁸ He was called a lover of the Grecians; and had conferred many benefits on his own country, and made war against Iturea, and added a great part of it to Judea, and compelled the inhabitants, if they would continue in that country, to be circumcised, and to live according to the Jewish laws.	³¹⁸ With these words he died, after reigning for a year. He had been friendly toward the Greeks, and done much good for his country and made war on Iturea and added most of it to Judea and made the inhabitants, if they wished to continue living in the land, to be circumcised and live by the Jewish laws.
³¹⁸ Barach

³¹⁹ φύσει δ᾽ ἐπιεικεῖ κέχρητο καὶ σφόδρα ἦν αἰδοῦς ἥττων , ὡς μαρτυρεῖ τούτῳ καὶ ΣτράβωνStrabo ἐκ τοῦ Τιμαγένους ὀνόματος λέγων οὕτως · " ἐπιεικής τε ἐγένετο οὗτος ὁ ἀνὴρ καὶ πολλὰ τοῖς ἸουδαίοιςJews χρήσιμος · χώραν τε γὰρ αὐτοῖς προσεκτήσατο καὶ τὸ μέρος τοῦ τῶν Ἰτουραίων ἔθνους ᾠκειώσατο δεσμῷ συνάψας τῇ τῶν αἰδοίων περιτομῇ ."
³¹⁹ He was naturally a man of candor, and of great modesty, as Strabo bears witness, in the name of Timagenes; who says thus: “This man was a person of candor, and very serviceable to the Jews; for he added a country to them, and obtained a part of the nation of the Itureans for them, and bound them to them by the bond of the circumcision of their genitals.”	³¹⁹ By nature he was a fair man and much overcome by shame, as Strabo bears witness when, with Timagenes as his source he says, "This was a fair man who did many services for the Jews, adding a country to them and winning for them part of the Iturean nation whom he bound to them by the bond of the circumcision of their genitals."
³¹⁹ Barach

Chapter 12
[320-347]
The new king, Alexander, besieges Ptolemais
and earns Ptolemy's hatred by intrigue with Cleopatra

☜ ☞

³²⁰ τελευτήσαντος δὲ ἈριστοβούλουAristobulus Σαλίνα ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ‎ , λεγομένη δὲ ὑπὸ ἙλλήνωνGreeks ἈλεξάνδραAlexandra , λύσασα τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ‎ , δεδεμένους γὰρ αὐτοὺς εἶχεν ἈριστόβουλοςAristobulus , ὡς προειρήκαμεν , Ἰαναῖον τὸν καὶ ἈλέξανδρονAlexander βασιλέα καθίστησιν τὸν καὶ καθ᾽ ἡλικίαν προύχοντα καὶ μετριότητα ,
³²⁰ When Aristobulus was dead, his wife Salome, who, by the Greeks, was called Alexandra, let his brethren out of prison, (for Aristobulus had kept them in bonds, as we have said already,) and made Alexander Janneus king, who was the superior in age and in moderation.	³²⁰ When Aristobulus died, his wife Salina, surnamed Alexandra by the Greeks, set his brothers free, for as we have already said Aristobulus had kept them in chains, and appointed as king Alexander Janneus, who was both older and wiser.
³²⁰ Barach

³²¹ ᾧ καὶ συνέβη γεννηθέντι εὐθὺς μισηθῆναι ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ μέχρι τῆς τελευτῆς αὐτοῦ‎ μηκέτι εἰς ὄψιν ἀφικέσθαι . τὸ δ᾽ αἴτιον τοῦ μίσους τοιόνδε λέγεται γενέσθαι ·
³²¹ This child happened to be hated by his father as soon as he was born, and could never be permitted to come into his father’s sight till he died. The occasion of which hatred is thus reported:	³²¹ This man had been hated by his father as soon as he was born and was never allowed into his father's sight until his death, and the cause of this hatred is said to be as follows:
³²¹ Barach

³²² στέργων μάλιστα τῶν παίδων ὙρκανὸςHyrcanus τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους ἈντίγονονAntignus καὶ ἈριστόβουλονAristobulus φανέντα κατὰ τοὺς ὕπνους αὐτῷ τὸν θεὸν ἐπηρώτα , τίς αὐτοῦ‎ τῶν παίδων μέλλει ἔσεσθαι διάδοχος . τοῦ δὲ θεοῦ τοὺς τούτου χαρακτῆρας δείξαντος , λυπηθεὶς ὅτι τῶν ἀγαθῶν αὐτοῦ‎ πάντων οὗτος ἔσται‎ κληρονόμος , γενόμενον εἴασεν ἐν τῇ ΓαλιλαίᾳGalilee τρέφεσθαι . ὁ μέντοι θεὸς οὐ διεψεύσατο τὸν ὙρκανόνHyrcanus .
³²² when Hyrcanus chiefly loved the two eldest of his sons, Antigonus and Aristobutus, God appeared to him in his sleep, of whom he inquired which of his sons should be his successor. Upon God’s representing to him the countenance of Alexander, he was grieved that he was to be the heir of all his goods, and suffered him to be brought up in Galilee However, God did not deceive Hyrcanus;	³²² As Hyrcanus gave his love mainly to the his two eldest sons, Antigonus and Aristobulus, he asked God who appeared to him in his sleep which of his sons would be his successor. When God showed him the other one’s face [Alexander's], he was grieved that he was to inherit all his property and sent him to be brought up in Galilee But had not lied to Hyrcanus,
³²² Barach

³²³ τὴν‎ δὲ βασιλείαν μετὰ τὴν‎ ἈριστοβούλουAristobulus τελευτὴν οὗτος παραλαβὼν τὸν μὲν τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἐπιχειροῦντα τῇ βασιλείᾳ διεχρήσατο , τὸν δ᾽ ἕτερον ἀπραγμόνως ζῆν προαιρούμενονto bring forth εἶχεν ἐν τιμῇ .
³²³ for after the death of Aristobulus, he certainly took the kingdom; and one of his brethren, who affected the kingdom, he slew; and the other, who chose to live a private and quiet life, he had in esteem.	³²³ for after the death of Aristobulus, he did take over the kingdom, and did away with one of his brothers who aspired to the kingdom while honouring the other, who preferred to live an inactive life.
³²³ Barach

³²⁴ καταστησάμενος δὲ τὴν‎ ἀρχὴν ὃν ᾤετο συμφέρειν αὐτῷ τρόπον στρατεύει ἐπὶ ΠτολεμαίδαPtolemais , τῇ δὲ μάχῃ κρατήσας ἐνέκλεισε τοὺς ἀνθρώπους εἰς τὴν‎ πόλιν καὶ περικαθίσας αὐτοὺς ἐπολιόρκει . τῶν γὰρ ἐν τῇ παραλίᾳ Πτολεμαὶς αὐτῷ καὶ ΓάζαGaza μόναι χειρωθῆναι ὑπελείποντο , καὶ Ζώιλος δὲ ὁ κατασχὼν τὸν ΣτράτωνοςStrato πύργον τύραννος καὶ Δῶρα .
³²⁴ When Alexander Janneus had settled the government in the manner that he judged best, he made an expedition against Ptolemais; and having overcome the men in battle, he shut them up in the city, and sat round about it, and besieged it; for of the maritime cities there remained only Ptolemais and Gaza to be conquered, besides Strato’s Tower and Dora, which were held by the tyrant Zoilus.	³²⁴ When Alexander Janneus had settled the government as he judged best, he marched against Ptolemais, and having won the battle, confined the people within the city and laid siege to them. Of the maritime cities there remained to be taken only Ptolemais and Gaza, Strato's Tower and Dora, which were held by the tyrant Zoilus.
³²⁴ Barach

³²⁵ τοῦ δὲ ΦιλομήτοροςPhilometer ἈντιόχουAntiochus καὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ‎ ἈντιόχουAntiochus , ὃς ἐπεκαλεῖτο Κυζικηνός , πολεμούντων ἀλλήλους καὶ τὴν‎ αὐτῶν δύναμιν ἀπολλύντων ἦν οὐδεμία τοῖς Πτολεμαεῦσιν βοήθεια παρ᾽ αὐτῶν .
³²⁵ Now while Antiochus Philometor, and Antiochus who was called Cyzicenus, were making war one against another, and destroying one another’s armies, the people of Ptolemais could have no assistance from them;	³²⁵ While Antiochus Philometor and his brother Antiochus, surnamed Cyzicenus, were warring with each other and destroying each other's forces, there was no help for the Ptolemaians from them.
³²⁵ Barach

³²⁶ ἀλλὰ πονουμένοις τῇ πολιορκίᾳ Ζώιλος ὁ τὸν ΣτράτωνοςStrato πύργον κατεσχηκὼς [παρῆν ] καὶ τὰ Δῶρα σύνταγμα τρέφων στρατιωτικὸν καὶ τυραννίδι ἐπιχειρῶν διὰ τὴν‎ τῶν βασιλέων πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἅμιλλαν μικρὰ τοῖς Πτολεμαιεῦσι παρεβοήθει ·
³²⁶ but when they were distressed with this siege, Zoilus, who possessed Strato’s Tower and Dora, and maintained a legion of soldiers, and, on occasion of the contest between the kings, affected tyranny himself, came and brought some small assistance to the people of Ptolemais;	³²⁶ When they were hard pressed by the siege, Zoilus, who held Strato's Tower and Dora and maintained a legion of soldiers, and, because of the kings were quarrelling with each other, became tyrant himself, came with a small force to help the Ptolemaians.
³²⁶ Barach

³²⁷ οὐδὲ γὰρ οἱ βασιλεῖς οὕτως εἶχον οἰκείως πρὸς αὐτούς , ὥστ᾽ ἐλπίσαι τινὰ παρ᾽ αὐτῶν ὠφέλειαν . ἑκάτεροι γὰρ ταὐτὸν τοῖς ἀθληταῖς ἔπασχον , οἳ τῇ δυνάμει μὲν ἀπηγορευκότες αἰσχυνόμενοι δὲ παραχωρῆσαι διετέλουν ἀργίᾳ καὶ ἀναπαύσει διαφέροντες τὸν ἀγῶνα .
³²⁷ nor indeed had the kings such a friendship for them, as that they should hope for any advantage from them. Both those kings were in the case of wrestlers, who finding themselves deficient in strength, and yet being ashamed to yield, put off the fight by laziness, and by lying still as long as they can.	³²⁷ Neither of the kings showed them such favour that they could hope for any help from them; indeed they were both like wrestlers, who finding themselves exhausted but ashamed to yield, postpone the fight by inactivity and simply keep still.
³²⁷ Barach

³²⁸ λοιπὴ δ᾽ αὐτοῖς ἐλπὶς ἦν ἡ παρὰ τῶν ΑἰγύπτουEgypt βασιλέων καὶ τοῦ ΚύπρονCyprus ἔχοντος ΠτολεμαίουPtolemy τοῦ Λαθούρου , ὃς ὑπὸ τῆς μητρὸς ΚλεοπάτραςCleopatra τῆς ἀρχῆς ἐκπεσὼν εἰς ΚύπρονCyprus παρεγένετο . πέμψαντες οὖν πρὸς τοῦτον οἱ Πτολεμαιεῖς παρεκάλουν ἐλθόντα σύμμαχον ἐκ τῶν ἈλεξάνδρουAlexander χειρῶν αὐτοὺς ῥύσασθαι κινδυνεύοντας .
³²⁸ The only hope they had remaining was from the kings of Egypt, and from Ptolemy Lathyrus, who now held Cyprus, and who came to Cyprus when he was driven from the government of Egypt by Cleopatra his mother. So the people of Ptolemais sent to this Ptolemy Lathyrus, and desired him to come as a confederate, to deliver them, now they were in such danger, out of the hands of Alexander.	³²⁸ The only remaining hope was from the kings of Egypt and Ptolemy Lathyrus, who now held Cyprus where he had gone when driven from power by his mother Cleopatra. The Ptolemaians sent this message to Ptolemy, asking him to come as an ally and save them from danger at the hands of Alexander.
³²⁸ Barach

³²⁹ ἐπελπισάντων δ᾽ αὐτὸν τῶν πρέσβεων , ὡς διαβὰς εἰς ΣυρίανSyria ἕξει ΓαζαίουςGazites συνεστῶτας μετὰ τῶν ΠτολεμαιῶνPtolemais καὶ Ζώιλον , ἔτι γε μὴν Σιδωνίους καὶ πολλοὺς ἄλλους αὐτῷ συλλήψεσθαι λεγόντων , ἐπαρθεὶς πρὸς τὸν ἔκπλουν ἔσπευδεν .
³²⁹ And as the ambassadors gave him hopes, that if he would pass over into Syria, he would have the people of Gaza on the side of those of Ptolemais; as also they said, that Zoilus, and besides these the Sidonians, and many others, would assist them; so he was elevated at this, and got his fleet ready as soon as possible.	³²⁹ Since the envoys gave him hopes that if he crossed over to Syria he would have the people of Gaza on the side of the Ptolemaians, and that Zoilus and the Sidonians and many others would help them, elated by this he hurried to get his fleet ready.
³²⁹ Barach

³³⁰ Ἐν τούτῳ δὲ τοὺς Πτολεμαιᾶς ΔημαίνετοςDemenetus πιθανὸςpersuasive, plausible ὢν αὐτοῖς τότε καὶ δημαγωγῶν μεταβαλέσθαι τὰς γνώμας ἐποίησεν , ἄμεινον εἶναι φήσας ἐπ᾽ ἀδήλῳ τῷ γενησομένῳ διακινδυνεύειν πρὸς τοὺς ἸουδαίουςJews μᾶλλον ἢ φανερὰν εἰσδέξασθαι δουλείαν δεσπότῃ παραδόντας αὑτούς , καὶ πρὸς τούτῳ μὴ τὸν παρόντα μόνον ἔχειν πόλεμον , ἀλλὰ καὶ πολὺ μείζω τὸν ἀπ᾽ ΑἰγύπτουEgypt .
³³⁰ But in this interval Demenetus, one that was of abilities to persuade men to do as he would have them, and a leader of the populace, made those of Ptolemais change their opinions; and said to them, that it was better to run the hazard of being subject to the Jews, than to admit of evident slavery by delivering themselves up to a master; and besides that, to have not only a war at present, but to expect a much greater war from Egypt;	³³⁰ Meanwhile the demagogue Demenetus who could get others to do his wishes, got the Ptolemaians to change their minds by saying that it was better to run the risk of subjection to the Jews than to welcome certain slavery by surrendering to a master, and besides, that not only would they face the present war but also must expect a much fiercer one from Egypt.
³³⁰ Barach

³³¹ τὴν‎ γὰρ ΚλεοπάτρανCleopatra οὐ περιόψεσθαι δύναμιν αὐτῷ κατασκευαζόμενον ΠτολεμαῖονPtolemy ἐκ γειτόνων , ἀλλ᾽ ἥξειν ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς μετὰ μεγάλης στρατιᾶς · σπουδάσαι γὰρ αὐτὴν ὥστε καὶ τῆς ΚύπρουCypros τὸν υἱὸν ἐκβαλεῖν · εἶναι δὲ ΠτολεμαίῳPtolemy μὲν διαμαρτόντι τῆς ἐλπίδος ἀποφυγὴν πάλιν τὴν‎ ΚύπρονCyprus , αὐτοῖς δὲ κινδύνων τὸν ἔσχατον .
³³¹ for that Cleopatra would not overlook an army raised by Ptolemy for himself out of the neighborhood, but would come against them with a great army of her own, and this because she was laboring to eject her son out of Cyprus also; that as for Ptolemy, if he fail of his hopes, he can still retire to Cyprus, but that they will be left in the greatest danger possible.	³³¹ For Cleopatra would not ignore an army raised from the neighbourhood on behalf of Ptolemy, but would come upon them with a large army of her own, when she went to expel her son from Cyprus. And if his hopes failed, Ptolemy could still retreat to Cyprus, but they would be left in extreme danger.
³³¹ Barach

³³² ὁ μὲν οὖν ΠτολεμαῖοςPtolemy κατὰ τὸν πόρον μαθὼν τὴν‎ τῶν ΠτολεμαιῶνPtolemais μεταβολὴν οὐδὲν ἧττον ἔπλευσεν καὶ καταχθεὶς εἰς τὴν‎ καλουμένην Συκάμινον ἐνταυθοῖ τὴν‎ δύναμιν ἐξεβίβασεν .
³³² Now Ptolemy, although he had heard of the change that was made in the people of Ptolemais, yet did he still go on with his voyage, and came to the country called Sycamine, and there set his army on shore.	³³² Although he had heard of the Ptolemaians' change of heart, Ptolemy went on with his voyage and came to the place called Sycamine and where he disembarked his army.
³³² Barach

³³³ ἦν δὲ ὁ πᾶς στρατὸς αὐτῷ πεζοί τε ἅμα καὶ ἱππεῦσιν περὶ τρισμυρίους , οὓς προαγαγὼν πλησίον τῆς ΠτολεμαίδοςPtolemais καὶ στρατοπεδευσάμενος , ἐπεὶ μήτε τοὺς παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ πρέσβεις ἐδέχοντο μήτε τῶν λόγων ἠκροῶντο , μεγάλως ἐφρόντιζεν .
³³³ This army of his, in the whole horse and foot together, were about thirty thousand, with which he marched near to Ptolemais, and there pitched his camp. But when the people of Ptolemais neither received his ambassadors, nor would hear what they had to say, he was under a very great concern.	³³³ His whole army, between cavalry and infantry, numbered about thirty thousand, with which he marched close to Ptolemais and encamped. When they would neither receive his envoys nor listen to what they had to say, he was greatly worried.
³³³ Barach

³³⁴ Ἐλθόντων δὲ πρὸς αὐτὸν Ζωίλου τε καὶ τῶν ΓαζαίωνGaza καὶ δεομένων συμμαχεῖν αὐτοῖς πορθουμένης αὐτοῖς τῆς χώρας ὑπὸ τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews καὶ ἈλεξάνδρουAlexander , λύει μὲν τὴν‎ πολιορκίαν δείσας τὸν ΠτολεμαῖονPtolemy ὁ ἈλέξανδροςAlexander , ἀπαγαγὼν δὲ τὴν‎ στρατιὰν εἰς τὴν‎ οἰκείαν ἐστρατήγει τὸ λοιπὸν λάθρα μὲν τὴν‎ ΚλεοπάτρανCleopatra ἐπὶ τὸν ΠτολεμαῖονPtolemy μεταπεμπόμενος , φανερῶς δὲ φιλίαν καὶ συμμαχίαν πρὸς αὐτὸν ὑποκρινόμενος .
³³⁴ But when Zoilus and the people of Gaza came to him, and desired his assistance, because their country was laid waste by the Jews, and by Alexander, Alexander raised the siege, for fear of Ptolemy: and when he had drawn off his army into his own country, he used a stratagem afterwards, by privately inviting Cleopatra to come against Ptolemy, but publicly pretending to desire a league of friendship and mutual assistance with him;	³³⁴ When Zoilus and the Gazaites came to him asking him to be their military ally, because their country had been ravaged by the Jews and Alexander, for fear of Ptolemy Alexander raised the siege, and after withdrawing his army to his own land, later used a ruse by secretly inviting Cleopatra to fight Ptolemy, while publicly seeking a pact of friendship and military alliance with him.
³³⁴ Barach

³³⁵ καὶ τετρακόσια δὲ ἀργυρίου τάλαντα δώσειν ὑπέσχετο χάριν ἀντὶ τούτων αἰτῶν Ζώιλον ἐκποδὼν ποιήσασθαι τὸν τύραννος καὶ τὴν‎ χώραν τοῖς ἸουδαίοιςJews προσνεῖμαι . τότε μὲν οὖν ὁ ΠτολεμαῖοςPtolemy ἡδέως τὴν‎ πρὸς ἈλέξανδρονAlexander ποιησάμενος φιλίαν χειροῦται τὸν Ζώιλον .
³³⁵ and promising to give him four hundred talents of silver, he desired that, by way of requital, he would take off Zoilus the tyrant, and give his country to the Jews. And then indeed Ptolemy, with pleasure, made such a league of friendship with Alexander, and subdued Zoilus;	³³⁵ He promised him four hundred talents of silver in return for deposing Zoilus the tyrant and giving his country to the Jews and Ptolemy gladly entered into friendship with Alexander and subdued Zoilus.
³³⁵ Barach

³³⁶ ὕστερον δὲ ἀκούσας λάθρα διαπεμψάμενον αὐτὸν πρὸς τὴν‎ μητέρα αὐτοῦ‎ ΚλεοπάτρανCleopatra λύει τοὺς γεγενημένους πρὸς αὐτὸν ὅρκους καὶ προσβαλὼν ἐπολιόρκει τὴν‎ ΠτολεμαίδαPtolemais μὴ δεξαμένην αὐτόν . καταλιπὼν δ᾽ ἐπὶ τῆς πολιορκίας στρατηγοὺς καὶ μέρος τι τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτὸς τῷ λοιπῷ τὴν‎ ἸουδαίανJudea καταστρεψόμενος ὥρμησεν .
³³⁶ but when he afterwards heard that he had privily sent to Cleopatra his mother, he broke the league with him, which yet he had confirmed with an oath, and fell upon him, and besieged Ptolemais, because it would not receive him. However, leaving his generals, with some part of his forces, to go on with the siege, he went himself immediately with the rest to lay Judea waste;	³³⁶ Later when he heard how he had secretly written to his mother Cleopatra, he broke the agreement he had sealed under oath, and attacked him and besieged Ptolemais for not receiving him. However, leaving the siege in the care of his generals and part of his forces, he himself hurried off with the remainder to plunder Judea.
³³⁶ Barach

³³⁷ ὁ δὲ ἈλέξανδροςAlexander τὴν‎ τοῦ ΠτολεμαίουPtolemy διάνοιαν μαθὼν συνήθροισεν καὶ αὐτὸς περὶ πέντε μυριάδας τῶν ἐγχωρίων , ὡς δ᾽ ἔνιοι συγγραφεῖς εἰρήκασιν ὀκτώ , καὶ ἀναλαβὼν τὴν‎ δύναμιν ἀπήντα τῷ ΠτολεμαίῳPtolemy . ΠτολεμαῖοςPtolemy δ᾽ ἐξαίφνης ἐπιπεσὼν Ἀσωχειτω τῆς ΓαλιλαίαςGalilee πόλει σάββασιν αἱρεῖ κατὰ κράτος αὐτὴν καὶ περὶ μύρια σώματα καὶ πολλὴν ἑτέραν ἔλαβε λείαν .
³³⁷ and when Alexander understood this to be Ptolemy’s intention, he also got together about fifty thousand soldiers out of his own country; nay, as some writers have said, eighty thousand He then took his army, and went to meet Ptolemy; but Ptolemy fell upon Asochis, a city of Galilee, and took it by force on the Sabbath day, and there he took about ten thousand slaves, and a great deal of other prey.	³³⁷ When Alexander learned of Ptolemy's intention, he also gathered about fifty thousand of his own countrymen, or some writers have said, eighty thousand, and went to meet Ptolemy with this force, but Ptolemy suddenly attacked Asochis, a city of Galilee and took it by force on the sabbath day, and took about ten thousand slaves and a large amount of other booty.
³³⁷ Barach

³³⁸ Πειράσας δὲ καὶ ΣέπφωρινSepphoris μικρὸν ἄπωθεν τῆς πεπορθημένης πολλοὺς ἀποβαλὼν ᾔει πολεμήσων ἈλεξάνδρῳAlexander . ὑπήντησε δ᾽ αὐτῷ πρὸς τῷ ἸορδάνῃJordan ποταμῷ ἈλέξανδροςAlexander περὶ τινα τόπον λεγόμενον Ἀσωφὼν οὐ πόρρωθεν τοῦ ἸορδάνουJordan ποταμοῦ καὶ βάλλεται στρατόπεδον πλησίον τῶν πολεμίων .
³³⁸ He then tried to take Sepphoris, which was a city not far from that which was destroyed, but lost many of his men; yet did he then go to fight with Alexander; which Alexander met him at the river Jordan, near a certain place called Saphoth, [not far from the river Jordan,] and pitched his camp near to the enemy.	³³⁸ He then tried to take Sepphoris, close to the one he had destroyed, and there lost many of his men, but went on to fight Alexander, who met him at the river Jordan, near a place called Asophos, not far from the Jordan, and pitched camp near to the enemy.
³³⁸ Barach

³³⁹ εἶχεν μέντοι τοὺς προμαχομένους ὀκτακισχιλίους , οὓς ἑκατονταμάχους προσηγόρευσεν , ἐπιχάλκοις χρωμένους τοῖς θυρεοῖς . ἦσαν δὲ καὶ τοῖς τοῦ ΠτολεμαίουPtolemy προμαχοῦσιν ἐπίχαλκοι αἱ ἀσπίδες . τοῖς μέντοι γε ἄλλοις ἔλαττονsmaller, less ἔχοντες οἱ τοῦ ΠτολεμαίουPtolemy εὐλαβέστερον συνῆψαν εἰς τὸν κίνδυνον .
³³⁹ He had however eight thousand in the first rank, which he styled Hecatontomachi, having shields of brass. Those in the first rank of Ptolemy’s soldiers also had shields covered with brass. But Ptolemy’s soldiers in other respects were inferior to those of Alexander, and therefore were more fearful of running hazards;	³³⁹ This time he had in the front rank eight thousand whom he called "hundred-fighters" with shields of brass. Those in the first rank of Ptolemy's soldiers also had brass-covered shields, but the rest of Ptolemy's soldiers were inferior to those of Alexander and therefore were more fearful of risks.
³³⁹ Barach

³⁴⁰ θάρσος δὲ αὐτοῖς οὐκ ὀλίγον ἐνεποίησεν ὁ τακτικὸς Φιλοστέφανος διαβῆναι κελεύσας τὸν ποταμόν , οὗ μεταξὺ ἦσαν ἐστρατοπεδευκότες . ἈλεξάνδρῳAlexander δὲ κωλύειν αὐτῶν τὴν‎ διάβασιν οὐκ ἔδοξεν · ἐνόμιζεν γάρ , εἰ κατὰ νώτου λάβοιεν τὸν ποταμόν , ῥᾷον αἱρήσειν τοὺς πολεμίους φεύγειν ἐκ τῆς μάχης οὐ δυναμένους .
³⁴⁰ but Philostephanus, the camp-master, put great courage into them, and ordered them to pass the river, which was between their camps. Nor did Alexander think fit to hinder their passage over it; for he thought, that if the enemy had once gotten the river on their back, that he should the easier take them prisoners, when they could not flee out of the battle:	³⁴⁰ But the tactician Philostephanus put great heart into them and ordered them to cross the river, which was between their camps; and Alexander did not try to stop them, thinking that if the enemy had their backs to the river, he could capture them more easily as they could not flee from the battle.
³⁴⁰ Barach

³⁴¹ κατ᾽ ἀρχὰς μὲν οὖν παρ᾽ ἀμφοτέρων ἦν ἔργα χειρῶν καὶ προθυμίας παραπλήσια καὶ πολὺς ἐγένετο φόνος ἐξ ἑκατέρων τῶν στρατευμάτων , ὑπερτέρων δὲ τῶν ἈλεξάνδρουAlexander γινομένων Φιλοστέφανος διελὼν τὴν‎ δύναμιν δεξιῶς τοῖς ἐνδιδοῦσιν ἐπεκούρει .
³⁴¹ in the beginning of which, the acts on both sides, with their hands, and with their alacrity, were alike, and a great slaughter was made by both the armies; but Alexander was superior, till Philostephanus opportunely brought up the auxiliaries, to help those that were giving way;	³⁴¹ At first the two sides matched each other both in deed and courage and there was great slaughter on both sides, but Alexander was having the better of it until Philostephanus cleverly brought up the allies to help those who were giving ground.
³⁴¹ Barach

³⁴² μηδενὸς δὲ τῷ κλιθέντι μέρει τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews προσβοηθοῦντος τούτους μὲν συνέβαινε φεύγειν μὴ βοηθούντων τῶν πλησίον ἀλλὰ κοινωνούντων τῆς φυγῆς , οἱ δὲ τοῦ ΠτολεμαίουPtolemy τὰ ἐναντία τούτων ἔπραττον ·
³⁴² but as there were no auxiliaries to afford help to that part of the Jews that gave way, it fell out that they fled, and those near them did no assist them, but fled along with them. However, Ptolemy’s soldiers acted quite otherwise;	³⁴² Since there were no allies to help the part of the Jews who were yielding, they fled. And those beside them did not help them, but fled along with them, while Ptolemy's soldiers acted quite otherwise.
³⁴² Barach

³⁴³ ἑπόμενοι γὰρ ἔκτεινον τοὺς ἸουδαίουςJews , καὶ τὸ τελευταῖον τραπέντας αὐτοὺς ἅπαντας ἐδίωκον φονεύοντες ἕως οὗ καὶ ὁ σίδηρος αὐτοῖς ἠμβλύνθη κτείνουσιν καὶ αἱ χεῖρες παρείθησαν .
³⁴³ for they followed the Jews, and killed them, till at length those that slew them pursued after them when they had made them all run away, and slew them so long, that their weapons of iron were blunted, and their hands quite tired with the slaughter;	³⁴³ They pursued and killed the Jews until finally the killers in pursuit had been chasing and killing for so long that their iron weapons were blunted and their hands were weary.
³⁴³ Barach

³⁴⁴ τρισμυρίους γοῦν ἔφασανto affirm, say αὐτῶν ἀποθανεῖν , Τιμαγένης δὲ πεντακισμυρίους εἴρηκεν , τῶν δὲ ἄλλων τοὺς μὲν αἰχμαλώτους ληφθῆναι , τοὺς δ᾽ εἰς τὰ οἰκεῖα διαφεύγειν χωρία .
³⁴⁴ for the report was, that thirty thousand men were then slain. Timagenes says they were fifty thousand. As for the rest, they were part of them taken captives, and the other part ran away to their own country.	³⁴⁴ It was said that thirty thousand men were killed that day, though Timagenes says it was fifty thousand. Of the rest, some were taken prisoner and the others escaped home.
³⁴⁴ Barach

³⁴⁵ ΠτολεμαῖοςPtolemy δὲ μετὰ τὴν‎ νίκην προσκαταδραμὼν τὴν‎ χώραν ὀψίας ἐπιγενομένηςto be born after ἔν τισι κώμαις τῆς ἸουδαίαςJudea κατέμεινεν , ἃς γυναικῶν εὑρὼν μεστὰς καὶ νηπίων ἐκέλευσεν τοὺς στρατιώτας ἀποσφάττοντας αὐτοὺς καὶ κρεουργοῦντας ἔπειτα εἰς λέβητας ζέοντας ἐνιέντας τὰ μέλη ἀπάρχεσθαι .
³⁴⁵ After this victory, Ptolemy overran all the country; and when night came on, he abode in certain villages of Judea, which when he found full of women and children, he commanded his soldiers to strangle them, and to cut them in pieces, and then to cast them into boiling caldrons, and then to devour their limbs as sacrifices.	³⁴⁵ After this victory, Ptolemy overran the land and when night came on, he stayed where he was in some villages of Judea that he found full of women and children, and ordered his soldiers to strangle and butcher them, and then throw them into boiling cauldrons and use their limbs as sacrifices.
³⁴⁵ Barach

³⁴⁶ τοῦτο δὲ προσέταξεν , ἵν᾽ οἱ διαφυγόντες ἐκ τῆς μάχης καὶ πρὸς αὑτοὺς ἐλθόντες σαρκοφάγους ὑπολάβωσιν εἶναι τοὺς πολεμίους , καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἔτι μᾶλλον αὐτοὺς καταπλαγῶσι ταῦτ᾽ ἰδόντες .
³⁴⁶ This commandment was given, that such as fled from the battle, and came to them, might suppose their enemies were cannibals, and eat men’s flesh, and might on that account be still more terrified at them upon such a sight.	³⁴⁶ He gave this order so that any who fled from the battle and got home would think that their enemies were cannibals who ate human flesh and therefore be still more terrified of them.
³⁴⁶ Barach

³⁴⁷ λέγει δὲ καὶ ΣτράβωνStrabo καὶ ΝικόλαοςNicolaus , ὅτι τοῦτον αὐτοῖς ἐχρήσαντο τὸν τρόπον , καθὼς κἀγὼ προείρηκα . ἔλαβον δὲ καὶ τὴν‎ ΠτολεμαίδαPtolemais κατὰ κράτος , ὡς καὶ ἐν ἄλλοις φανερὸν πεποιήκαμεν .
³⁴⁷ And both Strabo and Nicholaus [of Damascus] affirm, that they used these people after this manner, as I have already related. Ptolemy also took Ptolemais by force, as we have declared elsewhere.	³⁴⁷ Both Strabo and Nicholas affirm that they treated them in this way that I have reported. Ptolemy then took Ptolemais by force, as we have clarified elsewhere.
³⁴⁷ Barach

Chapter 13
[348-376]
In league with Cleopatra, Alexander destroys Gaza.
He kills many Jews who rebelled against him

☜ ☞

³⁴⁸ ΚλεοπάτραCleopatra δ᾽ ὁρῶσα τὸν υἱὸν αὐξανόμενον καὶ τήν τε ἸουδαίανJudea ἀδεῶς πορθοῦντα καὶ τὴν‎ ΓαζαίωνGaza πόλιν ὑπήκοον ἔχοντα , περιιδεῖν οὐκ ἔγνω τοῦτον ἐπὶ ταῖς πύλαις ὄντα καὶ ποθοῦντα τὴν‎ τῶν ΑἰγυπτίωνEgyptians μείζω γενόμενον ,
³⁴⁸ When Cleopatra saw that her son was grown great, and laid Judea waste, without disturbance, and had gotten the city of Gaza under his power, she resolved no longer to overlook what he did, when he was almost at her gates; and she concluded, that now he was so much stronger than before, he would be very desirous of the dominion over the Egyptians;	³⁴⁸ When Cleopatra saw how powerful her son had grown and how he had ravaged Judea easily and taken control of the city of Gaza, she decided no longer to ignore his activities when he was almost at her gates, since he would be eager to rule the Egyptians,
³⁴⁸ Barach

³⁴⁹ ἀλλὰ παραχρῆμα μετὰ καὶ ναυτικῆς καὶ πεζῆς δυνάμεως ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν ἐξώρμησεν ἡγεμόνας τῆς ὅλης στρατιᾶς ἀποδείξασα Χελκίαν καὶ ἈνανίανAnanias τοὺς ἸουδαίουςJews , τὰ δὲ πολλὰ τοῦ πλούτου καὶ τοὺς υἱωνοὺς καὶ διαθήκας πέμψασα ΚώιοιςCos παρέθετο .
³⁴⁹ but she immediately marched against him, with a fleet at sea and an army of foot on land, and made Chelcias and Ananias the Jews generals of her whole army, while she sent the greatest part of her riches, her grandchildren, and her testament, to the people of Cos.	³⁴⁹ so immediately she set out against him by sea and land and appointed the Jews Chelkias and Ananias as generals of her whole army, while she sent most of her riches, her grandchildren and her testament, to the people of Cos.
³⁴⁹ Barach

³⁵⁰ κελεύσασα δὲ τὸν υἱὸν ἈλέξανδρονAlexander στόλῳ μεγάλῳ παραπλεῖν εἰς ΦοινίκηνPhoenicia ἡ ΚλεοπάτραCleopatra μετὰ πάσης αὐτὴ τῆς δυνάμεως ἧκεν εἰς ΠτολεμαίδαPtolemais , μὴ δεξαμένων δὲ αὐτὴν τῶν ΠτολεμαιῶνPtolemais πολιορκεῖ τὴν‎ πόλιν .
³⁵⁰ Cleopatra also ordered her son Alexander to sail with a great fleet to Phoenicia; and when that country had revolted, she came to Ptolemais; and because the people of Ptolemais did not receive her, she besieged the city;	³⁵⁰ Cleopatra also ordered her son Alexander to sail with a large fleet to Phoenicia, and when that country rebelled she went to Ptolemais, and because the Ptolemaians did not receive her, she besieged the city.
³⁵⁰ Barach

³⁵¹ ΠτολεμαῖοςPtolemy δ᾽ ἐκ τῆς ΣυρίαςSyria ἀπελθὼν ἐπὶ τὴν‎ ΑἴγυπτονEgypt ἔσπευσεν , αἰφνιδίως αὐτὴν οἰόμενος κενὴν οὖσαν στρατιᾶς καθέξειν · ἀλλὰ διαμαρτάνει τῆς ἐλπίδος . κατὰ τοῦτον δὴ τὸν χρόνον συνέβη καὶ Χελκίαν τὸν ἕτερον τῶν τῆς ΚλεοπάτραςCleopatra ἡγεμόνων ἀποθανεῖν περὶ κοίλην ΣυρίανSyria διώκοντα ΠτολεμαῖονPtolemy .
³⁵¹ but Ptolemy went out of Syria, and made haste unto Egypt, supposing that he should find it destitute of an army, and soon take it, though he failed of his hopes. At this time Chelcias, one of Cleopatra’s generals, happened to die in Celesyria, as he was in pursuit of Ptolemy.	³⁵¹ Ptolemy left Syria and hurried to Egypt, expecting to find it without an army and to capture it quickly, but he was unsuccessful in his hopes. Meanwhile Chelkias, one of Cleopatra's generals, happened to die in Coele-Syria, as he was in pursuit of Ptolemy.
³⁵¹ Barach

³⁵² Ἀκούσασα δ᾽ ἡ ΚλεοπάτραCleopatra τὴν‎ ἐπιχείρησινan attempt, attack τὴν‎ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ ὅτι τὰ περὶ τὴν‎ ΑἴγυπτονEgypt οὐχ ὃν προσεδόκα τρόπον προκεχώρηκεν αὐτῷ , πέμψασα μέρος τῆς στρατιᾶς ἐξέβαλεν αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τῆς χώρας . Καὶ ὁ μὲν ἐκ τῆς ΑἰγύπτουEgypt πάλιν ὑποστρέψας τὸν χειμῶνα διέτριψεν ἐν ΓάζῃGaza .
³⁵² When Cleopatra heard of her son’s attempt, and that his Egyptian expedition did not succeed according to his expectations, she sent thither part of her army, and drove him out of that country; so when he was returned out of Egypt again, he abode during the winter at Gaza,	³⁵² When Cleopatra heard of her son's attempt and that his Egyptian expedition had not succeeded according to his plans, she sent part of her army there and expelled him from that country, and on his return from Egypt he passed the winter in Gaza.
³⁵² Barach

³⁵³ ΚλεοπάτραCleopatra δ᾽ ἐν τούτῳ τὴν‎ ἐν ΠτολεμαίδιPtolemais φρουρὰν ἐκ πολιορκίας λαμβάνει καὶ τὴν‎ πόλιν . ἈλεξάνδρουAlexander δ᾽ αὐτὴν μετὰ δώρων περιελθόντος καὶ θεραπείας ὁποίας ἄξιον ἦν πεπονθότα μὲν κακῶς ὑπὸ ΠτολεμαίουPtolemy , καταφυγῆς δ᾽ οὐκ ἄλλης ἢ ταύτης εὐποροῦντα , τινὲς μὲν τῶν φίλων καὶ ταῦτα συνεβούλευον αὐτῇ λαβεῖν καὶ τὴν‎ χώραν ἐπελθούσῃ κατασχεῖν καὶ μὴ περιιδεῖν ἐπ᾽ ἀνδρὶ ἑνὶ τοσοῦτο πλῆθος ἀγαθῶν ἸουδαίωνJews κείμενον .
³⁵³ in which time Cleopatra took the garrison that was in Ptolemais by siege, as well as the city; and when Alexander came to her, he gave her presents, and such marks of respect as were but proper, since under the miseries he endured by Ptolemy he had no other refuge but her. Now there were some of her friends who persuaded her to seize Alexander, and to overrun and take possession of the country, and not to sit still and see such a multitude of brave Jews subject to one man.	³⁵³ Meanwhile Cleopatra took the garrison in Ptolemais by siege, and the city too, and when Alexander came he brought her gifts and appropriate marks of respect, since under the threat of Ptolemy she was his only refuge. Some of her friends urged her to seize Alexander and to invade and occupy his country and not to sit still and let such a crowd of good Jews be subject to one man.
³⁵³ Barach

³⁵⁴ ἈνανίαςAnanias δὲ συνεβούλευσε τούτοις ἐναντία , λέγων ἄδικα ποιήσειν αὐτήν , εἰ σύμμαχον ἄνθρωπον ἀφαιρήσεται τῆς ἰδίας ἐξουσίας καὶ ταῦτα συγγενῆ ἡμέτερον · οὐ γὰρ ἀγνοεῖν βούλομαί σε , φησίν , εἰ τὸ πρὸς τοῦτον ἄδικον ἐχθροὺς ἅπαντας ἡμᾶς σοι τοὺς ἸουδαίουςJews κατασκευάζει .
³⁵⁴ But Ananias’s counsel was contrary to theirs, who said that “she would do an unjust action if she deprived a man that was her ally of that authority which belonged to him, and this a man who is related to us; for,” said he, “I would not have thee ignorant of this, that what injustice thou dost to him will make all us that are Jews to be thy enemies.”	³⁵⁴ Ananias advised to the contrary, that it would be wrong to deprive an ally of his rightful authority, "especially one related to us; for I want you to know that any injustice you do to him will turn all of us Jews into your enemies."
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³⁵⁵ ταῦτα δὲ ἈνανίαAnanias παραινέσαντος ἡ ΚλεοπάτραCleopatra πείθεται μηδὲν ἀδικῆσαι τὸν ἈλέξανδρονAlexander , ἀλλὰ συμμαχίαν πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐποιήσατο ἐν ΣκυθοπόλειScythopolis τῆς κοίλης ΣυρίαςSyria .
³⁵⁵ This desire of Ananias Cleopatra complied with, and did no injury to Alexander, but made a league of mutual assistance with him at Scythopolis, a city of Celesyria.	³⁵⁵ Cleopatra took this advice of Ananias and did no harm to Alexander, but made a pact of alliance with him at Scythopolis, a city of Coele-Syria.
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³⁵⁶ Ὁ δὲ τῶν ἐκ ΠτολεμαίουPtolemy φόβων ἐλευθερωθεὶς στρατεύεται μὲν εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὴν‎ κοίλην ΣυρίανSyria , αἱρεῖ δὲ ΓάδαραGadara πολιορκήσας δέκα μησίν , αἱρεῖ δὲ καὶ ἈμαθοῦνταAmathus μέγιστον ἔρυμα τῶν ὑπὲρ τὸν ἸορδάνηνJordan κατῳκημένων , ἔνθα καὶ τὰ κάλλιστα καὶ σπουδῆς ἄξια ΘεόδωροςTheodorus ὁ ΖήνωνοςZeno εἶχεν . ὃς οὐ προσδοκῶσιν ἐπιπεσὼν τοῖς ἸουδαίοιςJews μυρίους αὐτῶν ἀποκτείνει καὶ τὴν‎ ἀποσκευὴν ἈλεξάνδρουAlexander διαρπάζει .
³⁵⁶ So when Alexander was delivered from the fear he was in of Ptolemy, he presently made an expedition against Celesyria. He also took Gadara, after a siege of ten months. He took also Amathus, a very strong fortress belonging to the inhabitants above Jordan, where Theodorus, the son of Zeno, had his chief treasure, and what he esteemed most precious. This Zeno fell unexpectedly upon the Jews, and slew ten thousand of them, and seized upon Alexander’s baggage.	³⁵⁶ When Alexander was freed from his fear of Ptolemy, he marched at once against Coele-Syria and after a siege of ten months took Gadara. He also took Amathous, a major fortress of the people of the upper Jordan, where Theodore, son of Zeno, kept all that he valued most highly; but he attacked the Jews unexpectedly and killed ten thousand of them and captured Alexander's baggage.
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³⁵⁷ ταῦτα μὲν οὖν οὐ καταπλήττει τὸν ἈλέξανδρονAlexander , ἀλλ᾽ ἐπιστρατεύει τοῖς θαλαττίοις μέρεσιν , Ῥαφείᾳ καὶ Ἀνθηδόνι , ἣν ὕστερον βασιλεὺς ἩρώδηςHerod ἈγριππιάδαAgrippias προσηγόρευσεν , καὶ κατὰ κράτος εἷλεν καὶ ταύτην .
³⁵⁷ Yet did not this misfortune terrify Alexander; but he made an expedition upon the maritime parts of the country, Raphia and Anthedon, (the name of which king Herod afterwards changed to Agrippias,) and took even that by force.	³⁵⁷ Undismayed, Alexander marched against the maritime districts of Raphia and Anthedon, which king Herod later renamed Agrippias, and took even that by storm.
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³⁵⁸ ὁρῶν δὲ τὸν ΠτολεμαῖονPtolemy ἐκ τῆς ΓάζηςGaza εἰς ΚύπρονCyprus ἀνακεχωρηκότα , τὴν‎ δὲ μητέρα αὐτοῦ‎ ΚλεοπάτρανCleopatra εἰς ΑἴγυπτονEgypt , ὀργιζόμενος δὲ τοῖς Γαζαίοις , ὅτι ΠτολεμαῖονPtolemy ἐπεκαλέσαντο βοηθόν , ἐπολιόρκει τὴν‎ πόλιν καὶ τὴν‎ χώραν αὐτῶν προενόμευσεν .
³⁵⁸ But when Alexander saw that Ptolemy was retired from Gaza to Cyprus, and his mother Cleopatra was returned to Egypt, he grew angry at the people of Gaza, because they had invited Ptolemy to assist them, and besieged their city, and ravaged their country.	³⁵⁸ When Alexander saw that Ptolemy had retreated from Gaza to Cyprus and his mother Cleopatra had returned to Egypt, in his anger at the people of Gaza for inviting Ptolemy to help them he besieged their city and ravaged their country.
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³⁵⁹ Ἀπολλοδότου δὲ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ τῶν ΓαζαίωνGaza μετὰ δισχιλίων ξένων καὶ μυρίων οἰκετῶν νύκτωρ ἐπιπεσόντος τῷ τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews στρατοπέδῳ ἐφ᾽ ὅσον μὲν ὑπῆρχεν ἡ νὺξ ἐνίκων οἱ Γαζαῖοι δόκησιν παρασχόντες τοῖς πολεμίοις ὡς ἐπεληλυθότος αὐτοῖς ΠτολεμαίουPtolemy , γενομένης δὲ ἡμέρας καὶ τῆς δόξης ἐλεγχθείσης μαθόντες οἱ ἸουδαῖοιJews τἀληθὲς ἐπισυστρέφονται καὶ τοῖς Γαζαίοις προσβαλόντες ἀναιροῦσιν αὐτῶν περὶ χιλίους .
³⁵⁹ But as Apollodotus, the general of the army of Gaza, fell upon the camp of the Jews by night, with two thousand foreign and ten thousand of his own forces, while the night lasted, those of Gaza prevailed, because the enemy was made to believe that it was Ptolemy who attacked them; but when day was come on, and that mistake was corrected, and the Jews knew the truth of the matter, they came back again, and fell upon those of Gaza, and slew of them about a thousand.	³⁵⁹ When Apollodotus, the general of the Gazaites, with two thousand foreigners and ten thousand of his own forces, attacked the camp of the Jews and while the night lasted the men of Gaza had the upper hand, since the enemy thought that it was Ptolemy attacking them, but when it was day and that impression was corrected and the Jews knew the actual truth, they returned and attacked the men of Gazaites and killed about a thousand of them.
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³⁶⁰ τῶν δὲ ΓαζαίωνGaza ἀντεχόντων καὶ μήτε ὑπὸ τῆς ἐνδείας μήτε ὑπὸ τοῦ πλήθους τῶν ἀναιρουμένων ἐνδιδόντων , πᾶν γὰρ ὁτιοῦνanyone, anything ὑπέμενον παθεῖν ἢ ὑπὸ τῷ πολεμίῳ γενέσθαι , προσεπήγειρεν δ᾽ αὐτῶν τὴν‎ προθυμίαν καὶ ἈρέταςAretas ὁ ἈράβωνArabian βασιλεὺς ἐπίδοξος ὢν ἥξειν αὐτοῖς σύμμαχοςally .
³⁶⁰ But as those of Gaza stoutly resisted them, and would not yield for either their want of any thing, nor for the great multitude that were slain, (for they would rather suffer any hardship whatever than come under the power of their enemies,) Aretas, king of the Arabians, a person then very illustrious, encouraged them to go on with alacrity, and promised them that he would come to their assistance;	³⁶⁰ But as the Gazaites held out and would not yield either from shortage of food or because of the numbers killed, for they would rather suffer any hardship than come under the power of their enemies, Aretas, the king of the Arabs, a notable personage at the time, encouraged them to go on with determination and promised to come to their aid.
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³⁶¹ ἀλλὰ συνέβη πρῶτον τὸν Ἀπολλόδοτον διαφθαρῆναι · ΛυσίμαχοςLysimachus γὰρ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ‎ ζηλοτυπῶν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῷ παρὰ τοῖς πολίταις εὐδοκιμεῖν , κτείνας αὐτὸν καὶ στρατιωτικὸν συγκροτήσας ἐνδίδωσιν ἈλεξάνδρῳAlexander τὴν‎ πόλιν .
³⁶¹ but it happened that before he came Apollodotus was slain; for his brother Lysimachus envying him for the great reputation he had gained among the citizens, slew him, and got the army together, and delivered up the city to Alexander,	³⁶¹ Before he arrived Apollodotus was killed, for his brother Lysimachus who envied him for the great reputation he had gained among the citizens, killed him and assembling the troops, surrendered the city to Alexander.
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³⁶² ὁ δ᾽ εὐθὺς μὲν εἰσελθὼν ἠρέμει , μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τὴν‎ δύναμιν ἐπαφῆκε τοῖς Γαζαίοις ἐπιτρέψας τιμωρεῖν αὐτούς · οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἀλλαχῆ τρεπόμενοι τοὺς ΓαζαίουςGazites ἀπέκτειναν . ἦσαν δ᾽ οὐδ᾽ ἐκεῖνοι τὰς ψυχὰς ἀγεννεῖς , ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς παραπίπτουσιν ἀμυνόμενοι τοὺς ἸουδαίουςJews οὐκ ἐλάττονας αὐτῶν διέφθειραν .
³⁶² who, when he came in at first, lay quiet, but afterward set his army upon the inhabitants of Gaza, and gave them leave to punish them; so some went one way, and some went another, and slew the inhabitants of Gaza; yet were not they of cowardly hearts, but opposed those that came to slay them, and slew as many of the Jews;	³⁶² After coming in, he at first stayed peaceful but later set his army on the people of Gaza and let them punish them, so that they spread out in various directions to kill the Gazaites. These, however, were not cowardly but stood up to those who came to kill them and killed just as many of the Jews.
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³⁶³ ἔνιοι δὲ μονούμενοι τὰς οἰκίας ἐνεπίμπρασαν , ὡς μηδὲν ἐξ αὐτῶν λάφυρον εἶναι τοῖς πολεμίοις λαβεῖν . οἱ δὲ καὶ τῶν τέκνων καὶ τῶν γυναικῶν αὐτόχειρες ἐγένοντο τῆς ὑπὸ τοῖς ἐχθροῖς αὐτὰ δουλείας οὕτως ἀπαλλάττειν ἠναγκασμένοι .
³⁶³ and some of them, when they saw themselves deserted, burnt their own houses, that the enemy might get none of their spoils; nay, some of them, with their own hands, slew their children and their wives, having no other way but this of avoiding slavery for them;	³⁶³ Some of them even, finding themselves isolated, burned their own houses so that the enemy might claim no spoils from them, and some with their own hands killed their children and their wives, having no other way to keep them from slavery.
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³⁶⁴ τῶν δὲ βουλευτῶν ἦσαν οἱ πάντες πεντακόσιοι συμφυγόντες εἰς τὸ τοῦ ἈπόλλωνοςApollo ἱερόν · συνεδρευόντων γὰρ τὴν‎ ἐπίθεσιν συνέβη γενέσθαι · ὁ δὲ ἈλέξανδροςAlexander τούτους τε ἀναιρεῖ καὶ τὴν‎ πόλιν αὐτοῖς ἐπικατασκάψας ὑπέστρεψεν εἰς ἹεροσόλυμαJerusalem ἐνιαυτῷ πολιορκήσας .
³⁶⁴ but the senators, who were in all five hundred, fled to Apollo’s temple, (for this attack happened to be made as they were sitting,) whom Alexander slew; and when he had utterly overthrown their city, he returned to Jerusalem, having spent a year in that siege.	³⁶⁴ As this attack came while they were in session, the senators, five hundred in all, fled to the temple of Apollo, but Alexander killed them and when he had utterly destroyed their city, he returned to Jerusalem, after a year besieging them.
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³⁶⁵ Ὑπὸ τὸν αὐτὸν δὲ τοῦτον καιρὸν καὶ ἈντίοχοςAntiochus ὁ ἐπικληθεὶς Γρυπὸς ἀποθνήσκει ὑπὸ Ἡρακλέωνος ἐπιβουλευθείς , βιώσας μὲν ἔτη τεσσαράκοντα καὶ πέντε , βασιλεύσας δὲ ἐννέα καὶ εἴκοσι .
³⁶⁵ About this very time Antiochus, who was called Grypus, died His death was caused by Heracleon’s treachery, when he had lived forty-five years, and had reigned twenty-nine.	³⁶⁵ About this time Antiochus, who was surnamed Grypus, died in a plot instigated by Heracleon, after living forty-five years and ruling for twenty-nine.
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³⁶⁶ διαδεξάμενος δὲ τὴν‎ βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ‎ ὁ παῖς ΣέλευκοςSeleucus ἐπολέμει μὲν τῷ τοῦ πατρὸς ἀδελφῷ ἈντιόχῳAntiochus , ὃς ἐπεκαλεῖτο Κυζικηνός , νικήσας δ᾽ αὐτὸν καὶ λαβὼν ἀπέκτεινεν .
³⁶⁶ His son Seleucus succeeded him in the kingdom, and made war with Antiochus, his father’s brother, who was called Antiochus Cyzicenus, and beat him, and took him prisoner, and slew him.	³⁶⁶ His son Seleucus succeeded him as king and made war on his father's brother Antiochus, surnamed Antiochus Cyzicenus, and on defeating him took him prisoner and killed him.
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³⁶⁷ μετ᾽ οὐ πολὺ δὲ τοῦ Κυζικηνοῦ παῖς ἈντίοχοςAntiochus , ὁ Εὐσεβὴς καλούμενος , παραγενηθεὶς εἰς ἌραδονAradus καὶ περιθέμενος διάδημα πολεμεῖ τῷ Σελεύκῳ , καὶ κρατήσας ἐξήλασενto drive out αὐτὸν ἐκ πάσης τῆς ΣυρίαςSyria .
³⁶⁷ But after a while Antiochus, the son of Cyzicenus, who was called Pius, came to Aradus, and put the diadem on his own head, and made war with Seleucus, and beat him, and drove him out of all Syria.	³⁶⁷ Shortly afterward the son of Cyzicenus, Antiochus, called the Pious, came to Aradus and after taking the crown made war on Seleucus and beat him and drove him completely out of Syria.
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³⁶⁸ ὁ δὲ φυγὼν εἰς ΚιλικίανCilicia καὶ γενόμενος ἐν τῇ Μόψου ἑστίᾳ πάλιν αὐτοὺς εἰσέπραττε χρήματα . ὁ δὲ τῶν Μοψεστέων δῆμος ἀγανακτήσαςto be aroused, indignant ὑφῆψεν αὐτοῦ‎ τὰ βασίλεια καὶ διέφθειρεν αὐτὸν μετὰ τῶν φίλων .
³⁶⁸ But when he fled out of Syria, he came to Mopsuestia again, and levied money upon them; but the people of Mopsuestin had indignation at what he did, and burnt down his palace, and slew him, together with his friends.	³⁶⁸ Taking flight to Cilicia, he came to Mopsous and again levied money upon them, but the populace of Mopsous were angry and burned down his palace and killed him along with his friends.
³⁶⁸ Barach

³⁶⁹ ἈντιόχουAntiochus δὲ τοῦ Κυζικηνοῦ παιδὸς βασιλεύοντος τῆς ΣυρίαςSyria ἈντίοχοςAntiochus ὁ ΣελεύκουSeleucus ἀδελφὸς ἐκφέρει πόλεμον πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ νικηθεὶς ἀπόλλυται μετὰ τῆς στρατιᾶς . μετὰ δ᾽ αὐτὸν ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ‎ ΦίλιπποςPhilip ἐπιθέμενος διάδημα μέρους τινὸς τῆς ΣυρίαςSyria ἐβασίλευσεν .
³⁶⁹ But when Antiochus, the son of Cyzicenus, was king of Syria, Antiochus, the brother of Seleucus, made war upon him, and was overcome, and destroyed, he and his army. After him, his brother Philip put on the diadem, and reigned over some part of Syria;	³⁶⁹ When Antiochus, son of Cyzicenus, was king of Syria, Antiochus, the brother of Seleucus, made war on him and was defeated and destroyed along with his army; and after him, his brother Philip assumed the crown and ruled over part of Syria.
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³⁷⁰ ΠτολεμαῖοςPtolemy δὲ ὁ Λάθουρος τὸν τρίτον αὐτῶν ἀδελφὸν ΔημήτριονDemetrius τὸν ἌκαιρονEucerus λεγόμενον ἐκ Κνίδου μεταπεμψάμενος κατέστησεν ἐν ΔαμασκῷDamascus βασιλέα .
³⁷⁰ but Ptolemy Lathyrus sent for his fourth brother Demetrius, who was called Eucerus, from Cnidus, and made him king of Damascus.	³⁷⁰ Ptolemy Lathyrus sent for his fourth brother Demetrius, surnamed Eucerus, from Cnidus and made him king of Damascus.
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³⁷¹ τούτοις δὲ τοῖς δυσὶν ἀδελφοῖς καρτερῶς ἀνθιστάμενος ἈντίοχοςAntiochus ταχέως ἀπέθανεν · Λαοδίκῃ γὰρ ἐλθὼν σύμμαχοςally τῇ τῶν Σαμηνῶν βασιλίσσῃ ΠάρθουςParthians πολεμούσῃ μαχόμενος ἀνδρείως ἔπεσεν . τὴν‎ δὲ ΣυρίανSyria οἱ δύο κατεῖχον ἀδελφοὶ ΔημήτριοςDemetrius καὶ ΦίλιπποςPhilip , καθὼς ἐν ἄλλοις δεδήλωται .
³⁷¹ Both these brothers did Antiochus vehemently oppose, but presently died; for when he was come as an auxiliary to Laodice, queen of the Gileadites, when she was making war against the Parthians, and he was fighting courageously, he fell, while Demetrius and Philip governed Syria, as hath been elsewhere related.	³⁷¹ Having fiercely opposed both these brothers, Antiochus died soon afterward, for coming as an ally to Laodice, queen of Galaditis, in her war against the Parthians and fighting bravely, he fell. At that time Demetrius and Philip ruled Syria, as has been elsewhere reported.
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³⁷² ἈλέξανδροςAlexander δὲ τῶν οἰκείων πρὸς αὐτὸν στασιασάντων , ἐπανέστη γὰρ αὐτῷ τὸ ἔθνος ἑορτῆς ἀγομένης καὶ ἑστῶτος αὐτοῦ‎ ἐπὶ τοῦ βωμοῦ καὶ θύειν μέλλοντος κιτρίοις αὐτὸν ἔβαλλον , νόμου ὄντος παρὰ τοῖς ἸουδαίοιςJews ἐν τῇ σκηνοπηγίᾳ ἔχειν ἕκαστον θύρσους ἐκ φοινίκων καὶ κιτρίων , δεδηλώκαμεν δὲ καὶ ταῦτα ἐν ἄλλοις , προσεξελοιδόρησαν δ᾽ αὐτὸν ὡς ἐξ αἰχμαλώτων γεγονότα καὶ τῆς τιμῆς καὶ τοῦ θύειν ἀνάξιον ,
³⁷² As to Alexander, his own people were seditious against him; for at a festival which was then celebrated, when he stood upon the altar, and was going to sacrifice, the nation rose upon him, and pelted him with citrons [which they then had in their hands, because] the law of the Jews required that at the feast of tabernacles every one should have branches of the palm tree and citron tree; which thing we have elsewhere related. They also reviled him, as derived from a captive, and so unworthy of his dignity and of sacrificing.	³⁷² Alexander's own people rebelled against him, for as a festival was being celebrated, when he stood upon the altar about to sacrifice, the nation rose up at him and pelted him with lemons, for the Jewish law requires that at the feast of tents each should have branches of the palm and lemon trees, as we have elsewhere reported, and they mocked him as one born of slaves and so unworthy of the honour of offering sacrifice.
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³⁷³ ἐπὶ τούτοις ὀργισθεὶς κτείνει μὲν αὐτῶν περὶ ἑξακισχιλίους , δρύφακτον δὲ ξύλινον περὶ τὸν βωμὸν καὶ τὸν ναὸν βαλόμενος μέχρι τοῦ θριγκοῦ , εἰς ὃν μόνοις ἐξῆν τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν εἰσιέναι , τούτῳ τὴν‎ τοῦ πλήθους ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν ἀπέφραττεν εἴσοδον .
³⁷³ At this he was in a rage, and slew of them about six thousand. He also built a partition-wall of wood round the altar and the temple, as far as that partition within which it was only lawful for the priests to enter; and by this means he obstructed the multitude from coming at him.	³⁷³ Enraged by this he killed about six thousand of them and built a wooden partition around the altar and extended the sanctuary as far as the partition, within which only the priests were allowed to enter, and thereby blocked the people from coming near him.
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³⁷⁴ ἔτρεφενto feed δὲ καὶ ξένους Πισίδας καὶ Κίλικας · ΣύροιςSyrians γὰρ πολέμιος ὢν οὐκ ἐχρῆτο . καταστρεψάμενος δὲ τῶν ἈράβωνArabian ΜωαβίταςMoabites καὶ ΓαλααδίταςGaladites εἰς φόρου ἀπαγωγήν , κατερείπει καὶ ἈμαθοῦνταAmathus ΘεοδώρουTheodorus μὴ τολμῶντος αὐτῷ συμβαλεῖν .
³⁷⁴ He also maintained foreigners of Pisidiae and Cilicia; for as to the Syrians, he was at war with them, and so made no use of them. He also overcame the Arabians, such as the Moabites and Gileadites, and made them bring tribute. Moreover, he demolished Amathus, while Theodorus durst not fight with him;	³⁷⁴ He also employed Pisidian and Cilician aliens but made war on the Syrians, and so made no use of them; and of the Arabs he defeated the Moabites and Galadites and made them pay tribute, and he crushed Amathous, while Theodore dared not fight with him.
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³⁷⁵ συνάψας δὲ μάχην πρὸς Ὀβέδαν τὸν ἈράβωνArabian βασιλέα καὶ πεσὼν εἰς ἐνέδραν ἐν χωρίοις τραχέσι καὶ δυσβάτοις ὑπὸ πλήθους καμήλων εἰς βαθεῖαν κατερράχθη Φάραγγα κατὰ ΓάδαραGadara κώμην τῆς Γαυλανίτιδος καὶ μόλις αὐτὸς διασώζεται , φεύγων δ᾽ ἐκεῖθεν εἰς ἹεροσόλυμαJerusalem παραγίνεται .
³⁷⁵ but as he had joined battle with Obedas, king of the Arabians, and fell into an ambush in the places that were rugged and difficult to be traveled over, he was thrown down into a deep valley, by the multitude of the camels at Gadara, a village of Gilead, and hardly escaped with his life. From thence he fled to Jerusalem,	³⁷⁵ But as he had given battle to Obedas, king of the Arabs, he fell into an ambush among a herd of camels in a rugged place that was difficult to cross, and was driven down into a deep valley, near the village of Gadara in Gaulanitis and fled to Jerusalem, barely escaping with his life.
³⁷⁵ Barach

³⁷⁶ καὶ πρὸς τὴν‎ κακοπραγίαν αὐτοῦ‎ ἐπιθεμένου τοῦ ἔθνους πολεμήσας πρὸς αὐτὸ ἔτεσιν ἓξ ἀναιρεῖ τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews οὐκ ἔλαττονsmaller, less πέντε μυριάδας . παρακαλοῦντος δὲ παῦσαι τὴν‎ πρὸς αὐτὸν δυσμένειαν ἔτι μᾶλλον ἐμίσουν αὐτὸν διὰ τὰ συμβεβηκότα . πυνθανομένου δ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ τί βούλονται , πάντες γενέσθαι ἐβόησαν ἀποθανεῖν αὐτόν , καὶ πρὸς ΔημήτριονDemetrius τὸν ἌκαιρονEucerus ἔπεμψαν παρακαλοῦντες ἐπὶ συμμαχίαν .
³⁷⁶ where, besides his other ill success, the nation insulted him, and he fought against them for six years, and slew no fewer than fifty thousand of them. And when he desired that they would desist from their ill-will to him, they hated him so much the more, on account of what had already happened; and when he had asked them what he ought to do, they all cried out, that he ought to kill himself. They also sent to Demetrius Eucerus, and desired him to make a league of mutual defense with them.	³⁷⁶ To his other misdeeds, he added fighting his own nation for six years and killing no fewer than fifty thousand of the Jews. When he entreated them to set aside their ill-will to him, they hated him all the more for what had already happened, and when he asked them what they wanted they all shouted that he should kill himself. They also sent to Demetrius Akairos, asking him to come as their ally.
³⁷⁶ Barach

Chapter 14
[377-386]
Demetrius Akairos defeats Alexander, then retreats.
The many Jews killed by Alexander

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³⁷⁷ Ὁ δὲ μετὰ στρατιᾶς ἐλθὼν καὶ παραλαβὼν τοὺς ἐπικαλεσαμένους περὶ ΣίκιμαShechem πόλιν ἐστρατοπέδευσεν . ἈλέξανδροςAlexander δὲ μετὰ μισθοφόρων ἑξακισχιλίων καὶ διακοσίων ἸουδαίωνJews τε περὶ δισμυρίους οἳ ἐφρόνουν τὰ ἐκείνου παραλαβὼν ἀντεπῄει τῷ ΔημητρίῳDemetrius · τούτῳ δ᾽ ἦσαν ἱππεῖς μὲν τρισχίλιοι , πεζῶν δὲ τέσσαρες μυριάδες .
³⁷⁷ So Demetrius came with an army, and took those that invited him, and pitched his camp near the city Shechem; upon which Alexander, with his six thousand two hundred mercenaries, and about twenty thousand Jews, who were of his party, went against Demetrius, who had three thousand horsemen, and forty thousand footmen.	³⁷⁷ Being invited, he came with an army and joining up with them encamped near the city of Sikima. Then Alexander, with his six thousand two hundred mercenaries and about twenty thousand Jews who thought as he did went out against Demetrius, who had three thousand cavalry and forty thousand infantry.
³⁷⁷ Barach

³⁷⁸ πολλὰ μὲν οὖν ἑκατέροις ἐπράχθη , τοῦ μὲν ἀποστῆσαι τοὺς μισθοφόρους ὡς ὄντας ἝλληναςGreeks πειρωμένου , τοῦ δὲ τοὺς σὺν ΔημητρίῳDemetrius ἸουδαίουςJews . μηδετέρου δὲ πεῖσαι δυνηθέντος , ἀλλ᾽ εἰς μάχην συμβαλόντων , νικᾷ ΔημήτριοςDemetrius , καὶ ἀποθνήσκουσι μὲν οἱ ἈλεξάνδρουAlexander μισθοφόροι πάντες πίστεως ἅμα καὶ ἀνδρείας ἐπίδειξιν ποιησάμενοι , πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ τῶν ΔημητρίουDemeter, Demetrius στρατιωτῶν .
³⁷⁸ Now there were great endeavors used on both sides,—Demetrius trying to bring off the mercenaries that were with Alexander, because they were Greeks, and Alexander trying to bring off the Jews that were with Demetrius. However, when neither of them could persuade them so to do, they came to a battle, and Demetrius was the conqueror; in which all Alexander’s mercenaries were killed, when they had given demonstration of their fidelity and courage. A great number of Demetrius’s soldiers were slain also.	³⁷⁸ Both sides strove hard, Demetrius trying to win over the mercenaries who were Greeks, and Alexander trying to win over the Jews who were on the side of Demetrius. When neither could persuade the others, a battle was fought which Demetrius won, and despite proving their loyalty and courage, all of Alexander's mercenaries died in it, as well as many of the soldiers of Demetrius.
³⁷⁸ Barach

³⁷⁹ Φεύγοντος δ᾽ ἈλεξάνδρουAlexander εἰς τὰ ὄρη κατὰ οἶκτον τῆς μεταβολῆς συλλέγονται παρ᾽ αὐτὸν ἸουδαίωνJews ἑξακισχίλιοι . Καὶ τότε μὲν δείσας ὑποχωρεῖ ΔημήτριοςDemetrius . μετὰ ταῦτα δὲ οἱ ἸουδαῖοιJews ἐπολέμουν ἈλεξάνδρῳAlexander καὶ νικώμενοι πολλοὶ ἀπέθνησκον ἐν ταῖς μάχαις .
³⁷⁹ Now as Alexander fled to the mountains, six thousand of the Jews hereupon came together [from Demetrius] to him out of pity at the change of his fortune; upon which Demetrius was afraid, and retired out of the country; after which the Jews fought against Alexander, and being beaten, were slain in great numbers in the several battles which they had;	³⁷⁹ As Alexander fled to the mountains, six thousand of the Jews, sympathetic to the change in his fortune, joined up with him, and Demetrius grew afraid and retreated. But later the Jews turned on Alexander and after their defeat in the battles many were killed.
³⁷⁹ Barach

³⁸⁰ κατακλείσας δὲ τοὺς δυνατωτάτους αὐτᾶν ἐν ΒαιθομμειBaithomis πόλει ἐπολιόρκει , λαβὼν δὲ τὴν‎ πόλιν καὶ γενόμενος ἐγκρατὴς αὐτῶν ἀνήγαγεν εἰς ἹεροσόλυμαJerusalem καὶ πάντων ὠμότατον ἔργον ἔδρασεν · ἑστιώμενος γὰρ ἐν ἀπόπτῳ μετὰ τῶν παλλακίδων ἀνασταυρῶσαι προσέταξεν αὐτῶν ὡς ὀκτακοσίους , τοὺς δὲ παῖδας αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς γυναῖκας ἔτι ζώντων παρὰ τὰς ἐκείνων ὄψεις ἀπέσφαττεν ,
³⁸⁰ and when he had shut up the most powerful of them in the city Bethome, he besieged them therein; and when he had taken the city, and gotten the men into his power, he brought them to Jerusalem, and did one of the most barbarous actions in the world to them; for as he was feasting with his concubines, in the sight of all the city, he ordered about eight hundred of them to be crucified; and while they were living, he ordered the throats of their children and wives to be cut before their eyes.	³⁸⁰ Having trapped the most powerful of them in the city of Baithomis, he besieged it and when he captured the city and had them in his power he brought them to Jerusalem and did to them one of the cruellest things. For as he was feasting in public with his concubines, he had about eight hundred of them crucified, and while they were still alive, had the throats of their children and wives cut before their eyes.
³⁸⁰ Barach

³⁸¹ ὑπὲρ μὲν ὧν ἠδίκητο ἀμυνόμενος , ἄλλως δὲ ὑπὲρ ἄνθρωπον ταύτην εἰσπραττόμενος τὴν‎ δίκην , εἰ καὶ τὰ μάλιστα , ὅπερ ἦν εἰκός , ἐταλαιπωρήθη τοῖς πρὸς αὐτοὺς πολέμοις καὶ εἰς τοὔσχατον ἧκε κινδύνου ψυχῆς τε πέρι καὶ βασιλείας , οὐκ ἀρκουμένων ἀγωνίζεσθαι κατὰ σφᾶς αὐτούς ,
³⁸¹ This was indeed by way of revenge for the injuries they had done him; which punishment yet was of an inhuman nature, though we suppose that he had been never so much distressed, as indeed he had been, by his wars with them, for he had by their means come to the last degree of hazard, both of his life and of his kingdom, while they were not satisfied by themselves only to fight against him, but introduced foreigners also for the same purpose;	³⁸¹ This was in revenge for the wrongs they had done, but the vengeance was inhuman even granted his exhaustion by his wars with them, for they had brought him to the most extreme danger both to his life and kingdom, as they not only fought against him themselves, but also brought in foreigners for this purpose.
³⁸¹ Barach

³⁸² ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀλλοφύλους ἐπαγόντων καὶ τὸ τελευταῖον εἰς τοῦτο ἀνάγκης ἀγαγόντων , ὥστε ἣν κατεστρέψατο γῆν ἐν Γαλααδίτιδι καὶ ΜωαβίτιδιMoab area καὶ τὰ χωρία τῶν ἈράβωνArabian τῷ βασιλεῖ παραδοῦναι , ὅπως ἂν μὴ ξυνάρηται σφίσι τὸν κατ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ πόλεμον , ἄλλα τε μυρία ἐς ὕβριν αὐτοῦ‎ καὶ ἐπήρειαν πραξάντων .
³⁸² nay, at length they reduced him to that degree of necessity, that he was forced to deliver back to the king of Arabia the land of Moab and Gilead, which he had subdued, and the places that were in them, that they might not join with them in the war against him, as they had done ten thousand other things that tended to affront and reproach him.	³⁸² In the end they drove him to such extremes that he was forced to hand back to the king the districts of Arabia and land in Moab and Galaditis which he had subdued, to prevent their joining them in the war against him, and they had done ten thousand other things to insult and challenge him.
³⁸² Barach

³⁸³ ἀλλ᾽ [οὖν οὐκ ] ἐπιτηδείως δοκεῖ ταῦτα δρᾶσαι , ὥστε διὰ τὴν‎ τῆς ὠμότητος ὑπερβολὴν ἐπικληθῆναι αὐτὸν ὑπὸ τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews Θρακίδαν . οἱ δ᾽ ἀντιστασιῶται αὐτοῦ‎ τὸ πλῆθος ὄντες περὶ ὀκτακισχιλίους φεύγουσιν νυκτὸς καὶ παρ᾽ ὃν ἔζη χρόνον ἈλέξανδροςAlexander ἦσαν ἐν τῇ φυγῇ . Καὶ οὗτος μὲν ἀπηλλαγμένος τῆς ἐκ τούτων ταραχῆς μετὰ πάσης τὸ λοιπὸν ἠρεμίας ἐβασίλευσεν .
³⁸³ However, this barbarity seems to have been without any necessity, on which account he bare the name of a Thracian among the Jews whereupon the soldiers that had fought against him, being about eight thousand in number, ran away by night, and continued fugitives all the time that Alexander lived; who being now freed from any further disturbance from them, reigned the rest of his time in the utmost tranquillity.	³⁸³ But all his actions won him no credit since among the Jews he was nicknamed "The Thracian," for his excessive savagery. Therefore the crowd of about eight thousand that had fought against him fled by night and continued as fugitives as long as Alexander lived, and now free from any further disturbance from them, he ruled the rest of his time in all tranquillity.
³⁸³ Barach

³⁸⁴ ΔημήτριοςDemetrius δ᾽ ἐκ τῆς ἸουδαίαςJudea ἀπελθὼν εἰς ΒέροιανBerea ἐπολιόρκει τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ‎ ΦίλιππονPhilip ὄντων αὐτῷ πεζῶν μὲν μυρίων , χιλίων δὲ ἱππέων . ΣτράτωνStrato δ᾽ ὁ τῆς ΒεροίαςBerea τύραννος ΦιλίππῳPhilip συμμαχῶν ἌζιζονAzizos τὸν ἈράβωνArabian φύλαρχον ἐπεκαλεῖτο καὶ ΜιθριδάτηνMithridates τὸν ΣινάκηνSinakes τὸν ΠαρθυαίωνParthians ὕπαρχον .
³⁸⁴ But when Demetrius was departed out of Judea, he went to Berea, and besieged his brother Philip, having with him ten thousand footmen, and a thousand horsemen. However Strato, the tyrant of Berea, the confederate of Philip, called in Zizon, the ruler of the Arabian tribes, and Mithridates Sinax, the ruler of the Parthians,	³⁸⁴ When Demetrius left Judea he went to Berea and besieged his brother Philip with a force of ten thousand infantry and a thousand cavalry. However the tyrant of Berea, Strato, the ally of Philip, called in Azizos, the ruler of the Arabian tribes and Mithridates Sinakes, the ruler of the Parthians.
³⁸⁴ Barach

³⁸⁵ ὧν ἀφικομένων μετὰ πολλῆς δυνάμεως καὶ πολιορκούντων ΔημήτριονDemetrius ἐντὸς τοῦ χαρακώματος , εἴσω τοῖς τε τοξεύμασι καὶ τῇ δίψῃ συνέχοντες αὐτὸν ἠνάγκασαν τοὺς σὺν αὐτῷ σφᾶς παραδοῦναι . λαφυραγωγήσαντες δὲ τὰ ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ καὶ τὸν ΔημήτριονDemetrius παραλαβόντες τὸν μὲν τῷ ΜιθριδάτῃMithridates τῷ τότε βασιλεύοντι ΠάρθωνParthians ἔπεμψαν , τῶν δ᾽ αἰχμαλώτων οὓς ἈντιοχέωνAntioch εἶναι πολίτας συνέβαινε τούτους προῖκα τοῖς ἈντιοχεῦσινAntioch people ἀπέδωκαν .
³⁸⁵ who coming with a great number of forces, and besieging Demetrius in his encampment, into which they had driven them with their arrows, they compelled those that were with him by thirst to deliver up themselves. So they took a great many spoils out of that country, and Demetrius himself, whom they sent to Mithridates, who was then king of Parthia; but as to those whom they took captives of the people of Antioch, they restored them to the Antiochians without any reward.	³⁸⁵ These, coming with numerous forces and besieging Demetrius in the fortress into which with their arrows they had driven him, by thirst forced his companions to surrender. So they took many spoils from the land and Demetrius himself, whom they sent to Mithridates, then the king of Parthia, but without any reward restored to the Antiocheans any from that city whom they had captured.
³⁸⁵ Barach

³⁸⁶ ΜιθριδάτηςMithridates δ᾽ ὁ τῶν ΠάρθωνParthians βασιλεὺς ΔημήτριονDemetrius εἶχεν ἐν τιμῇ τῇ πάσῃ‎ μέχρι νόσῳ κατέστρεψε ΔημήτριοςDemetrius τὸν βίον . ΦίλιπποςPhilip δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς μάχης εὐθὺς εἰς ἈντιόχειανAntioch ἐλθὼν καὶ κατασχὼν αὐτὴν ἐβασίλευσεν τῆς ΣυρίαςSyria .
³⁸⁶ Now Mithridates, the king of Parthia, had Demetrius in great honor, till Demetrius ended his life by sickness. So Philip, presently after the fight was over, came to Antioch, and took it, and reigned over Syria.	³⁸⁶ Now Mithridates, the king of Parthia, showed Demetrius great honour until sickness ended the man's life. And immediately after the battle, Philip went to Antioch and took it and ruled over Syria.
³⁸⁶ Barach

Chapter 15
[387-404]
Antiochus "Dionysus" and Aretas make raids on Judea.
Alexander's advice to Alexandra, before his death

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³⁸⁷ Ἔπειτα ἈντίοχοςAntiochus ὁ κληθεὶς ΔιόνυσοςDionysus ἀδελφὸς ὢν ΦιλίππουPhilip , τῆς ἀρχῆς ἀντιποιούμενος εἰς ΔαμασκὸνDamascus παραγίνεται , καὶ τῶν ἐκεῖ πραγμάτων ἐγκρατὴς γενόμενος ἐβασίλευσεν . ἐκστρατεύσαντος δὲ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἌραβαςArabs αὐτοῦ‎ ΦίλιπποςPhilip ὁ ἀδελφὸς τοῦτ᾽ ἀκούσας ἐπὶ ΔαμασκὸνDamascus ἦλθεν .
³⁸⁷ After this, Antiochus, who was called Dionysus, and was Philip’s brother, aspired to the dominion, and came to Damascus, and got the power into his hands, and there he reigned; but as he was making war against the Arabians, his brother Philip heard of it, and came to Damascus,	³⁸⁷ Then Antiochus, surnamed Dionysus, Philip's brother, aspiring to rule came to Damascus and took power there. But as he was campaigning against the Arabs, his brother Philip heard of it and came to Damascus.
³⁸⁷ Barach

³⁸⁸ ΜιλησίουMilesius δ᾽ , ὃς καταλέλειπτο τῆς ἄκρας φύλαξ καὶ τῶν ΔαμασκηνῶνDamascus , παραδόντος αὐτῷ τὴν‎ πόλιν , ἀχάριστος εἰς αὐτὸν γενόμενος καὶ μηδὲν ὧν ἐλπίσαςto have hope, confidence ἐδέξατο αὐτὸν παρασχών , ἀλλὰ τῷ παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ φόβῳ βουληθεὶς δοκεῖν παραλαβεῖν τὴν‎ πόλιν ἢ τῇ χάριτι τῇ ΜιλησίουMilesius δωρούμενος αὐτὸν οἷς ἐχρῆν , ὑπωπτεύετο καὶ πάλιν ἐκπίπτει τῆς ΔαμασκοῦDamascus ·
³⁸⁸ where Milesius, who had been left governor of the citadel, and the Damascens themselves, delivered up the city to him; yet because Philip was become ungrateful to him, and had bestowed upon him nothing of that in hopes whereof he had received him into the city, but had a mind to have it believed that it was rather delivered up out of fear than by the kindness of Milesius, and because he had not rewarded him as he ought to have done, he became suspected by him, and so he was obliged to leave Damascus again; for	³⁸⁸ Milesius, who was in charge of the citadel, and the Damascene population surrendered the city to him, but when he disappointed him and granted none of what he had hoped for when welcoming him into the city, and claimed to have gained it through fear rather than by the favour of Milesius, and did not properly reward him, Philip lost popularity and was expelled from Damascus again.
³⁸⁸ Barach

³⁸⁹ ἐξορμήσαντος γὰρ αὐτοῦ‎ εἰς ἱππόδρομον ἀπέκλεισεν ὁ Μιλήσιος καὶ τὴν‎ ΔαμασκὸνDamascus ἈντιόχῳAntiochus διεφύλαξεν . ὃς ἀκούσας τὰ περὶ τὸν ΦίλιππονPhilip ὑπέστρεψεν ἐκ τῆς ἈραβίαςArabia , στρατεύεται δ᾽ εὐθὺς ἐλθὼν ἐπὶ τὴν‎ ἸουδαίανJudea ὁπλίταιςarmed warrior μὲν ὀκτακισχιλίοις , ἱππεῦσι δὲ ὀκτακοσίοις .
³⁸⁹ Milesius caught him marching out into the Hippodrome, and shut him up in it, and kept Damascus for Antiochus [Eucerus], who hearing how Philip’s affairs stood, came back out of Arabia. He also came immediately, and made an expedition against Judea, with eight thousand armed footmen, and eight hundred horsemen.	³⁸⁹ Milesius caught him marching out into the Hippodrome and shut him within it and kept Damascus for Antiochus, who hearing about the Philip affair, returned from Arabia. He then immediately marched against Judea with eight thousand armed infantry and eight hundred cavalry.
³⁸⁹ Barach

³⁹⁰ δείσας δὲ ἈλέξανδροςAlexander τὴν‎ ἔφοδον αὐτοῦ‎ τάφρον ὀρύττει βαθεῖαν ἀπὸ τῆς Χαβερσαβᾶ ἀρξάμενος , ἣ νῦν Ἀντιπατρὶς καλεῖται , ἄχρι τῆς εἰς ἸόππηνJoppa θαλάσσης , ᾗ καὶ μόνον ἦν ἐπίμαχον · τεῖχός τ᾽ ἐγείρας καὶ πύργους ἀναστήσας ξυλίνους καὶ μεταπύργια ἐπὶ σταδίους ἑκατὸν ἑξήκοντα ἐξεδέχετο τὸν ἈντίοχονAntiochus .
³⁹⁰ So Alexander, out of fear of his coming, dug a deep ditch, beginning at Chabarzaba, which is now called Antipatris, to the sea of Joppa, on which part only his army could be brought against him. He also raised a wall, and erected wooden towers, and intermediate redoubts, for one hundred and fifty furlongs in length, and there expected the coming of Antiochus;	³⁹⁰ Fearful of his arrival, Alexander dug a deep ditch, beginning at Chabarzaba, which is now called Antipatris, to the sea of Joppa, on which only a part of his army could be brought against him. He also raised a wall and built wooden towers and intermediate redoubts, for one hundred and fifty furlongs in length and there expected the coming of Antiochus,
³⁹⁰ Barach

³⁹¹ ὁ δὲ ταῦτα πάντα ἐμπρήσας διεβίβαζε ταύτῃ τὴν‎ δύναμιν ἐπὶ τὴν‎ ἈραβίανArabia . ἀναχωροῦντος δὲ τοῦ Ἄραβος τὰ πρῶτα , ἔπειτα μετὰ μυρίων ἱππέων ἐξαίφνης ἐπιφανέντος ὑπαντήσας τούτοις ἈντίοχοςAntiochus καρτερῶς ἐμάχετο , καὶ δὴ νικῶν ἀπέθανεν παραβοηθῶν τῷ πονοῦντι μέρει . πεσόντος δ᾽ ἈντιόχουAntiochus καὶ τὸ στράτευμα φεύγει εἰς ΚανὰCana κώμην , ἔνθα τὸ πλεῖον αὐτῶν λιμῷ φθείρεται .
³⁹¹ but he soon burnt them all, and made his army pass by that way into Arabia. The Arabian king [Aretas] at first retreated, but afterward appeared on the sudden with ten thousand horsemen. Antiochus gave them the meeting, and fought desperately; and indeed when he had gotten the victory, and was bringing some auxiliaries to that part of his army that was in distress, he was slain. When Antiochus was fallen, his army fled to the village Cana, where the greatest part of them perished by famine.	³⁹¹ but the other soon burned them all and so enabled his army to pass into Arabia. At first the Arabian king retreated, but later suddenly appeared with ten thousand cavalry; and Antiochus faced them and fought desperately, and was on the verge of victory and helping part of his army in distress, when he was killed. When Antiochus fell, his army fled to the village of Cana, where most of them died of hunger.
³⁹¹ Barach

³⁹² Βασιλεύει δὲ μετ᾽ αὐτὸν τῆς κοίλης ΣυρίαςSyria ἈρέταςAretas κληθεὶς εἰς τὴν‎ ἀρχὴν ὑπὸ τῶν τὴν‎ ΔαμασκὸνDamascus ἐχόντων διὰ τὸ πρὸς ΠτολεμαῖονPtolemy τὸν ΜενναίουMennaeus μῖσος . στρατεύσας δ᾽ ἐκεῖθεν ἐπὶ τὴν‎ ἸουδαίανJudea καὶ περὶ Ἄδιδα χωρίον μάχῃ νικήσας ἈλέξανδρονAlexander ἐπὶ συνθήκαις ἀνεχώρησεν ἐκ τῆς ἸουδαίαςJudea .
³⁹² After him Arems reigned over Celesyria, being called to the government by those that held Damascus, by reason of the hatred they bare to Ptolemy Menneus. He also made thence an expedition against Judea, and beat Alexander in battle, near a place called Adida; yet did he, upon certain conditions agreed on between them, retire out of Judea.	³⁹² After him, Aretas ruled Coele-Syria, being called to the leadership by those who held Damascus, because of their hatred of Ptolemy Mennaeus. From there he also made an expedition against Judea and beat Alexander in battle, near a place called Adidas, but then made a treaty and retreated from Judea.
³⁹² Barach

³⁹³ ἈλέξανδροςAlexander δ᾽ ἐλάσας αὖθις ἐπὶ ΔίανDios πόλιν αἱρεῖ ταύτην , καὶ στρατεύσας ἐπὶ ἜσσανEssa , οὗ τὰ πλείστου ἄξια ΖήνωνιZēnō συνέβαινεν εἶναι , τρισὶν μὲν περιβάλλει τείχεσιν τὸ χωρίον , ἀμαχὶ δὲ [λαβὼν ] τὴν‎ πόλιν ἐπὶ ΓαύλανανGolan καὶ ΣελεύκειανSeleucia ἐξώρμησεν .
³⁹³ But Alexander marched again to the city Dios, and took it; and then made an expedition against Essa, where was the best part of Zeno’s treasures, and there he encompassed the place with three walls; and when he had taken the city by fighting, he marched to Golan and Seleucia;	³⁹³ Alexander marched against the city of Dios and took it, and then marched on Essa, where the best of Zeno's treasures happened to be and surrounded the place with three walls; and taking the city without a fight, he hastened on to Golan and Seleucia.
³⁹³ Barach

³⁹⁴ παραλαβὼν δὲ καὶ ταύτας προσεξεῖλεν καὶ τὴν‎ ἈντιόχουAntiochus λεγομένην Φάραγγα καὶ ΓάμαλαGamala τὸ φρούριον . ἐγκαλῶν δὲ πολλὰ ΔημητρίῳDemetrius τῷ τῶν τόπων ἄρχοντι περιέδυσεν αὐτόν , καὶ τρίτον ἤδη πεπληρωκὼς ἔτος τῆς στρατείας εἰς τὴν‎ οἰκείαν ὑπέστρεψεν προθύμως αὐτὸν τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews διὰ τὴν‎ εὐπραγίαν δεχομένων .
³⁹⁴ and when he had taken these cities, he, besides them, took that valley which is called The Valley of Antiochus, as also the fortress of Gamala. He also accused Demetrius, who was governor of those places, of many crimes, and turned him out; and after he had spent three years in this war, he returned to his own country, when the Jews joyfully received him upon this his good success.	³⁹⁴ After taking these cities, he also captured the valley called The Valley of Antiochus, and the fortress of Gamala and indicted the ruler of those places, Demetrius, of many crimes and expelled him. After spending three years at war, he returned home, and the Jews received him joyfully for his success.
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³⁹⁵ Κατὰ δὴ τοῦτον τὸν καιρὸν ἤδη τῶν ΣύρωνSyrian καὶ ἸδουμαίωνIdumaea καὶ ΦοινίκωνPhoenicians πόλεις εἶχον οἱ ἸουδαῖοιJews πρὸς θαλάσσῃ μὲν ΣτράτωνοςStrato πύργον ἈπολλωνίανApollonia ἸόππηνJoppa ἸάμνειανJamneia ἌζωτονAzotus ΓάζανGaza Ἀννίβαν ῬάφειανRaphia ῬινοκόρουραRhinocoroua ,
³⁹⁵ Now at this time the Jews were in possession of the following cities that had belonged to the Syrians, and Idumeans, and Phoenicians: At the sea-side, Strato’s Tower, Apollonia, Joppa, Jamnia, Ashdod, Gaza, Anthedon, Raphia, and Rhinocolura;	³⁹⁵ At this time the Jews occupied the following cities that had belonged to the Syrians and Idumaeans and Phoenicians: On the coast, Strato's Tower, Apollonia, Joppa, Jamneia, Azotus, Gaza, Anthedon, Raphia and Rhinocoroura;
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³⁹⁶ ἐν δὲ τῇ μεσογαίᾳ κατὰ τὴν‎ ἸδουμαίανIdumaea ἌδωραAdor καὶ ΜάρισανMarissa καὶ ὅλην ἸδουμαίανIdumaea , ΣαμάρειανSamaria ΚαρμήλιονCarmel ὄρος καὶ τὸ ἸταβύριονItaburion ὄρος ΣκυθόπολινScythopolis ΓάδαραGadara , ΓαυλανίτιδαςGaulonitis ΣελεύκειανSeleucia ΓάβαλαGamala ,
³⁹⁶ in the middle of the country, near to Idumea, Adora, and Marissa; near the country of Samaria, Mount Carmel, and Mount Tabor, Scythopolis, and Gadara; of the country of Gaulonitis, Seleucia and Gabala;	³⁹⁶ in the middle of the country toward Idumaea, Adora and Marissa; near the district of Samaria, Mount Carmel and Mount Itaburion, Scythopolis and Gadara,
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³⁹⁷ ΜωαβίτιδαςMoab ἨσεβὼνHessebon ΜήδαβαMedaba ΛεμβὰLemba ΟρωναιμαγελεθωνOronaima ΖόαραZoar ΚιλίκωνCilicians αὐλῶνα ΠέλλανPella , ταύτην κατέσκαψεν ὑποσχομένων τῶν ἐνοικούντων ἐς πάτρια τῶν ἸουδαίωνJews ἔθη μεταβαλεῖσθαι , ἄλλας τε πόλεις πρωτευούσας τῆς ΣυρίαςSyria ἦσαν κατεστραμμένοι .
³⁹⁷ in the country of Moab, Heshbon, and Medaba, Lemba, and Oronas, Gelithon, Zara, the valley of the Cilices, and Pella; which last they utterly destroyed, because its inhabitants would not bear to change their religious rites for those peculiar to the Jews. The Jews also possessed others of the principal cities of Syria, which had been destroyed.	³⁹⁷ of the district of Gaulonitis, Seleucia and Gabala; in the district of Moab, Hessebon, Medaba, Lemba, Oronaima, Gelithon, Zoar, the valley of the Cilicians and Pella, which they utterly destroyed when its inhabitants would not bear to exchange their customs for those of the Jews; and they held other major cities of Syria, which had been destroyed.
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³⁹⁸ μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ὁ βασιλεὺς ἈλέξανδροςAlexander ἐκ μέθης εἰς νόσον καταπεσὼν καὶ τρισὶν ἔτεσιν τεταρταίῳ πυρετῷ συσχεθεὶς οὐκ ἀπέστη τῶν στρατειῶν , ἕως οὗ τοῖς πόνοις ἐξαναλωθεὶς ἀπέθανεν ἐν τοῖς Γερασηνῶν ὅροις πολιορκῶν Ῥάγαβα φρούριον πέραν τοῦ ἸορδάνουJordan .
³⁹⁸ After this, king Alexander, although he fell into a distemper by hard drinking, and had a quartan ague, which held him three years, yet would not leave off going out with his army, till he was quite spent with the labors he had undergone, and died in the bounds of Ragaba, a fortress beyond Jordan.	³⁹⁸ Then king Alexander, although he was sick from hard drinking and had a regular fever, which affected him for three years, would not stop going out with his army until he was quite spent with fatigue and died not far from Ragaba, a fortress beyond the Jordan.
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³⁹⁹ ὁρῶσα δ᾽ αὐτὸν ἡ βασίλισσα πρὸς τῷ τελευτᾶν ὄντα καὶ μηδεμίαν ὑπογράφοντα μηκέτι σωτηρίας ἐλπίδα , κλαίουσα καὶ κοπτομένη τῆς μελλούσης ἐρημίας αὐτήν τε καὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἀπωδύρετο καί «τίνι καταλείπεις οὕτως ἐμέ τε καὶ τὰ τέκνα τῆς παρ᾽ ἄλλων βοηθείας δεόμενα» πρὸς αὐτὸν ἔλεγεν «καὶ ταῦτ᾽ εἰδώς , πῶς διάκειται πρὸς σὲ δυσμενῶς τὸ ἔθνος.»
³⁹⁹ But when his queen saw that he was ready to die, and had no longer any hopes of surviving, she came to him weeping and lamenting, and bewailed herself and her sons on the desolate condition they should be left in; and said to him, “To whom dost thou thus leave me and my children, who are destitute of all other supports, and this when thou knowest how much ill-will thy nation bears thee?”	³⁹⁹ When his queen saw that he was about to die and there was no more hope of his surviving, she came to him weeping and beating her breast for the desolate condition she and her sons would be left in. She wailed, "To whom do you leave me and the children, who are without any support, when you know how much the nation hates you?"
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⁴⁰⁰ ὁ δὲ συνεβούλευεν αὐτῇ πείθεσθαι μὲν οἷς ὑποθήσεται πρὸς τὸ τὴν‎ βασιλείαν ἀσφαλῶς κατέχειν μετὰ τῶν τέκνων , κρύψαι δὲ τὸν θάνατον αὐτοῦ‎ πρὸς τοὺς στρατιώτας , ἕως ἂν ἐξέλῃ τὸ χωρίον .
⁴⁰⁰ But he gave her the following advice: That she need but follow what he would suggest to her, in order to retain the kingdom securely, with her children: that she should conceal his death from the soldiers till she should have taken that place;	⁴⁰⁰ He advised her with some suggestions so that she and the children could securely hold on to the kingdom . First, she should conceal his death from the soldiers until she had captured the place.
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⁴⁰¹ ἔπειτα ὡς ἀπὸ νίκης λαμπρῶς εἰς τὰ ἹεροσόλυμαJerusalem παραγινομένην τοῖς ΦαρισαίοιςPharisees ἐξουσίαν τινὰ παρασχεῖν · τούτους γὰρ ἐπαινοῦντας αὐτὴν ἀντὶ τῆς τιμῆς εὔνουν καταστήσειν αὐτῇ τὸ ἔθνος , δύνασθαι δὲ πολὺ παρὰ τοῖς ἸουδαίοιςJews τούτους ἔφασκε βλάψαι τε μισοῦντας καὶ φίλους διακειμένους ὠφελῆσαι ·
⁴⁰¹ after this she should go in triumph, as upon a victory, to Jerusalem, and put some of her authority into the hands of the Pharisees; for that they would commend her for the honor she had done them, and would reconcile the nation to her for he told her they had great authority among the Jews, both to do hurt to such as they hated, and to bring advantages to those to whom they were friendly disposed;	⁴⁰¹ Then she should go in triumph, as for a victory, to Jerusalem and entrust some of her authority to the Pharisees, who would commend her for the honour she showed them and would reconcile the nation to her. He pointed out to her the great authority they had among the Jews, both to harm anyone they hated and to benefit those to whom they were well disposed,
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⁴⁰² μάλιστα γὰρ πιστεύεσθαι παρὰ τῷ πλήθει περὶ ὧν ἂν κἂν φθονῶσίν τι χαλεπὸν λέγωσιν , αὐτόν τε προσκροῦσαι τῷ ἔθνει διὰ τούτους ἔλεγεν ὑβρισθέντας ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ .
⁴⁰² for that they are then believed best of all by the multitude when they speak any severe thing against others, though it be only out of envy at them. And he said that it was by their means that he had incurred the displeasure of the nation, whom indeed he had injured.	⁴⁰² and that they are believed by the crowd especially when they say something harsh, even if it is only out of envy for it was through them that he had incurred the nation's displeasure when they insulted him.
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⁴⁰³ « σὺ τοίνυν ,» εἶπεν , «ἐν τοῖς ἹεροσολύμοιςJerusalem γενομένη μετάπεμψαι μὲν τοὺς στασιώτας αὐτῶν , ἐπιδείξασα δὲ τὸ σῶμα τοὐμὸν ἐκείνοις ὅπως μοι βούλονται χρῆσθαι μετὰ πολλῆς ἀξιοπιστίας ἐπίτρεπε , εἴτε καθυβρίζειν ἀταφίᾳ μου θελήσουσι τὸν νεκρὸν ὡς πολλὰ πεπονθότες ἐξ ἐμοῦ , εἴτ᾽ ἄλλην τινὰ κατ᾽ ὀργὴν αἰκίαν τῷ σώματι προσφέρειν . ὑπόσχου τε καὶ μηδὲν δίχα τῆς ἐκείνων γνώμης ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ διαπράξεσθαι .
⁴⁰³ “Do thou, therefore,” said he, “when thou art come to Jerusalem, send for the leading men among them, and show them my body, and with great appearance of sincerity, give them leave to use it as they themselves please, whether they will dishonor the dead body by refusing it burial, as having severely suffered by my means, or whether in their anger they will offer any other injury to that body. Promise them also that thou wilt do nothing without them in the affairs of the kingdom.	⁴⁰³ "Therefore ," he said, "when you go to Jerusalem, send for their officers and show them my body and appearing fully sincere, leave the choice to them, whether to demean my corpse by refusing it burial, because of what they suffered from me, or in their anger decide to dishonour my body in some other way. And promise them that you will do nothing in the kingdom without their advice .
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⁴⁰⁴ Ταῦτά σου πρὸς αὐτοὺς εἰπούσης ἐγώ τε λαμπροτέρας ἀξιωθήσομαι πρὸς αὐτῶν κηδείας ἧς ἂν ἔτυχον ἐκ σοῦ , μηδὲν διὰ τὸ ἐξεῖναι ποιεῖν μου κακῶς τὸν νεκρὸν διαθεῖναι θελησάντων , σύ τε βεβαίως ἄρξεις .» ταῦτα παραινέσας τῇ γυναικὶ τελευτᾷ βασιλεύσας ἔτη ἑπτὰ καὶ εἴκοσι , βιώσας δ᾽ ἓν καὶ πεντήκοντα .
⁴⁰⁴ If thou dost but say this to them, I shall have the honor of a more glorious funeral from them than thou couldst have made for me; and when it is in their power to abuse my dead body, they will do it no injury at all, and thou wilt rule in safety.” So when he had given his wife this advice, he died, after he had reigned twenty-seven years, and lived fifty years within one.	⁴⁰⁴ If you say only this to them, I shall have from them the honour of a more glorious funeral than you could give me, and when it is in their power to abuse my corpse they will do it no harm at all and you will rule in safety." When he had advised his wife in this way, he died, after he had ruled for twenty-seven years and lived for forty-nine.
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Chapter 16
[405-433]
With the Pharisees' support,
Alexandra rules Judea for nine years

☜ ☞

⁴⁰⁵ ἡ δὲ ἈλεξάνδραAlexandra τὸ φρούριον ἐξελοῦσα κατὰ τὰς τοῦ · ἀνδρὸς ὑποθήκαςprecept τοῖς τε ΦαρισαίοιςPharisees διελέχθη καὶ πάντα ἐπ᾽ ἐκείνοις θεμένη τά τε περὶ τοῦ νεκροῦ καὶ τῆς βασιλείας , τῆς μὲν ὀργῆς αὐτοὺς τῆς πρὸς ἈλέξανδρονAlexander ἔπαυσεν , εὔνους δ᾽ ἐποίησεν καὶ φίλους .
⁴⁰⁵ So Alexandra, when she had taken the fortress, acted as her husband had suggested to her, and spake to the Pharisees, and put all things into their power, both as to the dead body, and as to the affairs of the kingdom, and thereby pacified their anger against Alexander, and made them bear goodwill and friendship to him;	⁴⁰⁵ After taking the fortress, Alexandra acted as her husband had suggested and spoke to the Pharisees and put everything in their power, about his corpse and the kingdom, and so she pacified their rage at Alexander and won their goodwill and friendship.
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⁴⁰⁶ οἱ δ᾽ εἰς τὸ πλῆθος παρελθόντες ἐδημηγόρουν τὰς πράξεις τὰς ἈλεξάνδρουAlexander διηγούμενοι , καὶ ὅτι δίκαιος αὐτοῖς ἀπόλοιτο βασιλεύς , καὶ τὸν δῆμον εἰς πένθος καὶ τὴν‎ ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ‎ κατήφειαν ἐξεκαλέσαντο τοῖς ἐπαίνοιςpraise, approval , ὥστε καὶ λαμπρότερον ἤ τινα τῶν πρὸ αὐτοῦ‎ βασιλέων αὐτὸν ἐκήδευσαν .
⁴⁰⁶ who then came among the multitude, and made speeches to them, and laid before them the actions of Alexander, and told them that they had lost a righteous king; and by the commendation they gave him, they brought them to grieve, and to be in heaviness for him, so that he had a funeral more splendid than had any of the kings before him.	⁴⁰⁶ They, going to the people and talking to them and explaining the acts of Alexander and saying that they had lost a righteous king, by their praise brought them to grieve and mourn for him, so that he had a funeral more splendid than any of the kings before him.
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⁴⁰⁷ δύο μέντοι γε υἱοὺς ἈλέξανδροςAlexander κατέλιπεν ὙρκανὸνHyrcanus καὶ ἈριστόβουλονAristobulus , τὴν‎ δὲ βασιλείαν εἰς τὴν‎ ἈλεξάνδρανAlexandra διέθετο . τῶν δὲ παίδων ὙρκανὸςHyrcanus μὲν ἀσθενὴς ἦν πράγματα διοικεῖν καὶ βίον ἡσύχιον μᾶλλον ἠγαπηκώς , ὁ δὲ νεώτερος ἈριστόβουλοςAristobulus δραστήριός τε ἦν καὶ θαρσαλέος . ἐστέργετο μὲν οὖν ὑπὸ τοῦ πλήθους ἡ γυνὴ διὰ τὸ δοκεῖν ἐφ᾽ οἷς ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς ἐξήμαρτεν δυσχεραίνειν .
⁴⁰⁷ Alexander left behind him two sons, Hyrcanus and Aristobulus, but committed the kingdom to Alexandra. Now, as to these two sons, Hyrcanus was indeed unable to manage public affairs, and delighted rather in a quiet life; but the younger, Aristobulus, was an active and a bold man; and for this woman herself, Alexandra, she was loved by the multitude, because she seemed displeased at the offenses her husband had been guilty of.	⁴⁰⁷ Alexander left behind him two sons, Hyrcanus and Aristobulus, but entrusted the kingdom to Alexandra. Of these children, Hyrcanus was unfit for public affairs and preferred a quiet life, while the younger, Aristobulus, was active and courageous. The woman herself was loved by the people, as she seemed displeased by the sins her husband had committed.
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⁴⁰⁸ ἡ δὲ ἀρχιερέα μὲν ἀπεδείκνυεν ὙρκανὸνHyrcanus διὰ τὴν‎ ἡλικίαν , πολὺ μέντοι πλέον διὰ τὸ ἄπραγμον αὐτοῦ‎ , καὶ πάντα τοῖς ΦαρισαίοιςPharisees ἐπέτρεπεν ποιεῖν , οἷς καὶ τὸ πλῆθος ἐκέλευσεν πειθαρχεῖν καὶ εἴ τι δὲ καὶ τῶν νομίμων ὙρκανὸςHyrcanus ὁ πενθερὸς αὐτῆς κατέλυσεν ὧν εἰσήνεγκαν οἱ ΦαρισαῖοιPharisees κατὰ τὴν‎ πατρῴαν παράδοσιν , τοῦτο πάλιν ἀποκατέστησεν .
⁴⁰⁸ So she made Hyrcanus high priest, because he was the elder, but much more because he cared not to meddle with politics, and permitted the Pharisees to do every thing; to whom also she ordered the multitude to be obedient. She also restored again those practices which the Pharisees had introduced, according to the traditions of their forefathers, and which her father-in-law, Hyrcanus, had abrogated.	⁴⁰⁸ She made Hyrcanus high priest, since he was the elder, but even more because he was inactive and left everything to the Pharisees, to whom she told the people to be subject. She also restored the Pharisaic practices in line with ancestral tradition, which Hyrcanus her father-in-law had abrogated.
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⁴⁰⁹ τὸ μὲν οὖν ὄνομα τῆς βασιλείας εἶχεν αὐτή , τὴν‎ δὲ δύναμιν οἱ ΦαρισαῖοιPharisees · καὶ γὰρ φυγάδας οὗτοι κατῆγον καὶ δεσμώτας ἔλυον καὶ καθάπαξ οὐδὲν δεσποτῶν διέφερον . ἐποιεῖτο μέντοι καὶ ἡ γυνὴ τῆς βασιλείας πρόνοιαν , καὶ πολὺ μισθοφορικὸν συνίστησιν , καὶ τὴν‎ ἰδίαν δύναμιν ἀπέδειξεν διπλασίονα , ὡς καταπλῆξαι τοὺς περὶ τυράννους καὶ λαβεῖν ὅμηρα αὐτῶν .
⁴⁰⁹ So she had indeed the name of the regent, but the Pharisees had the authority; for it was they who restored such as had been banished, and set such as were prisoners at liberty, and, to say all at once, they differed in nothing from lords. However, the queen also took care of the affairs of the kingdom, and got together a great body of mercenary soldiers, and increased her own army to such a degree, that she became terrible to the neighboring tyrants, and took hostages of them:	⁴⁰⁹ Although she held the title of regent, it was the Pharisees who had authority, for they brought people back from banishment and freed the prisoners, and, in a word, they were virtually masters. But the queen also took care of the kingdom and gathered a large body of mercenaries and so increased the size of her army that she was feared by the neighbouring tyrants and took hostages from them.
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⁴¹⁰ ἠρέμει δ᾽ ἡ χώρα πᾶσα πάρεξ τῶν ΦαρισαίωνPharisees · οὗτοι γὰρ ἐπετάρασσον τὴν‎ βασίλειαν πείθοντες , ὅπως κτείνειεν τοὺς ἈλεξάνδρῳAlexander παραινέσαντας ἀνελεῖν τοὺς ὀκτακοσίους . εἶτα αὐτοὶ τούτων ἕνα σφάττουσιν ΔιογένηνDiogenes καὶ μετ᾽ αὐτὸν ἄλλους ἐπ᾽ ἄλλοις ,
⁴¹⁰ and the country was entirely at peace, excepting the Pharisees; for they disturbed the queen, and desired that she would kill those who persuaded Alexander to slay the eight hundred men; after which they cut the throat of one of them, Diogenes; and after him they did the same to several, one after another,	⁴¹⁰ The whole country was at peace, except the Pharisees, who pestered the queen, asking her to kill those who had persuaded Alexander to slaughter the eight hundred. Then they cut the throat of one of them, Diogenes, and later did the same to several, one after another,
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⁴¹¹ ἕως οὗ οἱ δυνατοὶ παρελθόντες εἰς τὸ βασίλειον καὶ μετ᾽ αὐτῶν ἈριστόβουλοςAristobulus , ἐῴκει γὰρ τοῖς γινομένοις δυσανασχετῶν καὶ δῆλος ἦν , καθάπαξ εἰ ἀφορμῆς λάβοιτο , μὴ ἐπιτρέψων τῇ μητρί , ἀνεμίμνησκον ὅσα κατώρθωσαν τοσούτοις κινδύνοις , δι᾽ ὧν τὸ βέβαιον τῆς ἐν σφίσι πίστεως πρὸς τὸν δεσπότην ἐπεδείξαντο , ἀνθ᾽ ὧν ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ‎ μεγίστων ἠξιώθησαν .
⁴¹¹ till the men that were the most potent came into the palace, and Aristobulus with them, for he seemed to be displeased at what was done; and it appeared openly, that if he had an opportunity, he would not permit his mother to go on so. These put the queen in mind what great dangers they had gone through, and great things they had done, whereby they had demonstrated the firmness of their fidelity to their master, insomuch that they had received the greatest marks of favor from him;	⁴¹¹ until the dignitaries came to the palace accompanied by Aristobulus, for he resented what was going on, and it was clear that, given the opportunity, he would not let his mother continue like this. These reminded the queen of the great risks they had run and all they had done to prove their utter loyalty to their master, from whom they received the highest signs of favour.
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⁴¹² καὶ ἐδέοντο μὴ ἄχρι τοῦ παντὸς ἔμπαλιν τρέψαι σφίσι τὰς ἐλπίδας · ἀποφυγόντας γὰρ τὸν ἐκ πολεμίων κίνδυνον ἐν τῇ οἰκείᾳ ὑπ᾽ ἐχθρῶν δίκην βοσκημάτων κόπτεσθαι μηδεμιᾶς τιμωρίας οὔσης .
⁴¹² and they begged of her, that she would not utterly blast their hopes, as it now happened, that when they had escaped the hazards that arose from their [open] enemies, they were to be cut off at home by their [private] enemies, like brute beasts, without any help whatsoever.	⁴¹² They begged her not to utterly ruin their hopes, for if they escaped the danger of their public enemies, they could be killed at home by secret foes, like brute beasts, with no recourse.
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⁴¹³ ἔλεγόν τε ὡς , εἰ μὲν ἀρκεσθεῖεν τοῖς ἀνῃρημένοις οἱ ἀντίδικοι , διὰ τὸ πρὸς τοὺς δεσπότας γνήσιον μετρίως οἴσειν τὰ ξυμβάντα , εἰ δ᾽ αὖ μέλλοιεν ταὐτὰ μετιέναι , ᾐτοῦντο μάλιστα μὲν δοθῆναι σφίσιν ἀπαλλαγήν · οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν ὑπομεῖναι χωρὶς αὐτῆς πορίσασθαι τὸ σωτήριον , ἀλλ᾽ ἀσμενίζειν θνήσκοντες πρὸς τοῖς βασιλείοις , ὡς μὴ συγγνοῖεν ἀπιστίαν αὐτοῖς .
⁴¹³ They said also, that if their adversaries would be satisfied with those that had been slain already, they would take what had been done patiently, on account of their natural love to their governors; but if they must expect the same for the future also, they implored of her a dismission from her service; for they could not bear to think of attempting any method for their deliverance without her, but would rather die willingly before the palace gate, in case she would not forgive them.	⁴¹³ They said that if their foes would call a halt with those they had already killed, they would accept what had been done, due to their natural love for their officers; but if they must expect the same in future, they asked her permission to leave. They could not bear to think of seeking a way to save themselves without her; but would rather die willingly outside the palace gate, if she would not forgive them.
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⁴¹⁴ αἶσχός τε εἶναι σφίσι τε καὶ τῇ βασιλευούσῃ , εἰ πρὸς αὐτῆς ἀμελούμενοι ὑπὸ τῶν ἐχθρῶν τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἐκδεχθείησαν · ἀντὶ παντὸς γὰρ τιμήσεσθαι ἈρέτανAretas τε τὸν ἌραβαArabian καὶ τοὺς μονάρχους , εἰ ἀποξενολογήσειεν τοσούσδε ἄνδρας , οἷς ἦν τάχα που φρικῶδες αὐτῶν καὶ τοὔνομα τὸ πρὶν ἀκουσθῆναι .
⁴¹⁴ And that it was a great shame, both for themselves and for the queen, that when they were neglected by her, they should come under the lash of her husband’s enemies; for that Aretas, the Arabian king, and the monarchs, would give any reward, if they could get such men as foreign auxiliaries, to whom their very names, before their voices be heard, may perhaps be terrible;	⁴¹⁴ What a shame it would be, for themselves and the queen, if through her neglect they were given over to her husband's enemies, since Aretas, the Arab king, and other monarchs would pay any price to get as allies such men, whose reputation was impressive, even before their voices were heard.
⁴¹⁴ Barach

⁴¹⁵ εἰ δὲ μή , τό γε δεύτερον , εἰ τοὺς Φαρισαίους αὐτῇ προτιμᾶν ἔγνωσται , κατατάξαι ἕκαστον αὐτῶν ἐν τοῖς φρουρίοις · εἰ γὰρ ὧδε δαίμων τις ἐπενεμέσησεν τῷ ἈλεξάνδρουAlexander οἴκῳ , αὐτούς γε μὴν ἂν ἀποδεῖξαι καὶ ἐν ταπεινῷ σχήματι βιοτεύοντας .
⁴¹⁵ but if they could not obtain this their second request, and if she had determined to prefer the Pharisees before them, they still insisted that she would place them every one in her fortresses; for if some fatal demon hath a constant spite against Alexander’s house, they would be willing to bear their part, and to live in a private station there.	⁴¹⁵ But if they could not obtain their second request and she had decided to prefer the Pharisees over them, they asked her to place them all in her fortresses, for if a wicked demon bore permanent spite against the house of Alexander, they were willing to bear their part and to live there privately.
⁴¹⁵ Barach

⁴¹⁶ Πολλὰ τοιαῦτα λεγόντων καὶ εἰς οἶκτον τῶν τεθνεώτων καὶ τῶν κινδυνευόντων τοὺς ἈλεξάνδρουAlexander δαίμονας ἐπικαλουμένων , ἅπαντες οἱ περιεστῶτες ὥρμησαν εἰς δάκρυα , καὶ μάλιστα ἈριστόβουλοςAristobulus ὅπως ἔχοι γνώμης ἐδήλου πολλὰ τὴν‎ μητέρα κακίζων .
⁴¹⁶ As these men said thus, and called upon Alexander’s ghost for commiseration of those already slain, and those in danger of it, all the bystanders brake out into tears. But Aristobulus chiefly made manifest what were his sentiments, and used many reproachful expressions to his mother, [saying,]	⁴¹⁶ As they said this and called on Alexander's ghost to pity those already killed and those in danger of being so, all the bystanders broke into tears. But Aristobulus mainly revealed his sentiments and said many shameful things to his mother.
⁴¹⁶ Barach

⁴¹⁷ ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι μὲν αὐτοὶ σφίσι τῶν συμφορῶν ἐγένοντο αἴτιοι , κατὰ φιλαρχίαν ἐκλελυσσηκυίᾳ γυναικὶ παρὰ τὸ εἰκὸς βασιλεύειν γενεᾶς ἐν ἀκμῇ οὔσης ἐπιτρέψαντες · ἡ δὲ οὐκ ἔχουσα ὅ τι πράξειε μετὰ τοῦ εὐπρεποῦς τὴν‎ φυλακὴν τῶν χωρίων σφίσιν ἐπέτρεψεν , ὅτι μὴ ὙρκανίαςHyrcania καὶ ἈλεξανδρείουAlexander καὶ ΜαχαιροῦντοςMachaerus , ἔνθα τὰ πλείστου ἄξια ἦν αὐτῇ .
⁴¹⁷ “Nay, indeed, the case is this, that they have been themselves the authors of their own calamities, who have permitted a woman who, against reason, was mad with ambition, to reign over them, when there were sons in the flower of their age fitter for it.” So Alexandra, not knowing what to do with any decency, committed the fortresses to them, all but Hyrcania, and Alexandrium, and Macherus, where her principal treasures were.	⁴¹⁷ He said they had caused their own troubles, by letting a woman, mad with ambition, rule them, when she had sons in their prime, more fit for it. So, not knowing what she could do with any decency, Alexandra handed over the fortresses to them, except Hyrcania and Alexandreion and Machaerus, where her principal treasures were.
⁴¹⁷ Barach

⁴¹⁸ καὶ μετ᾽ οὐ πολὺ τὸν υἱὸν ἈριστόβουλονAristobulus μετὰ στρατιᾶς ἐξέπεμψεν ἐπὶ ΔαμασκὸνDamascus κατὰ ΠτολεμαίουPtolemy τοῦ ΜενναίουMennaeus λεγομένου , ὃς βαρὺς ἦν τῇ πόλει γείτων . ἀλλ᾽ οἱ μὲν οὐδὲν ἐργασάμενοι σπουδῆς ἄξιον ὑπέστρεψαν .
⁴¹⁸ After a little while also, she sent her son Aristobulus with an army to Damascus against Ptolemy, who was called Menneus, who was such a bad neighbor to the city; but he did nothing considerable there, and so returned home.	⁴¹⁸ A little later, she sent her son Aristobulus with an army to Damascus against Ptolemy, surnamed Mennaeus, who was such a bad neighbour to the city; but having achieved nothing of note, they went home.
⁴¹⁸ Barach

⁴¹⁹ Κατὰ δὲ τοῦτον τὸν καιρὸν ἀγγέλλεται ΤιγράνηςTigranes στρατοῦ μυριάσι τριάκοντα ἐμβεβληκὼς εἰς τὴν‎ ΣυρίανSyria καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ἸουδαίαςJudea ἀφιξόμενος . τοῦτο ὥσπερ εἰκὸς ἐφόβησε τὴν‎ βασίλισσαν καὶ τὸ ἔθνος . δῶρα δὴ καὶ πολλὰ καὶ λόγου ἄξια πέμπουσιν αὐτῷ καὶ πρέσβεις πολιορκοῦντι ΠτολεμαίδαPtolemais .
⁴¹⁹ About this time news was brought that Tigranes, the king of Armenia, had made an irruption into Syria with five hundred thousand soldiers, and was coming against Judea. This news, as may well be supposed, terrified the queen and the nation. Accordingly, they sent him many and very valuable presents, as also ambassadors, and that as he was besieging Ptolemais;	⁴¹⁹ About this time news was brought that king Tigranes of Armenia with three hundred thousand soldiers had invaded Syria and was marching on Judea. This naturally terrified the queen and the nation, and as he was besieging Ptolemais, they sent him many valuable gifts and envoys.
⁴¹⁹ Barach

⁴²⁰ βασίλισσα γὰρ σελήνη ἡ καὶ ΚλεοπάτραCleopatra καλουμένη τῶν ἐν τῇ ΣυρίᾳSyria κατέχειν , ἣ καὶ ἐνήγαγεν τοὺς ἐνοικοῦντας ἀποκλεῖσαι Τιγράνη νῦν ἐτύγχανεν καὶ ἐδέοντο χρηστὰ περὶ τῆς βασιλίσσης καὶ τοῦ ἔθνους συγγινώσκειν .
⁴²⁰ for Selene the queen, the same that was also called Cleopatra, ruled then over Syria, who had persuaded the inhabitants to exclude Tigranes. So the Jewish ambassadors interceded with him, and entreated him that he would determine nothing that was severe about their queen or nation.	⁴²⁰ The queen of Syria was Selene, also called Cleopatra, who had urged the population to keep Tigranes out, but now they begged and beseeched him not to pass a harsh sentence on their queen and nation.
⁴²⁰ Barach

⁴²¹ ὁ δὲ ἀποδεξάμενος αὐτοὺς τῆς ἐκ διαστήματος θεραπείας ἐλπίδας ὑπέθετο χρηστάς . ἄρτι δὲ τῆς ΠτολεμαίδοςPtolemais ἑαλωκυίας ἀγγέλλεται Τιγράνῃ Λεύκολλον διώκοντα ΜιθριδάτηνMithridates ἐκείνου μὲν διαμαρτεῖν εἰς τοὺς ἼβηραςSpaniards ἀναφυγόντος , τὴν‎ δὲ ἈρμενίανArmenia πορθήσαντα πολιορκεῖν ΤιγράνηςTigranes δὲ καὶ ταῦτ᾽ ἐπιγνοὺς ἀνεχώρει τὴν‎ ἐπ᾽ οἴκου .
⁴²¹ He commended them for the respects they paid him at so great a distance, and gave them good hopes of his favor. But as soon as Ptolemais was taken, news came to Tigranes, that Lucullus, in his pursuit of Mithridates, could not light upon him, who was fled into Iberia, but was laying waste Armenia, and besieging its cities. Now when Tigranes knew this, he returned home.	⁴²¹ He commended them for coming so far to pay their respects and raised their hopes. Shortly after Ptolemais was taken, news reached Tigranes that Lucullus, who had pursued Mithridates in vain as he had fled to Iberia, was devastating Armenia and besieging its cities. So hearing this, Tigranes went home.
⁴²¹ Barach

⁴²² μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο τῆς βασιλίσσης εἰς νόσον χαλεπὴν ἐμπεσούσηςto fall upon δόξαν ἈριστοβούλῳAristobulous τοῖς πράγμασιν ἐπιτίθεσθαι τῆς νυκτὸς ὑπεξελθὼν μεθ᾽ ἑνὸς τῶν θεραπόντων ᾔει ἐπὶ τὰ φρούρια , ἵνα οἱ πατρῷοι κατετάχθησαν αὐτῷ φίλοι .
⁴²² After this, when the queen was fallen into a dangerous distemper, Aristobulus resolved to attempt the seizing of the government; so he stole away secretly by night, with only one of his servants, and went to the fortresses, wherein his friends, that were such from the days of his father, were settled;	⁴²² Afterward, when the queen fell dangerously ill, Aristobulus resolved to try a coup. With just one servant he stole away secretly by night and went to the fortresses where his friends from his father's days had settled.
⁴²² Barach

⁴²³ πάλαι γὰρ ἀχθόμενος οἷς ἔπραττεν ἡ μήτηρ πολὺ μᾶλλον ἔδεισε , μὴ ἀποθανούσης ἐπὶ τοῖς ΦαρισαίοιςPharisees τὸ πᾶν γένος αὐτοῖς ὑπάρξειεν · ἑώρα γὰρ τὸ ἀδύνατον τοῦ μέλλοντος διαδέχεσθαι τὴν‎ ἀρχὴν ἀδελφοῦ .
⁴²³ for as he had been a great while displeased at his mother’s conduct, so he was now much more afraid, lest, upon her death, their whole family should be under the power of the Pharisees; for he saw the inability of his brother, who was to succeed in the government;	⁴²³ He had long been displeased with his mother's conduct, and now was even more afraid that, at her death, their whole clan would fall under the Pharisees, since his brother was clearly unable to succeed to the throne.
⁴²³ Barach

⁴²⁴ ξυνῄδει δὲ ἡ γυνὴ μόνη τῇ πράξει , ἣν κατέλιπεν αὐτόθι μετὰ τῆς γενεᾶς . Καὶ πρῶτον ἀφικόμενος εἰς Ἄγαβα , ἔνθα Γαλαίστης ἦν τῶν δυνατῶν , ὑπεδέχθη πρὸς αὐτοῦ‎ .
⁴²⁴ nor was any one conscious of what he was doing but only his wife, whom he left at Jerusalem with their children. He first of all came to Agaba, where was Galestes, one of the potent men before mentioned, and was received by him.	⁴²⁴ No one knew what he was doing except his wife, whom he left there with the family. He first went to Agaba where he was received by Galestes, one of the powerful men.
⁴²⁴ Barach

⁴²⁵ μεθ᾽ ἡμέραν δὲ αἴσθησις γίνεται τῇ βασιλίσσῃ τῆς ἈριστοβούλουAristobulus φυγῆς , καὶ μέχρι τινὸς ᾤετο γεγονέναι τὴν‎ ἀναχώρησινa retreat; to go back οὐκ ἐπὶ νεωτερισμῷ · ὡς μέντοι ἧκον ἀπαγγέλλοντες ἄλλοι ἐπ᾽ ἄλλοις , ὅτι κατειλήφει τὸ πρῶτον χωρίον καὶ τὸ δεύτερον καὶ ξύμπαντα , εὐθὺς γὰρ ἑνὸς ἀρξαμένου πάντα ἠπείγετο πρὸς τὸ ἐκείνου βούλημα , τότε δὴ ἐν μεγίσταις ταραχαῖς ὑπῆρχεν ἥ τε βασίλισσα καὶ τὸ ἔθνος .
⁴²⁵ When it was day, the queen perceived that Aristobulus was fled; and for some time she supposed that his departure was not in order to make any innovation; but when messengers came one after another with the news that he had secured the first place, the second place, and all the places, for as soon as one had begun they all submitted to his disposal, then it was that the queen and the nation were in the greatest disorder,	⁴²⁵ At daybreak, the queen had a feeling that Aristobulus had fled, but for some time she did not realize he had left in order to stage a coup; however, when a series of messengers arrived with the news that he had taken first one place and then another, and then all of them—for once one had begun they all submitted to his will—then the queen and the nation were in a major crisis.
⁴²⁵ Barach

⁴²⁶ ᾔδεισαν γὰρ οὐ πόρρω τοῦ δύνασθαι τὴν‎ ἀρχὴν αὐτῷ κρατῦναι τὸν ἈριστόβουλονAristobulus ὄντα , ἐδεδίεσάν τε , μὴ ποινὴν εἰσπράξαιτο ὧν παρῴνησαν αὐτῷ τὸν οἶκον . δόξαν οὖν τήν τε γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ‎ καὶ γενεὰν εἰς τὸ ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἱεροῦ φρούριον κατέθεσαν .
⁴²⁶ for they were aware that it would not be long ere Aristobulus would be able to settle himself firmly in the government. What they were principally afraid of was this, that he would inflict punishment upon them for the mad treatment his house had had from them. So they resolved to take his wife and children into custody, and keep them in the fortress that was over the temple.	⁴²⁶ They knew that soon Aristobulus would be able to firmly grasp the leadership. What they mainly feared was that he would punish them for the way they had mistreated his family, so they decided to put his wife and children in custody in the fortress overlooking the temple.
⁴²⁶ Barach

⁴²⁷ ἈριστοβούλῳAristobulous δὲ ὡς ἂν ἐκ πολλῶν συχνὰ ἀνήχθη , ἀφ᾽ ὧν ἤδη καὶ κόσμος βασίλειος περὶ αὐτὸν ἦν · σχεδὸν γὰρ ἐν ἡμέραις δεκαπέντε χωρίων ἐκράτησεν εἰκοσιδύο , ὅθεν ἀφορμὰς ἔχων στρατιὰν ἤθροιζεν ἀπὸ ΛιβάνουLibanus καὶ ΤράχωνοςTrachonitis καὶ τῶν μονάρχων · οἱ γὰρ ἄνθρωποι τῷ πλείονι ὑπαγόμενοι ῥᾳδίως ὑπήκουον · ἄλλως δὲ νομίζοντες , εἰ δὴ ξυλλάβοιεν αὐτῷ , τῶν μὴ προσδοκωμένων οὐχ ἧσσον καρπώσεσθαι τὴν‎ βασιλείαν ὡς αὐτοὶ τοῦ κρατῆσαι πρόφασις γενηθέντες .
⁴²⁷ Now there was a mighty conflux of people that came to Aristobulus from all parts, insomuch that he had a kind of royal attendants about him; for in a little more than fifteen days he got twenty-two strong places, which gave him the opportunity of raising an army from Libanus and Trachonitis, and the monarchs; for men are easily led by the greater number, and easily submit to them. And besides this, that by affording him their assistance, when he could not expect it, they, as well as he, should have the advantages that would come by his being king, because they had been the occasion of his gaining the kingdom.	⁴²⁷ People came in large numbers to Aristobulus from all sides, so that he had a kind of royal court about him, and in little more than fifteen days he gained twenty-two strongholds, and could raise an army from Libanus and Trachonitis and the kings, for men are easily led by the majority and easily submit to them. Besides, by unexpectedly helping him, both they and he would benefit if he won the kingship, for they would be the cause of his gaining it.
⁴²⁷ Barach

⁴²⁸ τῶν δὲ ἸουδαίωνJews οἱ πρεσβύτεροι καὶ ὙρκανὸςHyrcanus ἐσῄεσαν ὡς τὴν‎ βασίλισσαν καὶ ἐδέοντο ὑποθέσθαι γνώμην περὶ τῶν ἐνεστώτων · τὸν γὰρ ἈριστόβουλονAristobulus τῶν πάντων σχεδὸν ἤδη κυριεύειν , ὁπότεwhen χωρίων τοσούτων κρατήσειεν · ἄτοπον δέ , εἰ καὶ τὰ μάλιστα κάμνοι , περιούσης αὐτῆς κατὰ σφᾶς βουλεύεσθαι · περιεστάναι δὲ τὸν κίνδυνον οὐ διὰ μακροῦ σφίσιν .
⁴²⁸ Now the eiders of the Jews, and Hyrcanus with them, went in unto the queen, and desired that she would give them her sentiments about the present posture of affairs, for that Aristobulus was in effect lord of almost all the kingdom, by possessing of so many strong holds, and that it was absurd for them to take any counsel by themselves, how ill soever she were, whilst she was alive, and that the danger would be upon them in no long time.	⁴²⁸ The Jewish elders and Hyrcanus went to the queen to ask how she felt about the state of things, for in holding so many strongholds Aristobulus was in effect master of most of the kingdom. As long as she was alive they could not decide by themselves, however ill she was, but the danger would be upon them soon.
⁴²⁸ Barach

⁴²⁹ ἡ δὲ αὐτοὺς ἐκέλευσε πράττειν ὅ τι δοκοῦσι χρήσιμον εἶναι · πολλὰς δ᾽ ἀφορμὰς αὐτοῖς λείπεσθαι , τὸ ἔθνος ἐρρωμένον καὶ τὴν‎ δύναμιν καὶ τὰ ἐν τοῖς γαζοφυλακίοις χρήματα · αὐτῇ μὲν γὰρ μικρὸν ἔτι μέλειν τῶν πραγμάτων ὡς ἂν ὑπολείποντος ἤδη τοῦ σώματος .
⁴²⁹ But she bid them do what they thought proper to be done; that they had many circumstances in their favor still remaining, a nation in good heart, an army, and money in their several treasuries; for that she had small concern about public affairs now, when the strength of her body already failed her.	⁴²⁹ She told them to do as they thought best, but that they had many things still on their side, a well-disposed nation, an army and money in the treasuries; but she herself had little concern for public affairs, now that her bodily strength was failing.
⁴²⁹ Barach

⁴³⁰ Ταῦτ᾽ εἰποῦσα μετ᾽ οὐ πολὺ ἐτελεύτησεν βασιλεύσασα ἔτη ἐννέα , τὰ δὲ σύμπαντα βιώσασα τρία καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα , γυνὴ τῷ ἀσθενεῖ τοῦ φύλου κατ᾽ οὐδὲν χρησαμένη · δεινὴ γὰρ εἰς τὸ φίλαρχον ἐν ταῖς μάλιστα γενομένη διήλεγξεν ἔργοις τό τε πρακτικὸν τῆς ἐν αὐτῇ γνώμης καὶ τὸ ἀσύνετον τῶν ἀεὶ πταιόντων περὶ τὰς δυναστείας ἀνδρῶν .
⁴³⁰ Now a little while after she had said this to them, she died, when she had reigned nine years, and had in all lived seventy-three. A woman she was who showed no signs of the weakness of her sex, for she was sagacious to the greatest degree in her ambition of governing; and demonstrated by her doings at once, that her mind was fit for action, and that sometimes men themselves show the little understanding they have by the frequent mistakes they make in point of government;	⁴³⁰ She was tenacious in her ambition to rule, and showed a pragmatic mind in her actions, where even men often fail to be wise enough to hold on to power.
⁴³⁰ Barach

⁴³¹ τὸ γὰρ παρὸν κρεῖττον ἀξιοῦσαto think worthy τοῦ μέλλοντος καὶ πάντα δεύτερα τιθεμένη τοῦ ἐγκρατῶς ἄρχειν , οὔτε καλοῦ οὔτε δικαίου ἕνεκάbecause of γε τούτων ἐπεστρέφετο .
⁴³¹ for she always preferred the present to futurity, and preferred the power of an imperious dominion above all things, and in comparison of that had no regard to what was good, or what was right.	⁴³¹ She always valued the present over the future and preferred the power to rule above all things and for the sake of it had no regard for what was good or right.
⁴³¹ Barach

⁴³² εἰς γοῦν τοῦτο τῷ οἴκῳ ἀτυχίας τὰ πράγματα περιέστησεν , ὥσθ᾽ ἣν μετὰ πλείστων κινδύνων καὶ ταλαιπωρίας περιεκτήσατο δυναστείαν ἐπιθυμίᾳ τῶν μὴ προσηκόντων γυναικὶ χρόνοις οὐ πολλοῖς ὕστερον ἀφαιρεθῆναι , τοῖς μὲν ἐχόντων δυσμενῶς ἔχουσιν πρὸς τὸ γένος αὐτῶν τὴν‎ αὐτὴν γνώμην προσθεῖσα , τὴν‎ δὲ ἀρχὴν ἔρημον τῶν προκηδομένων ποιησαμένη .
⁴³² However, she brought the affairs of her house to such an unfortunate condition, that she was the occasion of the taking away that authority from it, and that in no long time afterward, which she had obtained by a vast number of hazards and misfortunes, and this out of a desire of what does not belong to a woman, and all by a compliance in her sentiments with those that bare ill-will to their family, and by leaving the administration destitute of a proper support of great men;	⁴³² But she brought the affairs of her family so low that the authority she had gained at the cost of so much risk and hardship was soon lost. For in her desire for what is not suitable to a woman and for sharing the views of those who hated her family, her leadership lacked the guidance of great men.
⁴³² Barach

⁴³³ καὶ ξυμφορῶν δὲ ἐνέπλησε καὶ ταραχῆς ἐξ ὧν ζῶσα ἐπολιτεύσατο καὶ μετὰ τὴν‎ τελευτὴν τὸ βασίλειον · οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ καίπερ οὕτως ἄρξασα ἐν εἰρήνῃ καὶ ἀταραξίᾳ τὸ ἔθνος διεφύλαξεν . τὰ μὲν οὖν περὶ ἈλεξάνδρανAlexandra τὴν‎ βασίλισσαν τοῦτο εἶχεν τὸ τέλος · ἔρχομαι δὲ λέξων τὰ τοῖς υἱέσιν αὐτῆς συμβεβηκότα ἈριστοβούλῳAristobulous καὶ ὙρκανῷHyrcanus μετὰ τὴν‎ ἐκείνης τελευτὴν ἐν τῇ μετὰ ταύτην μου βίβλῳ .
⁴³³ and, indeed, her management during her administration while she was alive, was such as filled the palace after her death with calamities and disturbance. However, although this had been her way of governing, she preserved the nation in peace. And this is the conclusion of the affairs of, Alexandra.	⁴³³ Her behaviour during her lifetime led to the palace being filled with trouble and strife after her death. Despite this she ruled peacefully and preserved the nation in tranquillity; and with that we end our story of queen Alexandra. In the next book I will tell what became of her sons Aristobulus and Hyrcanus, after her death.
⁴³³ Barach

FLAVIUS JOSEPHUSJEWISH ANTIQUITIESBook 13

From death of Judas Maccabeus to death of Queen Alexandra

Chapter 1[001-034]Jonathan takes over the leadership. Continues war against Bacchides, with Simon's help

Chapter 2 [035-061] Alexander Bala appoints Jonathan high priest, though Demetrius also tries to have his ally. Demetrius' death

Chapter 3 [062-079] Onias befriends Ptolemy Philometor. New Temple planned for Egypt

Chapter 4 [080-130] Alexander reigns in Syria and honours Jonathan. Honoured too, by Demetrius the younger

Chapter 5 [131-186] Tryphon wins Syria for Antiochus, son of Alexander. The envoys of Jonathan

Chapter 6 [187-217] On Jonathan's death, Simon becomes general and high priest. War against Tryphon

Chapter 7 [218-229] Simon is treacherously murdered by his son-in-law, Ptolemy

Chapter 8 [230-253] Hyrcanus becomes high priest and ejects Ptolemy; allies with Antiochus, after a war.

Chapter 9 [254-269] Hyrcanus' expedition against Syria. He makes a pact with the Romans

Chapter 10 [270-300] Hyrcanus demolishes Samaria. He changes sides, from Sadducee to Pharisee

Chapter 11 [301-319] Aristobulus is cruel toward his mother and his brothers; kills Antigonus and dies in his turn.

Chapter 12 [320-347] The new king, Alexander, besieges Ptolemais and earns Ptolemy's hatred by intrigue with Cleopatra

Chapter 13 [348-376] In league with Cleopatra, Alexander destroys Gaza. He kills many Jews who rebelled against him

Chapter 14 [377-386] Demetrius Akairos defeats Alexander, then retreats. The many Jews killed by Alexander

Chapter 15 [387-404] Antiochus "Dionysus" and Aretas make raids on Judea. Alexander's advice to Alexandra, before his death

Chapter 16 [405-433] With the Pharisees' support, Alexandra rules Judea for nine years

FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS
JEWISH ANTIQUITIES
Book 13